The spalt gene links the A/P compartment boundary to a linear adult structure in the Drosophila wing

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sturtevant ◽  
B. Biehs ◽  
E. Marin ◽  
E. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Wing Disc ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Expression Domain ◽  
Anterior Edge ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Narrow Stripe ◽  
Hedgehog Signal ◽  
Anterior Posterior

During Drosophila embryogenesis, each segment is subdivided into an anterior and a posterior compartment through the action of the engrailed gene. Compartmental boundaries bisect imaginal disc primordia which give rise to adult appendages. In early larval development, a short-range Hedgehog signal originating from the posterior compartment of the imaginal wing disc activates expression of genes including decapentaplegic (dpp) in a stripe running along the anterior-posterior compartment boundary. Secreted Dpp emanating from the A/P boundary of wing discs then acts as a secondary signal to organize the wing over large distances. The transcription factor encoded by spalt major (salm) gene, which is expressed in a broad wedge centered over the dpp stripe, is one target of Dpp signaling. In this manuscript, we show that the anterior edge of the salm expression domain abuts a narrow stripe of rhomboid (rho)-expressing cells corresponding to the L2 longitudinal vein primordium. hh mis-expression along the anterior wing margin induces a surrounding domain of salm expression, the anterior edge of which abuts a displaced rho L2 stripe. salm plays a key role in defining the position of the L2 vein since loss of salm function in mosaic patches induces the formation of ectopic L2 branches, which comprise salm- cells running along clone borders where salm- cells confront salm+ cells. These data suggest that salm determines the position of the L2 vein primordium by activating rho expression in neighboring cells through a locally non-autonomous mechanism. rho then functions to initiate and maintain vein differentiation. We discuss how these data provide the final link connecting the formation of a linear adult structure to the establishment of a boundary by the maternal Bicoid morphogen gradient in the blastoderm embryo.

Signaling through both type I DPP receptors is required for anterior-posterior patterning of the entire Drosophila wing

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Singer ◽  
A. Penton ◽  
V. Twombly ◽  
F.M. Hoffmann ◽  
W.M. Gelbart
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Hypomorphic Allele ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Adult Wing ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Narrow Stripe ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The imaginal disk expression of the TGF-beta superfamily member DPP in a narrow stripe of cells along the anterior-posterior compartment boundary is essential for proper growth and patterning of the Drosophila appendages. We examine DPP receptor function to understand how this localized DPP expression produces its global effects upon appendage development. Clones of saxophone (sax) or thick veins (tkv) mutant cells, defective in one of the two type I receptors for DPP, show shifts in cell fate along the anterior-posterior axis. In the adult wing, clones that are homozygous for a null allele of sax or a hypomorphic allele of tkv show shifts to more anterior fates when the clone is in the anterior compartment and to more posterior fates when the clone is in the posterior compartment. The effect of these clones upon the expression pattern of the downstream gene spalt-major also correlates with these specific shifts in cell fate. The similar effects of sax null and tkv hypomorphic clones indicate that the primary difference in the function of these two receptors during wing patterning is that TKV transmits more of the DPP signal than does SAX. Our results are consistent with a model in which a gradient of DPP reaches all cells in the developing wing blade to direct anterior-posterior pattern.

Role of knot (kn) in Wing Patterning in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1203-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Nestoras ◽  
Helena Lee ◽  
Jym Mohler
Keyword(s):  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Embryonic Segmentation ◽  
Anterior Posterior

We have undertaken a genetic analysis of new strong alleles of knot (kn). The original kn1 mutation causes an alteration of wing patterning similar to that associated with mutations of fused (fu), an apparent fusion of veins 3 and 4 in the wing. However, unlike fu, strong kn mutations do not affect embryonic segmentation and indicate that kn is not a component of a general Hh (Hedgehog)-signaling pathway. Instead we find that kn has a specific role in those cells of the wing imaginal disc that are subject to ptc-mediated Hh-signaling. Our results suggest a model for patterning the medial portion of the Drosophila wing, whereby the separation of veins 3 and 4 is maintained by kn activation in the intervening region in response to Hh-signaling across the adjacent anterior-posterior compartment boundary.

Creating a Drosophila wing de novo, the role of engrailed, and the compartment border hypothesis

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 3359-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tabata ◽  
C. Schwartz ◽  
E. Gustavson ◽  
Z. Ali ◽  
T.B. Kornberg
Keyword(s):  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Organizational Feature ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Anterior/posterior compartment borders bisect every Drosophila imaginal disc, and the engrailed gene is essential for their function. We analyzed the role of the engrailed and invected genes in wing discs by eliminating or increasing their activity. Removing engrailed/invected from posterior wing cells created two new compartments: an anterior compartment consisting of mutant cells and a posterior compartment that grew from neighboring cells. In some cases, these compartments formed a complete new wing. Increasing engrailed activity also affected patterning. These findings demonstrate that engrailed both directs the posterior compartment pathway and creates the compartment border. These findings also establish the compartment border as the pre-eminent organizational feature of disc growth and patterning.

Distal regeneration in proximal fragments of the wing disc of Drosophila

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-323
Author(s):  
Jane Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Wing Disc ◽  
Precise Localization ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Perfect Correlation ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Do So

The rules governing proximo-distal regeneration in the wing disc of Drosophila were investigated. It was found that proximal fragments confined to either anterior or posterior compartments could not regenerate distally, although many fragments having tissue from both compartments could do so even in the absence of circumferential regeneration. Fragments containing the ventral but not the dorsal end of the anterior-posterior border were able to regenerate distally. The use of a cuticular marker in the posterior compartment very close to the border permitted precise localization of the tissue required to cause anterio fragments to regenerate distally; in anterior fragments cut close to the border, there was an almost perfect correlation between possession of this marker and distal regeneration. It was found however, that distal regeneration was not an all-or-none phenomenon; its extent was dependent on the total amount of tissue present from both compartments.

scholarly journals Bab2 activates JNK signaling to reprogram Drosophila wing disc development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpo Zhao ◽  
Jianli Duan ◽  
Alexis Dziedziech ◽  
Sabrina Büttner ◽  
Ylva Engström
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Jnk Signaling ◽  
Compensatory Proliferation ◽  
Wing Discs

AbstractIn response to cellular stress and damage, certain tissues are able to regenerate and to restore tissue homeostasis. In Drosophila imaginal wing discs, dying cells express mitogens that induce compensatory proliferation in the surrounding tissue. Here we report that high levels of the BTB/POZ transcription factor Bab2 in the posterior compartment of wing discs activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and local, cell-autonomous apoptotic cell death. This in turn triggered the upregulation of the Dpp mitogen and cellular proliferation in the anterior compartment in a JNK-dependent manner. In the posterior compartment, however, dpp expression was suppressed, most likely by direct transcriptional repression by Bab2. This dual-mode of JNK-signaling, autocrine pro-apoptotic signaling and paracrine pro-proliferative signaling, led to opposite effects in the two compartments and reprogramming of the adult wing structure. We establish Bab2 as a regulator of wing disc development, with the capacity to reprogram development via JNK activation in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner.Summary statementZhao et al. shows that the BTB/POZ transcription factor Bab2 is a potent activator of JNK signaling, apoptosis and compensatory proliferation, thereby driving both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic processes.

groucho and hedgehog regulate engrailed expression in the anterior compartment of the Drosophila wing

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 3467-3476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. de Celis ◽  
M. Ruiz-Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Ectopic Activation ◽  
Selector Genes ◽  
Dorsoventral Boundary ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Drosophila imaginal discs are divided into units called compartments. Cells belonging to the same compartment are related by lineage and express a characteristic set of ‘selector genes’. The borders between compartments act as organizing centres that influence cell growth within compartments. Thus, in the cells immediately anterior to the anterior-posterior compartment boundary the presence of the hedgehog product causes expression of decapentaplegic, which, in turn, influences the growth and patterning of the wing disc. The normal growth of the disc requires that posterior-specific genes, such as hedgehog and engrailed are not expressed in cells of the anterior compartment. Here we show that hedgehog can activate engrailed in the anterior compartment and that both hedgehog and engrailed are specifically repressed in anterior cells by the activity of the neurogenic gene groucho. In groucho mutant discs, hedgehog and engrailed are expressed at the dorsoventral boundary of the anterior compartment, leading to the ectopic activation of decapentaplegic and patched and to a localised increase in cell growth associated with pattern duplications. The presence of engrailed in the anterior compartment causes the transformation of anterior into posterior structures.

scholarly journals Drawing a stripe in Drosophila imaginal disks: negative regulation of decapentaplegic and patched expression by engrailed.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sanicola ◽  
J Sekelsky ◽  
S Elson ◽  
W M Gelbart
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Lacz Reporter ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
Imaginal Disks ◽  
Regulatory Loop ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract During development of the Drosophila adult appendage precursors, the larval imaginal disks, the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene is expressed in a stripe just anterior to the anterior/posterior (A/P) compartment boundary. Here, we investigate the genetic controls that lead to production of this stripe. We extend previous observations on leaky engrailed (en) mutations by showing that mutant clones completely lacking both en and invected (inv) activity ectopically express dpp-lacZ reporter genes in the posterior compartment, where dpp activity ordinarily is repressed. Similarly, patched (ptc) is also ectopically expressed in such posterior compartment en-inv- null clones. In contrast, these en-inv- clones exhibit loss of hedgehog (hh) expression. We suggest that the absence of dpp expression in the posterior compartment is due to direct repression by en. Ubiquitious expression of en in imaginal disks, produced by a hs-en construct, eliminates the expression of dpp-lacZ in its normal A/P boundary stripe. We identify three in vitro Engrailed binding sites in one of our dpp-lacZ reporter gene. Mutagenesis of these Engrailed binding sites results in ectopic expression of this reporter gene, but does not alter the normal stripe of expression at the A/P boundary. We propose that the en-hh-ptc regulatory loop that is responsible for segmental expression of wingless in the embryo is reutilized in imaginal disks to create a stripe of dpp expression along the A/P compartment boundary.

Quantitative EM of gap junction distribution in mutant drosophila wing discs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
J.S. Ryerse
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Adult Wing ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Wing Pouch

Gap junctions are intercellular junctions found in both vertebrates and invertebrates through which ions and small molecules can pass. Their distribution in tissues could be of critical importance for ionic coupling or metabolic cooperation between cells or for regulating the intracellular movement of growth control and pattern formation factors. Studies of the distribution of gap junctions in mutants which develop abnormally may shed light upon their role in normal development. I report here the distribution of gap junctions in the wing pouch of 3 Drosophila wing disc mutants, vg (vestigial) a cell death mutant, 1(2)gd (lethal giant disc) a pattern abnormality mutant and 1(2)gl (lethal giant larva) a neoplastic mutant and compare these with wildtype wing discs.The wing pouch (the anlagen of the adult wing blade) of a wild-type wing disc is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of columnar cells (Fig. 5) joined by gap junctions (Fig. 6). 14000x EMs of conventionally processed, UA en bloc stained, longitudinally sectioned wing pouches were enlarged to 45000x with a projector and tracings were made on which the lateral plasma membrane (LPM) and gap junctions were marked.

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