scholarly journals Accelerated Metamorphosis of Frog Tadpoles by Injections of Extract of Anterior Lobe Pituitary Gland and the Administration of Iodine

1924 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
E. A. SPAUL
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Rapid Transformation

1. Acceleration of the metamorphosis of frog tadpoles is induced by injections of commercial extracts of the anterior lobe pituitary gland extract. 2. The acceleration of metamorphosis produced by iodine in solution in suitable concentrations is not so great as that produced by injections of the anterior pituitary extract. 3. Further increase in the acceleration occurs when the injected specimens are kept in suitable concentrations of iodine solution. 4. The sequence of changes is similar to that observed in the accelerated transformation of tadpoles produced by thyroid or iodine diet. 5. The highest mortality, greatest reduction in size, and most rapid transformation occurs in the highest concentration of iodine, and this is still greater in injected animals kept in iodine solutions. 6. The younger the tadpole the less chance is there of completing metamorphosis under the accelerating stimulus of injected anterior lobe or iodine. 7. There is a paling effect after initial injection less marked in older specimens which is possibly due to inhibiting influence on the posterior lobe of excess of anterior lobe secretion. Idoine has no definite pigment action. 8. Iodine appears to act independently of the anterior lobe injection in the tadpole, the acceleration being apparently the sum of their separate actions.

Immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein within the prolactin-producing cells of the rat anterior pituitary gland

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kizuki ◽  
A. Kitagawa ◽  
M. Takahashi ◽  
H. Moriya ◽  
M. Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The localization of tissue kallikrein in the pituitary gland of rats was investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using antiserum against rat urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein-positive cells were detected in the anterior lobe of the pituitary of both male and female rats, but were not observed in the posterior lobe of the pituitary in either sex. The kallikrein-positive cells in the anterior pituitary of female rats in oestrus were found to correspond to the prolactin-producing cells, whereas the cells producing GH, LH and ACTH were negative for kallikrein. It is possible, therefore, that the tissue kallikrein may be involved in the production of prolactin and not that of the other anterior pituitary hormones, such as GH, LH, FSH, ACTH and TSH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 317–323

On the content of prolan in the pituitary gland

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
P. Badul
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in a bull is free of prolan, while in a human it contains prolan. Only here it can be found in that part of the posterior pituitary lobe adjacent to the anterior lobe. In the bull, too, this part of the pituitary gland is completely free of prolan content. Histological examination shows that in humans, this part of the posterior lobe is crossed by bands of cells from the anterior lobe, which consist exclusively of basophilic cells.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical demonstration of tissue-type plasminogen activator in endocrine cells of the rat pituitary gland.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kristensen ◽  
L S Nielsen ◽  
J Grøndahl-Hansen ◽  
P B Andresen ◽  
L I Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Rat Pituitary

We immunocytochemically stained rat pituitary glands using antibodies against plasminogen activators of the tissue type (t-PA) and the urokinase type (u-PA). A large population of endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the gland displayed intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with anti-t-PA. In some areas of the intermediate lobe we found a weak staining, and we observed weakly staining granular structures in the posterior lobe. Controls included absorption of the antibodies with highly purified t-PA. In addition, SDS PAGE followed by immunoblotting of pituitary gland extracts revealed only one band with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of t-PA when stained with anti-t-PA IgG. No u-PA immunoreactivity was detected in the rat pituitary gland. Sequential staining experiments using antibodies against growth hormone and t-PA demonstrated that the t-PA-immunoreactive cells constitute a large subpopulation of the growth hormone-containing cells. These findings represent the first direct evidence for the presence of t-PA in cell types other than endothelial cells in the intact normal organism. In this article we discuss the implications of the results for a possible role of t-PA in the posttranslational processing of prohormones.

Degradation of Insulin-I131 by an Extract of Anterior Pituitary Gland

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Narahara ◽  
R. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Incubation Mixture ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Insulin Molecule

When insulin-I131 was incubated at 37°C and pH 7.5 with an extract of beef anterior pituitary, the radioactive material was rendered more soluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Electrophoretic analysis of the TCA-soluble reaction product revealed that it was not free iodide. The concept that pituitary extract might contain a system capable of attacking the insulin molecule was strengthened by the observation that the addition of nonlabeled insulin to the incubation mixture decreased the rate of degradation of insulin-I131. The degradative system of beef anterior pituitary extract was found to be nondialyzable and heat-labile. The degradation of insulin by pituitary extracts may help to explain the observation of other workers that such extracts can inactivate insulin in vitro.

Discovery of the luteinizing hormone of the anterior pituitary gland

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. E818-E819 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maurice Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Luteinizing Hormones ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Classic Paper

This essay looks at the historical significance of an APS classic paper that is freely available online: Fevold HL, Hisaw FL, Leonard SL. The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis. Am J Physiol 97: 291—301, 1931 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/97/2/291 ).

scholarly journals Role of PROP1 in Pituitary Gland Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Ward ◽  
Lori T. Raetzman ◽  
Hoonkyo Suh ◽  
Brandon M. Stone ◽  
Igor O. Nasonkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Rathke’S Pouch ◽  
Rathke's Pouch ◽  
Pituitary Hyperplasia ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Pituitary Hypoplasia

Abstract Mutations in the PROP1 transcription factor gene lead to reduced production of thyrotropin, GH, prolactin, and gonadotropins as well as to pituitary hypoplasia in adult humans and mice. Some PROP1-deficient patients initially exhibit pituitary hyperplasia that resolves to hypoplasia. To understand this feature and to explore the mechanism whereby PROP1 regulates anterior pituitary gland growth, we carried out longitudinal studies in normal and Prop1-deficient dwarf mice from early embryogenesis through adulthood, examining the volume of Rathke’s pouch and its derivatives, the position and number of dividing cells, the rate of apoptosis, and cell migration by pulse labeling. The results suggest that anterior pituitary progenitors normally leave the perilumenal region of Rathke’s pouch and migrate to form the anterior lobe as they differentiate. Some of the cells that seed the anterior lobe during organogenesis have proliferative potential, supporting the expansion of the anterior lobe after birth. Prop1-deficient fetal pituitaries are dysmorphic because mutant cells are retained in the perilumenal area and fail to differentiate. After birth, mutant pituitaries exhibit enhanced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, apparently because the mutant anterior lobe is not seeded with progenitors. These studies suggest a mechanism for Prop1 action and an explanation for some of the clinical findings in human patients.

scholarly journals Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia Impair the Cytological Structure of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
Ahmed MR Abdo ◽  
Mohamed E El-Beeh ◽  
Sameer H. Qari ◽  
Dina A El-badry ◽  
Hassan IH El-Sayyad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Cytological Picture

Increase consumption of high fat diet was found to alter blood sugar level similar to diabetes and contributed to the development of obesity and affected the reproductive function of both sexes. The study aimed to clarify the influence of diabetes and or hypercholesterolemia on the cytological picture of cells of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland of male albino rats. Eighteen male albino rats weighing approximately 120 gram body weight were divided into three main groups; control, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes (single i.p. 40 mg streptozotocin/kg B.wt plus 100mg. nicotinamide /kg body weight) and hypercholesterolemia (diet containing 3% cholesterol). Dietary feeding on cholesterol and diabetes were carried out for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and pituitary glands were separated and their anterior lobe was processed for cytological investigations by transmission electron microscopy. The present study revealed that the rats subjected to experimental diabetes and/ or hypercholesterolemia exhibited a decrease of the secretory granules within the gonadotroph cells somatotroph and corticotrophin cells. There was a detected intracellular accumulation of fat globules in both the gonado- and sommatotroph cells. The authors reported that the altered cytological structures of the secretory function of the anterior pituitary gland led to marked impairment of the male hormonal level and causing infertility.

The value of the anterior pituitary gland in gynecology

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152-1153
Author(s):  
J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Early Puberty

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland in infantile animals leads to a cessation of the development of the gonads and growth, as well as to a number of metabolic changes. As shown by relevant studies, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces a hormone that gives a powerful impulse to the sex glands and causes all the phenomena of early puberty in infantile animals for several days.

To the doctrine of pituitary hormones

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
V. S.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Uterine Muscle

W. Lampe (Wiener kl. Woch., 1926, No. 1) prepared from the posterior lobe of the human pituitary gland, by extraction with acetone, a dry preparation, which in its effect on blood pressure, diuresis and uterine muscle was similar to the pituitary extract obtained from the pars posterior hypophysis of animals.

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