scholarly journals Trends in Mothers' Parenting Time by Education and Work From 2003 to 2017

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate C. Prickett ◽  
Jennifer March Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Full Time ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Childcare Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Education Gaps ◽  
College Educated

Abstract Scholars have been increasingly concerned about the rise in “intensive mothering” and its implications for the well-being of children and women and for inequality more broadly. These concerns, however, reflect a key assumption: that socioeconomic disparities in mothers' parenting time observed in earlier eras have continued to grow. Using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2003–2005 and 2015–2017 (n = 13,755), we test this assumption by examining whether maternal education gaps in active time spent with children have persisted across the 2000s. We pay particular attention to the continued socioeconomic bifurcation in women's access to full-time stable work, assessing whether changes in the education-related time gap are due to changes in who works and how much. We find that the gap in active childcare time between mothers with a college degree and those without has closed dramatically. Although some of this narrowing was driven by declines in time among college-educated mothers, most was driven by increases among mothers with less education. These trends, however, are observed only among mothers who were not employed full-time. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses further reveal that although most of the increase in active care time among nonworking mothers with less education was attributable to behavioral change, 58% of the decline among nonworking, college-educated mothers was a result of sociodemographic compositional changes. These findings illuminate population-level trends in mothers' active parenting time, provide insights into the driving factors, and help update theories, qualitative findings, and policy considerations related to mothers' and children's well-being.

scholarly journals Expensive Childcare and Short School Days = Lower Maternal Employment and More Time in Childcare? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311986027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Ruppanner ◽  
Stephanie Moller ◽  
Liana Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
State Level ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Full Time ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Childcare Time ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
School Day ◽  
Part Time

This study investigates the relationship between maternal employment and state-to-state differences in childcare cost and mean school day length. Pairing state-level measures with an individual-level sample of prime working-age mothers from the American Time Use Survey (2005–2014; n = 37,993), we assess the multilevel and time-varying effects of childcare costs and school day length on maternal full-time and part-time employment and childcare time. We find mothers’ odds of full-time employment are lower and part-time employment higher in states with expensive childcare and shorter school days. Mothers spend more time caring for children in states where childcare is more expensive and as childcare costs increase. Our results suggest that expensive childcare and short school days are important barriers to maternal employment and, for childcare costs, result in greater investments in childcare time. Politicians engaged in national debates about federal childcare policies should look to existing state childcare structures for policy guidance.

Financial Vulnerability and Worker Well-Being: A Comparison of Long-Term Services and Supports Workers With Other Health Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755872093013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Muench ◽  
Matthew Jura ◽  
Joanne Spetz ◽  
Rachel Mathison ◽  
Charlene Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Vulnerability ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Services And Supports

Over 1.5 million new jobs need to be filled by 2026 for medical assistants, nursing aides, and home care aides, many of which will work in the long-term services and supports (LTSS) sector. Using 16 years of data from the American Time Use Survey, we examined the financial vulnerability of high-skill and low-skill LTSS workers in comparison with other health care workers, while providing insight into their well-being by measuring time spent on work and nonwork activities. We found that, regardless of skill status, working in LTSS was associated with lower wages and an increased likelihood of experiencing poverty compared with other health care workers. Results from time diary data indicated that the LTSS workforce spent a greater share of their time working and commuting to work. Low-skill LTSS workers were hardest hit, spending more time on paid and unpaid activities, such as household and child care responsibilities.

scholarly journals Reliability, Validity, and Variability of the Subjective Well-Being Questions in the 2010 American Time Use Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonjoo Lee ◽  
Sandra L. Hofferth ◽  
Sarah M. Flood ◽  
Kimberly Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Time Use Survey

scholarly journals Unpacking the Parenting Well-Being Gap: The Role of Dynamic Features of Daily Life across Broader Social Contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Veronica Negraia ◽  
Jennifer March Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
Time Use Survey

Although public debate ensues over whether parents or nonparents have higher levels of emotional well-being, scholars suggest that being a parent is associated with a mixed bag of emotions. Drawing on the American Time Use Survey for the years 2010, 2012, and 2013 and unique measures of subjective well-being that capture positive and negative emotions linked to daily activities, we “unpack” this mixed bag. We do so by examining contextual variation in the parenting emotions gap based on activity type, whether parents’ children were present, parenting stage, and respondent’s gender. We found that parenting was associated with more positive emotions than nonparenting, but also more negative emotions. This pattern existed only during housework and leisure, not during paid work. Moreover, patterns in positive emotions existed only when parents’ children were present; patterns in negative emotions were primarily observed during earlier stages of parenting. Results were similar for men and women.

Parents’ Sleep Across Weekdays and Weekends: The Influence of Work, Housework, and Childcare Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110179
Author(s):  
Leah Ruppanner ◽  
Ben Maltby ◽  
Belinda Hewitt ◽  
David Maume
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Unmarried Mothers ◽  
Childcare Time ◽  
Unmarried Fathers ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Sleep Deficit ◽  
Time Demands

Children increase time demands with important consequences for sleep. Here, we test whether parents’ paid and unpaid time demands and the presence of young children equally reduce mothers’ and fathers’ sleep, comparing the married/cohabiting to unmarried. Applying data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS, 2003–2016), we find married/cohabiting mothers report less sleep when young children or multiple children are present; they are employed; their spouses are employed; and they spend more time in housework and childcare. By contrast, unmarried mothers report less sleep when children are present because of their larger domestic loads. For married/cohabiting fathers, the presence of multiple children is associated with less sleep but doing more housework results in more sleep. Finally, unmarried fathers’ employment time explains the association of children on their sleep. Parents report a sleep deficit relative to the childless but the reasons vary by gender and the co-presence of a partner.

The Impact of Terrorism on Individual Well-Being: Evidence from the Boston Marathon Bombing

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (631) ◽  
pp. 2065-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E Clark ◽  
Orla Doyle ◽  
Elena Stancanelli
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Boston Marathon Bombing ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Boston Marathon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A growing literature has concluded that terrorism affects the economy, yet less is known about its impact on individual welfare. This article estimates the impact of the 2013 Boston marathon bombing on well-being, exploiting representative daily data from the American Time Use Survey and Well-Being Supplement. Using a combined regression discontinuity and differences-in-differences design, with the 2012 Boston marathon as a counterfactual, we find an immediate reduction in well-being of a third of a standard deviation. In particular, happiness declined sharply and negative emotions rose significantly. While the effects do not persist beyond one week, they may entail adverse health and economic consequences.

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