X-ray microanalysis of the mid-gut epithelium of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459
Author(s):  
R.L. Tapp
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes

The cells in the mid-gut epithelium of Drosophila melanogaster which accumulate copper were examined by X-ray microanalysis. Both wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive analyses were used. The copper was located in granules o-3-1-o mum in diameter which were bounded by membranes and similar, morphologically, to secondary lysosomes. The copper was associated with high concentrations of sulphur but no other elements with an atomic number greater than 9 (the lower limit of the analysis equipment) were present in appreciable concentrations.

Combined histochemical and x-ray microanalytical studies on the copper-accumulating granules in the mid-gut of larval Drosophila

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
R.L. Tapp ◽  
A. Hockaday
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gut Epithelium

The copper-containing granules in the mid-gut epithelium of larval Drosophila melanogaster were examined for acid phosphatase by combined histochemistry and energy-dispersive, X-ray microanalysis. After incubation, many of the granules were shown to contain simultaneously copper and sulphur (which are normal constituents), and lead and phosphorus (which are the detectable elements of the reaction product). Earlier work has been consolidated and extended and the evidence that the granules are formed as cytolysosomes is reviewed.

Simultaneous determination of trace elements in lavage fluids from human bronchial alveoli by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence. 3. Routine analysis.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2234-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Maier ◽  
A Dietemann-Molard ◽  
F Rastegar ◽  
R Heimburger ◽  
C Ruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract We applied the energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence technique to determination of trace elements in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Our analysis of more than 200 samples allowed us to determine normal reference values, to be used in characterizing occupational exposure. These values are expressed both in nanograms per 1000 cells (of all kinds) and nanograms per 1000 macrophages to correlate lavage efficiency and dust content of the alveoli. The result expressed in milligrams per liter is not sufficient, because some healthy volunteers showed high concentrations of iron but normal values when expressed vs the number of cells. Some examples of abnormal compositions of broncho-alveolar lavages are reported and the fully automated spectrometer developed for clinical and biological investigations is described.

ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS OF FIELD PEAS WITH DIFFERENT COOKING QUALITY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHONG ◽  
S. T. ALI-KHAN ◽  
B. B. CHUBEY ◽  
G. H. GUBBELS
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
High Concentrations

An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analytical method was used to study the freeze-dried powder of seeds of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) with good and poor cooking quality. EDX analysis of the electron-dense particles in the freeze-dried powder revealed the presence of high concentrations of Mg, P, and K, suggesting that the particles were protein bodies. Seeds with different cooking quality were compared with respect to the ratios of these elements in the dense particles. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between these ratios and cooking quality.Key words: Pisum sativum, protein bodies, elemental analysis

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence by the transmission method applied to geological samples

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Simabuco ◽  
V.F. Nascimento Filho
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Absorption Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Absorption Correction

Three certified samples of different matrices (Soil-5, SL-1/IAEA and SARM-4/SABS) were quantitatively analysed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence with radioisotopic excitation. The observed errors were about 10-20% for the majority of the elements and less than 10% for Fe and Zn in the Soil-5, Mn in SL-1, and Ti, Fe and Zn in SARM-4 samples. Annular radioactive sources of Fe-55 and Cd-109 were utilized for the excitation of elements while a Si(Li) semiconductor detector coupled to a multichannel emulation card inserted in a microcomputer was used for the detection of the characteristic X-rays. The fundamental parameters method was used for the determination of elemental sensitivities and the irradiator or transmission method for the correction of the absorption effect of characteristic X-rays of elements on the range of atomic number 22 to 42 (Ti to Mo) and excitation with Cd-109. For elements in the range of atomic number 13 to 23 (Al to V) the irradiator method cannot be applied since samples are not transparent for the incident and emergent X-rays. In order to perform the absorption correction for this range of atomic number excited with Fe-55 source, another method was developed based on the experimental value of the absorption coefficients, associated with absorption edges of the elements.

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry: The basics of x-ray spectrum interpretation

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
Dale E. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Specimen Volume ◽  
Spectrum Interpretation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Basic Level

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) provides the capability for detecting elements with atomic number ≥ 4 (beryllium) from an excited specimen volume with linear dimensions of micrometers and a mass in the picogram range. To maximize the utility of EPMA/EDS, the analyst needs to understand the rich source of information that is potentially available in the x-ray spectrum. At its most basic level, interpretation of the spectrum consists of recognizing and identifying the various components of the spectrum as recorded by the EDS system: characteristic peaks, artifacts, and continuum background. While a modern EDS system is capable of making this interpretation in an automatic fashion, the careful analyst will always check the computer’s interpretation, which of course demands that the analyst be at least as "smart" as the computer! A systematic examination of spectra from pure elements or simple compounds is a good way to develop the necessary working knowledge.

Areas for Improvement in XRF Analysis of Low Atomic Number Elements

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Bruno A.R. Vrebos ◽  
Gjalt T.J. Kuipéres
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Made In

Accurate analysis of the light elements has been, from the early applications of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry a struggle compared to the determination of heavy elements in the same matrices. In contrast, there has been virtually no upper limit to the atomic number of the element that could be determined. The lower limit, however, has been continuously adjusted downward through the years. Clearly, the sensitivity as well as the lower limit of detection for the heavy elements have also been improved, but the effect is Jess striking than the advances made in the region of tight element performance. This paper deals specifically with wavelength dispersive sequential x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, although some of the observations made are equally applicable to energy dispersive spectrometry.

Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy: Escape peaks of some biomaterials in the light-element region

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
Susan J. Okerstrom
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
High Corrosion Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
Pacemaker Electrodes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Electrical Conductors

The phenomena of escape peaks is well known, but caution must be exercised to avoid confusion in peak identification. A summary of our experiences with certain escape peaks may be useful to others.In biomedical devices, metal components are often used in pure elemental form or as alloys with high concentrations of a particular element. Noble metals such as gold, platinum and iridium are commonly used in pacemaker components. These metals are body compatible, have high corrosion resistance and are good electrical conductors. Pacemaker electrodes are commonly made of platinum, used alone or alloyed with about 10% iridium. These materials are routinely analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS).While analyzing platinum electrodes at 20 keV with the Beryllium window open, it was noted that an unexpected peak was seen in the spectrum near where carbon would be expected at 0.310 keV. The same peak was noted when the Be window was closed (figure 1). It was first thought to be a detector problem.

K shell absorption jump ratios and jump factor measurements for some elements in the range of 40 ≤ Z ≤ 50

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-790
Author(s):  
A. Turşucu
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Semiconductor Detector ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Number Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edxrf Technique ◽  
Experimental Values

In this study, K shell absorption jump ratios (JK) and jump factors (rK) of specimens in the atomic number range of 40 ≤ Z ≤ 50 were measured using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. Related specimens were excited using 59.54 keV γ-photons that were radiated from a 241Am point source. Typical K X-rays emitting from specimens were detected from silicon drifted lithium (Si(Li)) semiconductor detector. Derived JK and rK values of related specimens were compared with calculated theoretical and other experimental values. The agreement of measured values was reasonable with theoretical calculations.

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