scholarly journals The tumor suppressor APC differentially regulates multiple  -catenins through the function of axin and CKI  during C. elegans asymmetric stem cell divisions

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 2771-2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Baldwin ◽  
B. T. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

The role of lin-22, a hairy/enhancer of split homolog, in patterning the peripheral nervous system of C. elegans

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (15) ◽  
pp. 2875-2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Wrischnik ◽  
C.J. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

In C. elegans, six lateral epidermal stem cells, the seam cells V1-V6, are located in a row along the anterior-posterior (A/P) body axis. Anterior seam cells (V1-V4) undergo a fairly simple sequence of stem cell divisions and generate only epidermal cells. Posterior seam cells (V5 and V6) undergo a more complicated sequence of cell divisions that include additional rounds of stem cell proliferation and the production of neural as well as epidermal cells. In the wild type, activity of the gene lin-22 allows V1-V4 to generate their normal epidermal lineages rather than V5-like lineages. lin-22 activity is also required to prevent additional neurons from being produced by one branch of the V5 lineage. We find that the lin-22 gene exhibits homology to the Drosophila gene hairy, and that lin-22 activity represses neural development within the V5 lineage by blocking expression of the posterior-specific Hox gene mab-5 in specific cells. In addition, in order to prevent anterior V cells from generating V5-like lineages, wild-type lin-22 gene activity must inhibit (directly or indirectly) at least five downstream regulatory gene activities. In anterior body regions, lin-22(+) inhibits expression of the Hox gene mab-5. It also inhibits the activity of the achaete-scute homolog lin-32 and an unidentified gene that we postulate regulates stem cell division. Each of these three genes is required for the expression of a different piece of the ectopic V5-like lineages generated in lin-22 mutants. In addition, lin-22 activity prevents two other Hox genes, lin-39 and egl-5, from acquiring new activities within their normal domains of function along the A/P body axis. Some, but not all, of the patterning activities of lin-22 in C. elegans resemble those of hairy in Drosophila.

scholarly journals β-Catenin asymmetry is regulated by PLA1 and retrograde traffic in C. elegans stem cell divisions

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kanamori ◽  
Takao Inoue ◽  
Taro Sakamoto ◽  
Keiko Gengyo-Ando ◽  
Masafumi Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions ◽  
Retrograde Traffic

scholarly journals A hybrid model connecting regulatory interactions with stem cell divisions in the root

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Van den Broeck ◽  
Ryan J. Spurney ◽  
Adam P. Fisher ◽  
Michael Schwartz ◽  
Natalie M. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Niche

Abstract Stem cells give rise to the entirety of cells within an organ. Maintaining stem cell identity and coordinately regulating stem cell divisions is crucial for proper development. In plants, mobile proteins, such as WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) and SHORTROOT (SHR), regulate divisions in the root stem cell niche. However, how these proteins coordinately function to establish systemic behaviour is not well understood. We propose a non-cell autonomous role for WOX5 in the cortex endodermis initial (CEI) and identify a regulator, ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN3)/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1, that coordinates CEI divisions. Here, we show with a multi-scale hybrid model integrating ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and agent-based modeling that quiescent center (QC) and CEI divisions have different dynamics. Specifically, by combining continuous models to describe regulatory networks and agent-based rules, we model systemic behaviour, which led us to predict cell-type-specific expression dynamics of SHR, SCARECROW, WOX5, AN3 and CYCLIND6;1, and experimentally validate CEI cell divisions. Conclusively, our results show an interdependency between CEI and QC divisions.

scholarly journals Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Stem Cell Divisions: An Adaptation against Cancer?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e76195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Shahriyari ◽  
Natalia L. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

scholarly journals Machine Learning of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Divisions from Paired Daughter Cell Expression Profiles Reveals Effects of Aging on Self-Renewal

Cell Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-652.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Arai ◽  
Patrick S. Stumpf ◽  
Yoshiko M. Ikushima ◽  
Kentaro Hosokawa ◽  
Aline Roch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Cell Expression

scholarly journals Monoassociation withLactobacillus plantarumDisrupts Intestinal Homeostasis in AdultDrosophila melanogaster

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fast ◽  
Aashna Duggal ◽  
Edan Foley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

ABSTRACTAdultDrosophila melanogasterraised in the absence of symbiotic bacteria have fewer intestinal stem cell divisions and a longer life span than their conventionally reared counterparts. However, we do not know if increased stem cell divisions are essential for symbiont-dependent regulation of longevity. To determine if individual symbionts cause aging-dependent death inDrosophila, we examined the impacts of common symbionts on host longevity. We found that monoassociation of adultDrosophilawithLactobacillus plantarum, a widely reported fly symbiont and member of the probioticLactobacillusgenus, curtails adult longevity relative to germfree counterparts. The effects ofLactobacillus plantarumon life span were independent of intestinal aging. Instead, we found that association withLactobacillus plantarumcauses an extensive intestinal pathology within the host, characterized by loss of stem cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and a gradual erosion of epithelial ultrastructure. Our study uncovers an unknown aspect ofLactobacillus plantarum-Drosophilainteractions and establishes a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent disruption of intestinal homeostasis.IMPORTANCEUnder homeostatic conditions, gut bacteria provide molecular signals that support the organization and function of the host intestine. Sudden shifts in the composition or distribution of gut bacterial communities impact host receipt of bacterial cues and disrupt tightly regulated homeostatic networks. We used theDrosophila melanogastermodel to determine the effects of prominent fly symbionts on host longevity and intestinal homeostasis. We found that monoassociation withLactobacillus plantarumleads to a loss of intestinal progenitor cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and disruption of gut architecture as flies age. These observations uncover a novel phenotype caused by monoassociation of a germfree host with a common symbiont and establish a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent loss of intestinal homeostasis.

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