Paper 1: Practices in the Domestic Field

The paper briefly sketches the background to domestic heating in Britain from Roman times to contemporary awareness of the desirability of better heating. The extent of the domestic market now awaiting satisfaction, and the influences of fuel policy are discussed. The effect of contemporary building methods on the choice of heating systems is considered, and the available systems discussed. Present practices in both public and private sectors of housing are noted, together with comments on the reasons for past and prevailing techniques. Topics leading to considerations of the fuel suppliers' interest in the capital goods market in central heating systems are given, and, finally, some remarks on the potential role of district heating in the domestic central heating field are presented.

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Potential role of renewable gas in the transition of electricity and district heating systems

Energy Strategy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.esr.2019.100446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 100446 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ida Græsted Jensen ◽

Frauke Wiese ◽

Rasmus Bramstoft ◽

Marie Münster

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

District Heating ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems

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METHODOLOGY OF THE PRIMARY DATA RECONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE PIPE HEATING SYSTEMS/VIENVAMZDŽIŲ ŠILDYMO SISTEMŲ PIRMINIŲ DUOMENŲ NUSTATYMO METODIKA

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/13921525.1999.10531482 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 318-322

Author(s):

Edvardas Tuomas ◽

Saulius Neverbickas

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

District Heating ◽

Heating System ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Primary Data ◽

Complex Coefficient ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Pipe System ◽

Central Heating ◽

Single Pipe

The majority of dwellings in Lithuania are situated in blocks of flats. The dwellings were built after World War II and they are heated by single pipe central heating systems, connected to district heating. The dwellers are not quite satisfied with such a heating system and try to improve it, but do that in a wrong way, by increasing the surface of radiators. Such means lead to violation of thermal regime and comfort conditions for other dwellers. There exists sometimes the necessity of reconstructing premises and together—the heating system. During the reconstruction the primary heat fluxes from radiators should be known, but very often such data are lost and only the size of radiators (number of sections) are known. To reconstruct the required primary data for single pipe systems is complicated because the temperatures of inlet and outlet water for radiators are unknown. In this article the methodology is proposed how to perform the calculations leading to the required data. The aim of calculations is the establishment of heat fluxes from each radiator connected to the riser. Heat flux from radiator can be calculated according the formula (1) but the complex coefficient is unknown. It could be found from formulae (2) but some magnitudes are unknown. According to the proposed methodology the values of unknown magnitudes are taken approximately and calculations are performed with iterations. In such a way the flow rate of water in riser is established from formula (3), which is the same for each radiator (the property of single pipe system). From formulas (3) and (4) an equation is produced (5), and is used for calculations of unknown temperatures. The equation (6) is used for calculation of heat fluxes from radiators. To carry out the above-mentioned calculations without computer practically is impossible due to many cycles of iteration. The programme was prepared to make easy all these calculations. The scheme of algorithm of programme is given in Fig 1. An example of calculation is given in this article. Calculations were fulfilled by newly created programme. The riser chosen for calculation is shown in Fig 2. The results of calculation are given in Table 1. The table shows that according to the proposed methodology the programme based on it can be used for reconstruction of primary data of single pipe heating systems successfully.

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06/01034 The role of policy instruments for promoting combined heat and power production with low CO2 emissions in district heating systems

Fuel and Energy Abstracts ◽

10.1016/s0140-6701(06)81036-2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

District Heating ◽

Power Production ◽

Combined Heat And Power ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Low Co2 ◽

District Heating Systems

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Optimal Energy Portfolios in the Heating Sector and Flexibility Potentials of Combined-Heat-Power Plants and District Heating Systems

The Future European Energy System ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 219-234

Author(s):

Maciej Raczyński ◽

Artur Wyrwa ◽

Marcin Pluta ◽

Wojciech Suwała

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Power Plants ◽

District Heating ◽

Energy System ◽

Heat Power ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of centralized district heating (DH) systems in context of energy system flexibility and decarbonization. The analysis is performed by applying the model TIMES-Heat-EU. Capacity expansion and operation of the district heating generation units is mainly driven by the evolution of the district heating demand, which varies between the REFLEX scenarios. In all scenarios fuel and technology switches toward bioenergy and natural gas leading to CO2 emission reduction. Since the total amount of energy produced (both heat and electricity) is the highest in the High-RES centralized scenario, the corresponding CO2 emissions for district heating are the highest as well. The CO2 emissions can be reduced by ⁓60% in 2050 compared to 2015. Furthermore, the role of thermal energy storage and power-to-heat technologies is examined.

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The role of district heating systems to provide balancing services in the European Union

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2021.111853 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 111853

Author(s):

A. Boldrini ◽

J.P. Jiménez Navarro ◽

W.H.J. Crijns-Graus ◽

M.A. van den Broek

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

District Heating ◽

The European Union ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems ◽

Balancing Services

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Determination of an Effective Heating Radius in District Heating Systems in terms of Reliability

Energy Systems Research ◽

10.38028/esr.2021.01.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

V. Stennikov ◽

E. Mednikova ◽

I. Postnikov

Keyword(s):

Heat Supply ◽

District Heating ◽

Paper Briefly ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Reliability Indices ◽

Heating Source ◽

Practical Research ◽

District Heating Systems ◽

Source Operation

The paper presents a method developed to determine an effective heating radius (EHR) in district heating systems (DHSs) in terms of reliable heat supply to consumers. The search for EHR for various heating mains from the considered district heating source in DHS involves identifying heat source operation zones in various city areas. At the same time, apart from the search for EHR, the nodal reliability indices are estimated for each consumer and then used (if necessary) to adjust the obtained EHR. The paper briefly discusses some of the practical research results.

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An Intelligent On-Off Regulation Method by Predicting the Valve On-Time Ratio in District Heating

Volume 1: Combined Energy Cycles, CHP, CCHP, and Smart Grids; Concentrating Solar Power, Solar Thermochemistry and Thermal Energy Storage; Geothermal, Ocean, and Emerging Energy Technologies; Hydrogen Energy Technologies; Low/Zero Emission Power Plants and Carbon Sequestration; Photovoltaics; Wind Energy Systems and Technologies ◽

10.1115/es2014-6530 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Lanbin Liu ◽

Yufei Ma

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Control ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Room Temperature ◽

District Heating ◽

Health It ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Time Ratio ◽

Central Heating ◽

Regulation Method ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption

Good room temperature control is beneficial for user thermal comfort and health. It also helps reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions inside the buildings. However, there are certain limitations with the current thermostatic valves commonly used in central heating systems, especially the ones used in China, since they cannot satisfactorily adjust room temperatures. In response to such problems, an intelligent on-off regulation method is presented in this paper. The room temperature can be maintained by controlling the valves according to the on-time ratio predicted by this method. The on-time ratio is predicted for each cycle, and the current ratio is decided by checking a 6-order fuzzy-control table with room temperature deviations in the last step, as well as room temperature set points. The design of the fuzzy-control table as a major factor that may affect the controlling effect is also discussed. A proper controlling cycle and optimal controlling table have been worked out. Finally, this paper discusses the application effectiveness of this strategy. Results show that the room temperature can be maintained in the range of set point ±0.5°C using this method in different conditions. It is fair to say that this method is a stable, reliable and advanced controlling method with accurate control.

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