Action of actinomycin and puromycin upon frog oocyte maturation

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
T. A. Dettlaff
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Frog Oocyte ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormones ◽  
Cerebratulus Lacteus

In amphibians, as well as in other vertebrates, occytes start to mature under the action of hypophyseal gonadotropic hormones. (In this paper the term ‘maturation’ implies the transformation into ripe eggs of oocytes that have finished growing.) In the course of maturation the oocytes themselves and the follicle cells surrounding them undergo changes; the changes of these two cell types are not causally connected, their coincidence in time is easily broken in unfavourable conditions (Wright, 1945; Tchou-Su & Wang Yu-lan, 1958). As shown earlier (Dettlaff, Nikitina & Stroeva, 1964), hypophyseal gonadotropic hormones affect amphibian oocytes through the oocyte nucleus, the germinal vesicle. As a result of their action the nuclear sap of the germinal vesicle acquires the ability to induce cytoplasmic maturation (the property revealed by Delage on the oocytes of Asterias glacialis, 1899, 1901, and by Wilson on those of Cerebratulus lacteus, 1903).

Involvement of catecholamines in the regulation of oocyte maturation in frogs

Zygote ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Ramos ◽  
Susana Cisint ◽  
Claudia A. Crespo ◽  
Marcela F. Medina ◽  
Silvia N. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Metabolic Behaviour

The present study investigates the role of catecholamines in the regulation of Bufo arenarum oocyte maturation. The metabolic changes in the oxidation of carbohydrates and the meiotic resumption evinced by the germinal vesicle breakdown were used as indicators of cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation, respectively. The results obtained suggest that noradrenaline (norepinephrine) could be one of the factors responsible for the metabolic behaviour that characterises cytoplasmically immature oocytes. The use of adrenaline (epinephrine), on the other hand, induced a metabolic change which made oocytes cytoplasmically mature. The effect of both catecholamines, which was dose-dependent, was observed in ovarian oocytes (surrounded by follicle cells) as well as in coelomic oocytes (free from follicle cells), suggesting the presence of adrenergic receptors in the gamete. The results obtained using adrenergic agonists and antagonists suggest that the effect of adrenaline would be due to an interaction with β2-receptors. Although catecholamines have an influence on the determination of the stage of cytoplasmic maturation of the oocytes, they do not affect nuclear maturation by themselves. Nevertheless, pretreatment of follicles with adrenaline caused a significant inhibition in progesterone-induced nuclear maturation even though this effect was markedly weaker when using noradrenaline.

1-Methyladenine: a starfish oocyte maturation-inducing substance

Zygote ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S9-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Mita
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
Immature Oocytes ◽  
Extracellular Region ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone Receptor

1-Methyladenine (1-MeAde) in starfish was the first compound to be identified as an oocyte maturation-inducing substance (MIS) among invertebrates in 1969 by Kanatani and co-workers. In starfish, the ripe ovary contains a huge number of fully grown oocytes of almost equal size. Each oocyte possesses a large nucleus (germinal vesicle, GV), which is arrested in late prophase of the first maturation division. The oocyte is surrounded by a single follicle layer. Such immature oocytes are not fertilisable. Resumption of meiosis in immature oocytes can be induced by 1-MeAde, and the mature oocytes thus become fertilisable (Kanatani et al., 1969; Kanatani, 1985). 1-MeAde is produced by ovarian follicle cells upon stimulation with a gonad-stimulating substance (GSS) released from the radial nerves (Fig. 1).It has been demonstrated that GSS is a peptide hormone (Kanatani et al., 1971). The action of GSS on 1-MeAde production in follicle cells appears to be mediated by its receptor, G-proteins and adenylyl cyclase (Mita & Nagahama, 1991). These findings suggest that a G-protein coupled (seven transmembrane type) receptor is involved in GSS signal transduction, similarly to the pituitary-gonadal axis in vertebrates.Thus, using degenerate probes derived from consensus sequences of the mammalian glycoprotein hormone (GTH and TSH) receptors, cDNA was cloned from mRNA of ovaries of Asterina pectinifera. The cDNA showed striking structural homology with members of the glycoprotein hormone receptor family in the transmembrane region, and contained a very large extracellular region. Expression was observed in isolated ovarian follicle cells. Thus, it seems likely that the glycoprotein hormone receptor (GTHR) family gene is related to GSS receptor in ovarian follicle cells. The phylogenic relatedness of the starfish GTHR was also assessed in relation to other vertebrate GTHRs. The analysis showed that the starfish gene diverged before differentiation of the gonadotropin (LH and FSH) and TSH receptors in vertebrates.

The rôle of the germinal vesicle in oöcyte maturation in anurans as revealed by the removal and transplantation of nuclei

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-873
Author(s):  
T. A Dettlaff ◽  
L. A. Nikitina ◽  
O. G. Stroeva
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation ◽  
Cerebratulus Lacteus

A Study of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in pre-embryonic development, at maturation stages in particular, is of great interest. During this period oöplasmic segregation takes place, specific properties of the cortex arise, and the cytoplasm obtains information from the oöcyte nucleus which promotes the development of the embryo during all the changes related to fertilization, cleavage and blastulation (Wilson, 1925; Raven, 1961; Brachet, 1957, 1960; Briggs & King, 1959; Neyfakh, 1962). The first data on the rôle of the oöcyte nucleus (germinal vesicle or GV) in cytoplasmic maturation were obtained by Delage (1899, 1901) on the starfish Asterias glacialis, and by Wilson (1903) on the nemertine Cerebratulus lacteus. In both species oöcytes are expelled by the female before the GV dissolves, and mature in sea water. This allowed Delage and Wilson to experiment with oöcytes at different maturation stages.

5-HT causes an increase in cAMP that stimulates, rather than inhibits, oocyte maturation in marine nemertean worms

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1427
Author(s):  
S.A. Stricker ◽  
T.L. Smythe
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intracellular Pathway ◽  
Cerebratulus Lacteus

In the nemertean worms Cerebratulus lacteus and Micrura alaskensis, 5-HT (=5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin) causes prophase-arrested oocytes to mature and complete germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). To identify the intracellular pathway that mediates 5-HT stimulation, follicle-free oocytes of nemerteans were assessed for GVBD rates in the presence or absence of 5-HT after being treated with various modulators of cAMP, a well known transducer of 5-HT signaling and an important regulator of hormone-induced maturation in general. Unlike in many animals where high levels of intra-oocytic cAMP block maturation, treatment of follicle-free nemertean oocytes with agents that elevate cAMP (8-bromo-cAMP, forskolin or inhibitors of phosphodiesterases) triggered GVBD in the absence of added 5-HT. Similarly, 5-HT caused a substantial cAMP increase prior to GVBD in nemertean oocytes that had been pre-injected with a cAMP fluorosensor. Such a rise in cAMP seemed to involve G-protein-mediated signaling and protein kinase A (PKA) stimulation, based on the inhibition of 5-HT-induced GVBD by specific antagonists of these transduction steps. Although the downstream targets of activated PKA remain unknown, neither the synthesis of new proteins nor the activation of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) appeared to be required for GVBD after 5-HT stimulation. Alternatively, pre-incubation in roscovitine, an inhibitor of maturation-promoting factor (MPF), prevented GVBD, indicating that maturing oocytes eventually need to elevate their MPF levels, as has been documented for other animals. Collectively, this study demonstrates for the first time that 5-HT can cause immature oocytes to undergo an increase in cAMP that stimulates, rather than inhibits, meiotic maturation. The possible relationship between such a form of oocyte maturation and that observed in other animals is discussed.

Extrafollicular mediation of oocyte maturation by radial nerve factor in starfish Pisaster ochraceus

Zygote ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen W. Schuetz
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Pisaster Ochraceus ◽  
Ovarian Wall

In starfish ovaries follicle cells that envelop each oocyte are thought to mediate the production of a maturation inducing substance (MIS), identified as 1-methyladenine, that induces maturation and spawning of oocytes after exposure to a gonadotropic substance secreted by the radial nerve (RNF). Studies were carried out to assess the possible role of extrafollicular cells within the ovarian wall in mediating this signal transduction process in the ovary of Pisaster ochraceus. Oocyte maturation and spawning occurred following the addition of RNF to intact ovarian tissue in vitro whereas no maturation occurred following the addition of RNF to germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes or GV oocytes surrounded by follicle cells. In contrast, oocyte maturation occurred when small ovarian wall fragments, lacking mature follicles, were incubated with GV oocytes and RNF. Neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide altered RNF induction of oocyte maturation in the presence of the ovarian wall tissue whereas preheating (boiling water for 5 min) the tissue obliterated its response to RNF. Non-ovarian tissues failed to produce MIS in response to RNF. Results suggest that ovarian components other than the follicle cells that envelop fully grown immature oocyte are responsive to RNF and represent a significant and previously unrecognised intra-ovarian source of MIS.

scholarly journals Effects of puberty and gonadotropins on the molecular events controlling meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Xin-Yan Cao ◽  
Hui-Li Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Li ◽  
Yan-Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Meiotic Progression ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Control Oocyte ◽  
Cytoplasmic Maturation ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinase A

Although studies suggest that the low competence of oocytes from prepubertal animals is due to their insufficient cytoplasmic maturation and that FSH improves oocyte maturation possibly by retarding meiotic progression and allowing more time for cytoplasmic maturation, the mechanisms by which puberty and gonadotropins regulate meiotic progression require additional detailed studies. For the first time, we observed that while meiotic progression was significantly slower, the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity of oocytes was significantly higher in prepubertal than in adult mice. To resolve this contradiction, we specified the molecules regulating the MPF activity and their localization during oocyte maturation in prepubertal and adult mice primed with or without gonadotropins. Our tests using corresponding enzyme regulators suggested that while activities of protein kinase A were unaffected, the activity of adenylate cyclase (ADCY) and phosphodiesterase increased while cell division cycle 2 homolog A (CDC2A) decreased significantly after puberty. While most of the adult oocytes had CDC2A protein concentrated in the germinal vesicle (GV) region, the majority of prepubertal oocytes showed no nuclear concentration of CDC2A. Maximally priming mice with equine chorionic gonadotropin brought the above parameters of prepubertal oocytes close to those in adult oocytes. Together, the results suggest that puberty and gonadotropin control oocyte meiotic progression mainly by regulating the ADCY activity and the concentration of the activated MPF toward the GV region.

scholarly journals Nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions during ovine oocyte maturation

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.Z. Sun ◽  
R.M. Moor
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Nuclear Factors

The present studies have been undertaken to investigate the interactions that occur between the nucleus and cytoplasm of ovine oocytes at various stages during meiotic maturation. We report that the nucleus of ovine fully grown dictyate stage oocytes can be efficiently removed by a microsurgical enucleation procedure. It is demonstrated that between the initiation of maturation and germinal vesicle breakdown certain newly synthesized polypeptides are selectively sequestered in the oocyte nucleus and the major sequestered polypeptide has a relative molecular mass of 28,000, which represent at least 9% of the total labelled polypeptides transferred to the oocyte nucleus during the first 4 h of maturation. The experiments provide evidence that the removal of the oocyte nucleus at various times before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) does not prevent the major series of changes in protein synthesis that occurs after entry into a metaphase. We conclude therefore that the mixing of the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm is not essential for the initiation or progression of the protein reprogramming process during maturation. In addition, the experiments show that the development of the ability to condense chromatin during ovine oocyte maturation is independent of the oocyte nucleus. The combined results strongly support the hypothesis that the extensive series of translational changes that occur in oocytes during maturation are controlled by cytoplasmic rather than nuclear factors.

Role of cyclic AMP in the maturation of Ciona intestinalis oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Silvestre ◽  
Alessandra Gallo ◽  
Annunziata Cuomo ◽  
Tiziana Covino ◽  
Elisabetta Tosti
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown

SummaryImmature oocytes are arrested at prophase I of the meiotic process and maturation onset is indicated by oocyte nuclear disassembly (germinal vesicle breakdown or GVBD). Signaling pathways that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) may either prevent or induce oocyte maturation depending on the species. In some marine invertebrates and, in particular, in ascidian oocytes, cAMP triggers GVBD rather than blocking it. In this paper, we tested different cAMP elevators in fully grown oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage (GV) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. We demonstrated that through the activation of adenylate cyclase or the inhibition and phosphodiesterases the oocyte remained at the GV stage. This effect was reversible as the GV-arrested oocytes, rinsed and incubated in sea water, are able to undergo spontaneous maturation and extrusion of follicle cells. In addition, oocytes acquire the ability to be fertilized and start early development. However, morphology of follicle cells, embryos and larvae from in vitro matured oocytes showed different morphology from those derived from in vivo mature oocytes. The role and the transduction mechanism of cAMP in the regulation of oocyte maturation were discussed. Finally, we indicated a variation of biological mechanisms present in the ascidian species; moreover, we sustain evidence proving that tunicates share some biological mechanisms with vertebrates. This information provided new hints on the importance of ascidians in the evolution of chordates.

PLCz-induced Ca2+ oscillations are enhanced after germinal vesicle breakdown during mouse oocyte maturation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Sanders ◽  
Ethan Bateson ◽  
Yuansong Yu ◽  
Michail Nomikos ◽  
Antony Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Mouse Oocyte ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown
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