Does reflection polarization by plants influence colour perception in insects? Polarimetric measurements applied to a polarization-sensitive model retina ofPapiliobutterflies

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (21) ◽  
pp. 3281-3298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
József Gál ◽  
Thomas Labhart ◽  
Rüdiger Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Reflecting Surfaces ◽  
Plant Surfaces

SUMMARYUsing imaging polarimetry, we have measured some typical reflection-polarization patterns of plant surfaces (leaves and flowers) under different illuminations. Using a quantitative model to determine photon absorptions in the weakly polarization-sensitive (PS≈2)photoreceptors of Papilio butterflies, we have calculated the influence of reflection polarization on the colours of leaves and flowers perceived by Papilio. Compared with a retina containing polarization-blind colour receptors, the colour loci of specularly reflecting and, thus, strongly polarizing areas on a plant are slightly shifted, which could cause the perception of false colours. However, the colour of specularly reflecting surfaces is strongly masked by white glare, which may prevent the perception of polarization-induced hue shifts. Although the perception of polarizational false colours by Papilio butterflies was previously demonstrated with artificial, strongly colour-saturated and totally linearly polarized stimuli, we expect that the weak polarization sensitivity of Papilio photoreceptors hardly influences colour perception under natural conditions.

scholarly journals Why do horseflies need polarization vision for host detection? Polarization helps tabanid flies to select sunlit dark host animals from the dark patches of the visual environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 170735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Horváth ◽  
Tamás Szörényi ◽  
Ádám Pereszlényi ◽  
Balázs Gerics ◽  
Ramón Hegedüs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Host Detection ◽  
Vegetation Region ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Polarization Of Light

Horseflies (Tabanidae) are polarotactic, being attracted to linearly polarized light when searching for water or host animals. Although it is well known that horseflies prefer sunlit dark and strongly polarizing hosts, the reason for this preference is unknown. According to our hypothesis, horseflies use their polarization sensitivity to look for targets with higher degrees of polarization in their optical environment, which as a result facilitates detection of sunlit dark host animals. In this work, we tested this hypothesis. Using imaging polarimetry, we measured the reflection–polarization patterns of a dark host model and a living black cow under various illumination conditions and with different vegetation backgrounds. We focused on the intensity and degree of polarization of light originating from dark patches of vegetation and the dark model/cow. We compared the chances of successful host selection based on either intensity or degree of polarization of the target and the combination of these two parameters. We show that the use of polarization information considerably increases the effectiveness of visual detection of dark host animals even in front of sunny–shady–patchy vegetation. Differentiation between a weakly polarizing, shady (dark) vegetation region and a sunlit, highly polarizing dark host animal increases the efficiency of host search by horseflies.

Polarization vision in cuttlefish in a concealed communication channel?

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (9) ◽  
pp. 2077-2084
Author(s):  
N Shashar ◽  
P Rutledge ◽  
T Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Polarization Vision ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Polarization Pattern ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Electron Microscopical

Polarization sensitivity is well documented in marine animals, but its function is not yet well understood. Of the cephalopods, squid and octopus are known to be sensitive to the orientation of polarization of incoming light. This sensitivity arises from the orthogonal orientation of neighboring photoreceptors. Electron microscopical examination of the retina of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis L. revealed the same orthogonal structure, suggesting that cuttlefish are also sensitive to linearly polarized light. Viewing cuttlefish through an imaging polarized light analyzer revealed a prominent polarization pattern on the arms, around the eyes and on the forehead of the animals. The polarization pattern disappeared when individuals lay camouflaged on the bottom and also during extreme aggression display, attacks on prey, copulation and egg-laying behavior in females. In behavioral experiments, the responses of cuttlefish to their images reflected from a mirror changed when the polarization patterns of the reflected images were distorted. These results suggest that cuttlefish use polarization vision and display for intraspecific recognition and communication.

scholarly journals No evidence for polarization sensitivity in the pigeon electroretinogram

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Vos Hzn ◽  
M A J M Coemans ◽  
J F W Nuboer
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Unpolarized Light ◽  
Linearly Polarized

The electroretinographical response to flashes of linearly polarized light directed at the pigeon's yellow field was compared with that to flashes of unpolarized light. This was carried out for white light and for monochromatic light of various wavelengths, including ultraviolet. In addition, responses to slow rotation of the E-vector of polarized light were measured. Neither the presence or absence of polarization, nor the orientation of the E-vector, influenced any of the electrophysiological variables that were monitored in these experiments.

Detection of the Plane of Polarization of 121 keV Linearly Polarized Photons

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (20) ◽  
pp. 2612-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Spectroscopy ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Polarized Photons

The polarization sensitivity of a 3 mm × 8 mm × 25 mm Si(Li) detector has been investigated with linearly polarized 121 keV photons. The results indicate that such detectors can serve a useful role in nuclear spectroscopy.

scholarly journals The linearly polarized light field in clear, tropical marine waters: spatial and temporal variation of light intensity, degree of polarization and e-vector angle

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (14) ◽  
pp. 2461-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cronin ◽  
Nadav Shashar
Keyword(s):  
Light Field ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Vector Angle

SUMMARYSensitivity to polarized light is widespread among marine animals, including crustaceans, cephalopods and some fishes. They use this ability to orient and find prey, and possibly for a number of other visual tasks. Unlike the ultraviolet-sensitive polarization receptors of most insects, the polarization receptors of marine invertebrates tend to be maximally sensitive near 500nm, suggesting that polarized light in water differs from that in air. The underwater field of partially linearly polarized light has been studied for nearly 50 years, but data are still limited and sparse. We measured the submarine polarized light field from 350 to 600nm throughout the day on a coral reef in the Florida Keys at a depth of 15m using the underwater laboratory Aquarius as a research platform. Our results show that the angle of polarization as viewed along any given line of sight at this depth is a relatively simple function of solar position and that the degree of polarization is greatest 60–90° from the sun. Both e-vector angle and degree of polarization vary only slightly with wavelength, although light is sometimes less polarized in the ultraviolet. Since light is most intense at medium wavelengths and polarization is nearly maximal at these wavelengths, invertebrate polarization photoreceptors are spectrally well placed. Also, the relative spectral constancy of the angle and degree of polarization supports fish polarization sensitivity, which relies on spectrally diverse photoreceptor sets.

scholarly journals Polarization-Sensitive Light Sensors Based on a Bulk Perovskite MAPbBr3 Single Crystal

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Laipan Zhu ◽  
Cuifeng Du
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Polarization ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Anisotropy Ratio ◽  
Spin Orbit Coupling ◽  
Band Tail ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Shed Light

Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have attracted much attention thanks to their excellent optoelectronic performances. Here, a bulk CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) single crystal (SC) was fabricated, whose temperature and light polarization dependence was investigated by measuring photoluminescence. The presence of obvious band tail states was unveiled when the applied temperature was reduced from room temperature to 78 K. Temperature dependence of the bandgap of the MAPbBr3 SC was found to be abnormal compared with those of traditional semiconductors due to the presence of instabilization of out-of-phase tail states. The MAPbBr3 SC revealed an anisotropy light absorption for linearly polarized light with an anisotropy ratio of 1.45, and a circular dichroism ratio of up to 9% was discovered due to the spin-orbit coupling in the band tail states, exhibiting great polarization sensitivity of the MAPbBr3 SC for the application of light sensors. These key findings shed light on the development of potential optoelectronic and spintronic applications based on large-scaled organic-inorganic perovskite SCs.

Polarization Demodulation: A New Approach to the Reduction of Polarization Artifacts from Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectra

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer D. Lipp ◽  
Carl G. Zimba ◽  
Laurence A. Nafie ◽  
D. Warren Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Vibrational Circular Dichroism ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Polarization Modulation ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Photoelastic Modulator ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm

In vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) measurements and other polarization modulation techniques, artifact signals often arise due to polarization sensitivity of the optical components located subsequent to the sample. In this paper, we describe a method for demodulating the light beam after passage through the sample in such a manner that only one linearly polarized state is allowed to reach the detector, thus eliminating these artifacts. The method is a beam reversal technique in which the light subsequent to the sample is redirected through the photoelastic modulator in such a way that the retardation produced on the first traversal through the modulator is removed. The light is returned to its original state of linear polarization prior to detection. The method is applicable to Fourier transform as well as to dispersive spectrometers since demodulation is effected for all wavelengths simultaneously. The results of preliminary demodulation experiments are presented and found to be more than 90% efficient in removing circular dichroism intensity of a birefringent origin.

scholarly journals THE ORIENTATION OF THE E-VECTOR OF LINEARLY POLARIZED LIGHT DOES NOT AFFECT THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE PIGEON COLUMBA LIVIA

1994 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Coemans ◽  
J Hzn ◽  
J Nuboer
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Light Polarization ◽  
Homing Pigeon ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Polarization Sensitivity ◽  
Directional Response ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Vector Orientation ◽  
Indirect Reference

Orientation with reference to the time-compensated sun-azimuth compass has been established for the homing pigeon Columba livia. Previous qualitative studies claim that pigeons are sensitive to the orientation of a polarizer and it has been suggested that these animals are able to use sky-light polarization as an indirect reference to the sun's position when the latter is shielded from view. We report experiments which were undertaken to quantify the sensitivity of the homing pigeon to the orientation of linearly polarized light. The results of our initial experiments suggested that the animals responded to secondary cues. Further experiments were carried out to avoid such artefacts. Under circumstances where secondary cues were rigorously avoided, we were, however, not able to demonstrate any directional response that was caused by the E-vector orientation of the illumination. These results throw doubt on the suggested polarization-sensitivity of birds in general.

Quantitative Model-Based Image Analysis of NuMa Distribution Links Nuclear Organization with Cell Phenotype

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
David W. Knowles ◽  
Sophie A. Lelièvre ◽  
Carlos Ortiz de Solόrzano ◽  
Stephen J. Lockett ◽  
Mina J. Bissell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Organization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Model Based

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in directing cell behaviour and morphogenesis by regulating gene expression and nuclear organization. Using non-malignant (S1) human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), it was previously shown that ECM-induced morphogenesis is accompanied by the redistribution of nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein from a diffuse pattern in proliferating cells, to a multi-focal pattern as HMECs growth arrested and completed morphogenesis . A process taking 10 to 14 days.To further investigate the link between NuMA distribution and the growth stage of HMECs, we have investigated the distribution of NuMA in non-malignant S1 cells and their malignant, T4, counter-part using a novel model-based image analysis technique. This technique, based on a multi-scale Gaussian blur analysis (Figure 1), quantifies the size of punctate features in an image. Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of a reconstituted basement membrane (rBM) and imaged in 3D using confocal microscopy, for fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies to NuMA (fαNuMA) and fluorescently labeled total DNA.

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