scholarly journals Uncertainty estimation in railway track life-cycle cost: a case study from Swedish National Rail Administration

2008 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Patra ◽  
P Söderholm ◽  
U Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Support

Life-cycle cost (LCC) is used as a cost-effective decision support for maintenance of railway track infrastructure. However, a fair degree of uncertainty associated with the estimation of LCC is due to the statistical characteristics of reliability and maintainability parameters. This paper presents a methodology for estimation of uncertainty linked with LCC, by a combination of design of experiment and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed methodology is illustrated by a case study of Banverket (Swedish National Rail Administration). The paper also includes developed maintenance cost models for track.

scholarly journals Dimensioning reserve bus fleet using life cycle cost models and condition based/predictive maintenance: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Raposo ◽  
José Torres Farinha ◽  
Luís Ferreira ◽  
Diego Galar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Cost Models

scholarly journals Development of an Energy Saving Strategy Model for Retrofitting Existing Buildings: A Korean Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwonsik Song ◽  
Yonghan Ahn ◽  
Joseph Ahn ◽  
Nahyun Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Proposed Model

The building sector accounts for approximately 40% of national energy consumption, contributing to the environmental crisis of global warming. Using energy saving measures (e.g., improved thermal insulation, highly energy-efficient electrical and mechanical systems) provides opportunities to reduce energy consumption in existing buildings. Furthermore, if the life cycle cost (i.e., installation, operation and maintenance cost) of the measures is considered with their energy saving potential, it is possible to establish a cost-effective energy retrofit plan. Therefore, this research develops an energy saving strategy model considering its saving potential and life cycle cost of the measures for reducing energy consumption in existing buildings. To test the validity of the proposed model, a case study is carried out on an educational facility in South Korea, in response to its overconsumption of energy. The results demonstrate that in terms of energy saving and life cycle cost, the optimal energy retrofit plan is more cost-effective than the existing plan. Also, the break-even point for the optimal energy retrofit plan is within five years, and then revenue from energy saving continually occurs until 2052. For energy retrofit of existing buildings, using the proposed model would enable building owners to maximize energy savings while minimizing the life cycle cost.

Suitability of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) as asset management tools for institutional buildings

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Shankar Kshirsagar ◽  
Mohamed A. El‐Gafy ◽  
Tariq Sami Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for institutional (higher education) buildings as a predictor of actual realised facility costs.Design/methodology/approachResearch methodology includes a comprehensive literature review to identify issues, best practices and implementation of LCCA in the construction industry. A case study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of LCCA in predicting facility costs.FindingsNotwithstanding the benefits of LCCA, its adoption has been relatively slow for institutional buildings. The case study revealed that the average difference between estimated and actual construction cost is 37 per cent, whereas the average difference between the actual and estimated maintenance cost is 48 per cent. There is an average difference of 85 per cent in the actual and estimated administration cost.Research limitations/implicationsWhile limited to a few buildings, the case study underscores that LCCA methods should not be used for cost predictions of facility performance but rather for comparing total costs of alternative building features and systems, as well as building types. Sensitivity analysis also revealed that the selection of a discount rate would have less impact on recurring costs estimates compared to non‐recurring cost estimates. Facilities managers' involvement in LCCA technique developments and implementations will likely improve its performance during programming phases.Practical implicationsThe value of LCCA procedures is limited as a predictor of actual realised facility costs. Educational institutions can use the methods described in this paper to replicate the study and arrive at their own conclusions regarding the LCCA techniques and their potential use in programming stages.Originality/valueThe paper evaluated the accuracy of LCCA for institutional buildings and the potential of LCCA as an asset management tool for institutional buildings and provided suggestions to improve its adoption in facilities management.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost Before, During and After the Design of Aircraft Propulsion Systems

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
The Subject

Military engine manufacturers have been given a new set of ground rules by the Department of Defense and Congress when they vie for engine contracts. The manufacturers must establish that their engines are Life Cycle Cost (LCC) effective. This directive has resulted in engine manufacturers developing life cycle cost models, including airframes, to account for an overall weapons system. Once the model has been developed, it can be expanded allowing parametric studies of the engine/airframe system thereby developing a cost effective system. The Aircraft Engine Group of General Electric has developed such an LCC computerized model. This paper discusses various applications of the subject model as applied to an engine program before the design is finalized, during the detail design phase, and after the engine has been placed in production. The paper also includes examples of these applications of the model.

scholarly journals A Holistic Framework for Supporting Maintenance and Asset Management Life Cycle Decisions for Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki Ayu ◽  
Akilu Yunusa-Kaltungo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Systematic Framework ◽  
Total Life

The outburst of population as well as increasing industrialisation have triggered a very prominent imbalance between electricity demand and supply in emerging economies such as Indonesia. Based on this premise, electricity generation and distribution firms such as Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) are faced with an urgent need to enhance availability and reliability through capacity expansion as well as the institutionalisation of cost-effective maintenance and asset management (MAM) principles. Some of the principles recommended here involve embedding customised overall health index (OHI) and total life cycle cost (LCC) estimation principles into engineering decisions that relate to asset renewal and/or replacement. While discussions about the fundamental theories and estimation approaches for OHI and LCC for power transformers (PTs) already exist in the current body of literature, however, they are mostly in a generic form which has somewhat limited proper implementation of these valuable principles in practice. This study is unique because it provides a very systematic framework towards achieving cost-effective MAM through a case study. Additionally, the proposed framework is all-encompassing, as it also assesses the impacts of human unreliability through the application or proven risk assessment techniques. The proposed framework commences with the evaluation of existing decision support system at PLN through a MAM audit, whereby the performance of the West Java arm of PLN with regards to critical MAM elements was examined.

scholarly journals Life cycle cost analysis for the top-of-rail friction-modifier application: A case study from the Swedish iron ore line

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Khan ◽  
Jan Lundberg ◽  
Christer Stenström
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Friction Modifiers ◽  
Friction Modifier ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Board System

The application of top-of-rail friction modifiers (TOR-FMs) is claimed by their manufacturers as a well-established technique for minimising the damages in the wheel–rail interface. There are various methods for applying friction modifiers at the wheel–rail interface, among which stationary wayside systems are recommended by TOR-FM manufacturers when a distance of a few kilometres is to be covered. An on-board system is recommended when an area of many kilometres has to be covered and focus is more on particular trains. Trafikverket in Sweden is considering the implementation of the TOR-FM technology on the iron ore line. Directly implementing such technology can be inappropriate and expensive, because the life cycle cost of a TOR-FM system has never been assessed for the conditions of the iron ore line. In the present study, the life cycle cost is calculated for wayside and on-board application systems, by taking inputs from the research performed on iron ore line. The present research has taken the iron ore line as a case study, but the results will be applicable to other infrastructure with similar conditions. The results have shown that the wayside equipment is economically unfeasible for the iron ore line. In this case, the life cycle cost increases by 4% when the friction modifier is applied on all curves with a radius smaller than 550 m and by 19% when the friction modifier is applied on all curves with a radius smaller than 850 m. The on-board system used in this study is shown to be economically feasible, as it has a significantly lower operation and maintenance cost than the wayside equipment. The reduction in the maintenance (grinding and rail replacement) cost when the cost of the friction modifier application is added is 27% when the friction modifier is applied on curves with a radius smaller than 550 m and 23% when the friction modifier is applied on curves with a radius smaller than 850 m.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Electricity Production: A Comparative Study of Coal-Fired, Biomass, and Wind Power in China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Xueliang Yuan ◽  
Leping Chen ◽  
Xuerou Sheng ◽  
Mengyue Liu ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
External Cost ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity

Economic cost is decisive for the development of different power generation. Life cycle cost (LCC) is a useful tool in calculating the cost at all life stages of electricity generation. This study improves the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) model as the LCC calculation methods from three aspects, including considering the quantification of external cost, expanding the compositions of internal cost, and discounting power generation. The improved LCOE model is applied to three representative kinds of power generation, namely, coal-fired, biomass, and wind power in China, in the base year 2015. The external cost is quantified based on the ReCiPe model and an economic value conversion factor system. Results show that the internal cost of coal-fired, biomass, and wind power are 0.049, 0.098, and 0.081 USD/kWh, separately. With the quantification of external cost, the LCCs of the three are 0.275, 0.249, and 0.081 USD/kWh, respectively. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the discount rate and five cost factors, namely, the capital cost, raw material cost, operational and maintenance cost (O&M cost), other annual costs, and external costs. The results provide a quantitative reference for decision makings of electricity production and consumption.

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