Nuclear Power in the United Kingdom—the End of the Beginning?

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Collier
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Performance ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
Clean Energy Source

Nuclear power is a young technology that has developed within a political environment of ever-changing priorities. In the United Kingdom, Government-led central planning of electricity supply has given way to market forces and the future of nuclear power depends on its ability to compete in this competitive environment as well as its wider public acceptance. In only three years, the disciplines of private sector competition have transformed the economics of United Kingdom nuclear operations and the new generation of pressurized water reactor (PWR) at Sizewell is set to lead the world in safety and performance. Taken together with the growing recognition of the need to protect the local and global environment from the products of the combustion of fossil fuels, the prospects for the future of nuclear power as the major clean energy source for the twenty-first century have never been better.

Hydrogen: A Very Promising Energy Carrier for the Future

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenophon K. Kakatsios
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Future

As we enter the new century, new fuels may be required for both stationary power and transportation to ameliorate the triple threats of local air pollution, global climate change and dependence on unstable nations for imported oil. Shifting away from fossil fuels may be essential within decades if citizens in the developing world achieve even a significant fraction of the per capita energy consumption enjoyed by the industrial nations. Business-as-usual or evolutionary shifts in energy consumption patterns may not be adequate. New paradigms and new energy initiatives may be required to protect the environment while providing the energy services we have come to expect. Hydrogen could play a significant role as a clean energy carrier in the future for both stationary and transportation markets. Produced from renewable energy or nuclear power, hydrogen could become the backbone of a truly sustainable energy future – an energy system that consumes no non-renewable resources and creates no pollution or greenhouse gases of any type during operation. However, to achieve this potential, hydrogen must overcome serious economic, technological and safety perception barriers before it can displace fossil fuels as the primary energy carrier throughout the world. In this paper we explore the current status of hydrogen and fuel cell systems compared to other fuel options for reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and suggest the introduction of hydrogen into the energy economy.

The role of Jean Monnet

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mayne
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Future ◽  
Lytton Strachey ◽  
United Kingdom Government

The future historian of European integration is likely to suffer from a surplus of documentation and a shortage of facts. If a certain kind of ignorance, as Lytton Strachey once remarked, is essential to the writing of intelligible history, it has little hope of survival amid the vast accumulation of newspaper cuttings, official statistics, policy speeches, annual reports and statesmen's memoirs with which the present-day scholar must contend. One expert has calculated that ‘the volume of official documents produced by the United Kingdom Government and its agencies during the six war years 1939–45 equalled, in cubic content, the volume of all previous archives of the United Kingdom and of its constituent kingdoms England and Scotland that had survived down to the date of the outbreak of war.’

Energy in the 1980s - Energy conversion to electricity

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1261) ◽  
pp. 559-570
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Plant Uncertainty

Growing awareness of future problems of supplies of hydrocarbon fuels enhances the importance of nuclear power in meeting continuing growth in the demand for energy, and of electricity as the route for the deployment of nuclear power. Acceleration of the growth of the electricity share of the total energy market and of the substitution of electricity for other fuels will entail the reversal of some of the trends of the past decade in the United Kingdom. The scope for innovation in the technology of conversion of fossil fuels to electricity will be limited in the United Kingdom by future contraction in investment in fuel-fired generating plant. Uncertainty about primary fuel supplies and prices in the medium term calls for flexibility in fuel use during the transition to a mainly nuclear system. A continuing task is the harmonization of the expansion of electricity production with the preservation of the environment.

Scenarios of Disaster and Hope for Northern Ireland

Worldview ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Garret FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Irish Government ◽  
The Future ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

Nine months ago the way ahead in Northern Ireland seemed clear. Perhaps for the first time in many years. Representatives of parries elected six months earlier to the Northern Ireland Assembly, holding between them a clear overall majority of the seats in that body, had agreed with the Irish Government and the United Kingdom Government at the Sunningdale Conference on a common program for the future government of the Province. And for its future relations with the rest of Ireland.

The Legislative Process in the Northern Ireland Assembly

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Future ◽  
United Kingdom Government

These are divided into three categories: Excepted Reserved and Transferred Matters. Excepted Matters are those which are always the responsibility of the United Kingdom Government. They include such matters as external defence, foreign policy and coinage and are listed in full in Sch 2 to the Northern Ireland Act 1998. Reserved Matters are those which, while remaining the responsibility of Westminster, could be devolved in the future. They include taxation and policing and Sch 3 to the 1998 Act lists them in full. Transferred Matters are all other functions of Government which are devolved to an Assembly.

Disposing of John Lindley's library and herbarium: the offer to Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Joseph Hooker

Shortly before he died, John Lindley decided to dispose of his herbarium and botanical library. He sold his orchid herbarium to the United Kingdom government for deposit at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and then offered his library and the remainder of his herbarium to Ferdinand Mueller in Melbourne. On his behalf, Joseph Hooker had earlier unsuccessfully offered the library and remnant herbarium to the University of Sydney, using the good offices of Sir Charles Nicholson. Although neither the University of Sydney nor Mueller was able to raise the necessary funds to purchase either collection, the correspondence allows a reconstruction of a catalogue of Lindley's library, and poses some questions about Joseph Hooker's motives in attempting to dispose of Lindley's material outside the United Kingdom. The final disposal of the herbarium to Cambridge and previous analyses of the purchase of his Library for the Royal Horticultural Society are discussed. A list of the works from Lindley's library offered for sale to Australia is appended.

Renewable energy selection based on a new entropy and dissimilarity measure on an interval-valued neutrosophic set

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
ShuoYan Chou ◽  
Truong ThiThuy Duong ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Thao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Dissimilarity Measure ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance

Energy plays a central part in economic development, yet alongside fossil fuels bring vast environmental impact. In recent years, renewable energy has gradually become a viable source for clean energy to alleviate and decouple with a negative connotation. Different types of renewable energy are not without trade-offs beyond costs and performance. Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) has become one of the most prominent tools in making decisions with multiple conflicting criteria existing in many complex real-world problems. Information obtained for decision making may be ambiguous or uncertain. Neutrosophic is an extension of fuzzy set types with three membership functions: truth membership function, falsity membership function and indeterminacy membership function. It is a useful tool when dealing with uncertainty issues. Entropy measures the uncertainty of information under neutrosophic circumstances which can be used to identify the weights of criteria in MCDM model. Meanwhile, the dissimilarity measure is useful in dealing with the ranking of alternatives in term of distance. This article proposes to build a new entropy and dissimilarity measure as well as to construct a novel MCDM model based on them to improve the inclusiveness of the perspectives for decision making. In this paper, we also give out a case study of using this model through the process of a renewable energy selection scenario in Taiwan performed and assessed.

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