scholarly journals Cell hybridization and cell agglutination. II. Enhancement of cell hybridization by polycations

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuya ◽  
I. Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
Cell Hybridization ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Peg Treatment

An efficient technique for hybridization of mammalian cells was developed by combining agglutination by pretreatment with polycations, such as polyarginine, and conventional polyethylene glycol(PEG)-mediated cell fusion. Polyarginine and subsequent PEG treatment resulted in markedly decreased viability in the treated cells, but addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone or glycerol to the polyarginine prevented this cytotoxicity. Polyarginine was much more effective than polylysine or polyornithine in inducing hybridization. Other polycations, including polybrene and protamine but not DEAE-dextran, were also active in inducing hybridization. The condition of the cells at the time of polycation treatment was an important factor in the enhancement of hybridization. The condition of the cells at the time of polycation treatment was an important factor in the enhancement of hybridization. The enhancement of hybridization of cells in monolayer incubated for 2 h was much higher than that of cells incubated for 24 h. These findings suggest that polycations do not necessarily operate by agglutinating cells. The mechanism of polycation-enhanced cell hybridization is discussed.

Cell hybridization and cell agglutination. I. Enhancement of cell hybridization by lectins

1985 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuya ◽  
I. Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Cell Hybridization ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Conventional Cell

A great increase in hybridization frequency of cultured rodent cells was obtained when conventional cell fusion using 50% polyethylene glycol (PEG) was combined with a cell agglutination produced by plant lectins. The rate of appearance of hybrid colonies was found to be correlated with the extent of cell agglutination by lectin, as well as with cell fusion induced by subsequent PEG treatment. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), wheat germ agglutinin, Wistaria floribunda agglutinin and concanavalin A were all active; the most effective was PHA. When parental cells in a monolayer were treated with PHA followed by PEG, the resulting hybridization frequency was very low because of markedly decreased viability, whereas the same cells in suspension yielded hybrid colonies at a higher rate. These results suggest that the enhancement of hybridization by PHA/PEG treatment was brought about by the ability of lectin to agglutinate cells.

Studies of membrane fusion. III. Fusion of erythrocytes with polyethylene glycol

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
S. Knutton
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Freeze Fracture Electron Microscopy

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy has been used to investigate the mechanism of polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion. Interaction of cells with the high concentrations of polyethylene glycol required for cell fusion results in cell agglutination with large planar areas of very close contact between adjacent cell membranes. An aggregation of intramembrane particles into large patches at the sites of cell-cell contact accompanies cell agglutination. Fusion occurs following the removal of most of the PEG when cells only remain in close contact at small (approximately 0.1 micrometer diameter) plaques of smooth membrane resulting in cells connected by one (or more) small cytoplasmic connexions. Expansion to form spherical fused cells occurs by a process of cell swelling.

Membrane alterations and other morphological features associated with polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
J.M. Robinson ◽  
D.S. Roos ◽  
R.L. Davidson ◽  
M.J. Karnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Neighbouring Cell ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Entire Cell

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) induces rapid fusion of LM cells. Membrane fusion, as detected by formation of pentalaminar membrane arrays, occurs as early as 1 min after PEG treatment. The entire cell surface arrears to be capable of fusion since fusion occurs in regions where pseudopodia make contact with each other or with a neighbouring cell body and also in areas where cells are in contact along their entire periphery. Cytoskeletal components showed no apparent deleterious effect from PEG treatment or subsequent cell fusion as determined by thin-section EM. Freeze-fracture of monolayer cultures reveals a thermotropic rearrangement of intramembranous particles following PEG treatment.

Polyethylene glycol-induced mammalian cell hybridization: Effect of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and concentration

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Davidson ◽  
Kathleen A. O'Malley ◽  
Thomas B. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Cell Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Effect

Studies of membrane fusion. I. Paramyxovirus-induced cell fusion, a scanning electron-microscope study

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
S. Knutton ◽  
D. Jackson ◽  
M. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Cell Cell

Fusion of erythrocytes and HeLa cells with Sendai and Newcastle disease viruses has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Most virus particles are spherical but vary in diameter from approximately 200 to approximately 600 nm. At 4 degrees C virus particles bind randomly to the cell surface and at high cell densities cross-linking of adjacent cells by virus particles results in cell agglutination. Cell-cell fusion takes place when the agglutinated cell suspension is warmed to 37 degrees C. Fusion is initiated at sites of cell-cell contact and is accompanied in all cases by cell swelling. In the case of suspension HeLa cells, virally mediated cell swelling involves an ‘unfolding’ of cell surface microvilli and results in the formation of smooth-surfaced single or fused cells. With erythrocytes, swelling results in haemolysis. There is a dramatic reduction in the numbers of virus particles bound to cells following fusion.

PEG-induced Drought Stress in Plants: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 6173-6178
Author(s):  
Shreyas Rajeswar ◽  
Narasimhan S
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Effective Model ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Significant Factors

Drought is one of the most commonly faced significant factors that impede plant productivity and growth. Especially in the context of agriculture, crop productivity and sustainable farming are most adversely affected by water shortage conditions caused by drought. Plants have several adaptations to respond to such conditions, both physiological as well as metabolic. An understanding of these adaptations is essential to develop a biotechnological solution to the problem of drought-related crop losses across the globe. This review addresses the various changes that plants undergo when subjected PEG (Polyethylene glycol). Various drought stress markers are associated with PEG induced stress are expressed in the biochemistry, physiology, photosynthesis and metabolism of the plant. Therefore PEG treatment in plants are considered as an effective model for drought stress investigation.

Fabrication of Silver Nanostructures by Microwave-Assisted Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Yun Rui Hu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yong You Hu ◽  
Chen Lai ◽  
Ting Fei Xi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Silver Nanostructures ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Ag Nanowires ◽  
Microwave Assisted Method

With polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizer and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as reducer, silver nanostructures were synthesized by microwave-assisted method. The morphology, size and crystal structure of silver (Ag) nanostructures were investigated by SEM and XRD. The results showed that the Ag nanostructures could change from nanoparticles to nanowires by introducing Cl-. The growth speed of nanowires could be controlled by changing the reaction power, thus Ag nanorods and Ag nanowires with different length could be obtained.

Grafting polyethylene glycol dicrylate (PEGDA) to cell walls of poplar wood in two steps for improving dimensional stability and durability of the wood polymer composite

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 919-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youming Dong ◽  
Kaili Wang ◽  
Yutao Yan ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Jianzhang Li
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Peg Treatment

Abstract Polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment is an effective approach to endow wood with higher dimensional stability (DS), which is still a concern under humid conditions. In this study, poplar wood was first treated with methacryloyl chloride to introduce methacryl groups in the cell wall. Then functional PEG served as modifier, and copolymerization was conducted in the second step to prepare PEG-diacrylate (PEGDA) modified samples. The resultant wood polymer composites (WPCs) were characterized by solid state NMR, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physical and mechanical properties of the WPCs were also evaluated, such as anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), water uptake, dynamic hydrophilicity (contact angles), and thermal stability. The results show that the copolymerized WPC achieved 51.4% ASE with leaching <3.0%. Moreover, the surface hardness and water resistance of the wood are also greatly improved.

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