Scientific Evaluation of Crude Drugs and Kampo Medicines Using the Eastern Blotting Method and Its Application to Biological Metabolic Studies

SummaryThe metabolism of vitamin K1- 14C and menadione-14C (vitamin K3-14C) was studied in normal and hepateetomized rats. After the administration of menadione, about 70% of the 14C was excreted in the urine in 24 hrs in both types of rats. Two urinary metabolites were identified by enzymatic hydrolysis: one a glucuronide and the other a sulfate of reduced menadione. Thus, the liver is not necessary for the metabolism of menadione. In the vitamin K1 studies, the intact rats excreted only 10% of the 14C and the hepatectomized rats excreted less than 0.5%. The retention of vitamin K1 may explain its superiority over menadione as an antidote for overdosages of oral anticoagulants.

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METABOLIC STUDIES WITH METHANDROSTENOLONE (17β-HYDROXY-17α-METHYL-ANDROSTA-1,4-DIEN-3-ONE) IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0380413 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 413-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Almqvist ◽

D. Ikkos ◽

R. Luft

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Testosterone Propionate ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Calcium Retention ◽

Metabolic Studies ◽

Daily Dose

ABSTRACT The effect of graded doses (5, 10 and 25 mg/d of methandrostenolone and of 25 mg/d of testosterone propionate were compared in each of three metabolically stable adult subjects. Five mg/d of methandrostenolone induced nitrogen and calcium retention. The effects observed with larger doses of methandrostenolone (10 and 25 mg/d) were not quantitatively different from those with 5 mg/d. The nitrogen and calcium retention obtained with the daily dose of 5 mg of methandrostenolone was as great or greater than that induced by testosterone propionate (25 mg/d). Methandrostenolone induced creatinuria but had no effect on sodium and chloride balances and urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids.

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Comparative Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Studies of Different Samples of Plumbago zeylanica L. Roots

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research ◽

10.25004/ijpsdr.2017.090601 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Neha Jain ◽

Mohan Lal Kori

Keyword(s):

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Local Market ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Organoleptic Evaluation ◽

Plumbago Zeylanica ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Phytochemical Studies

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the quality of the marketed and self collected samples of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots on the standardization parameters. This study is planned mainly to confirm changes with quality of drug. Now a day’s more demand of herbal drugs for disease treatment, lack of knowledge of proper methodology and availability are promoting the practices of adulteration and substitution. Thus, the standardization of the plant crude drugs is necessary to maintain their therapeutic efficacy. Comparative studies were carried out to evaluate the standards of P. zeylanica L. with emphasis on organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis. Samples were procured from local market and self collected to determine the qualitative and quantitative variations. The result indicates that self collected sample showed significant results with comparison to marketed sample.

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Pharmacognostical fingerprinting and selective bioactivity studies of Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.

Journal of Traditional and Folk Practices ◽

10.25173/jtfp.2018.6.1.87 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anindya Sundar Ray ◽

Suman Kalyan Mandal ◽

Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Phytochemical Studies ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. (Solanaceae) is traditionally used for curing several health conditions in both human and domesticated animals. There is no data available regarding pharmacognostic standardization and pharmacological activity of this less known medicinal plant. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to prepare pharmacognostic fingerprints of crude drugs obtained from the leaf and stem parts of S. glaucophyllum. Apart from this detailed phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies have also been carried out. Pharmacognostic study revealed that the leaves are amphistomatic and stomata are strictly of anisocytic type. Values of stomatal index, palisade ratio, ash content of the investigated parts are found distinct and can be used as pharmacognostic standards for evaluation of crude drugs of this medicinal plant. Phytochemical studies of the leaf and stem parts indicated that phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids are present in quite impressible amount. Curcumin content in stem was found very high through HPLC analysis. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the stem part showed significant antioxidant potential. Ethanol extract of stem produced maximum inhibition zone (11mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of 50 mg/ml among five test microorganisms. Some pharmacognostic features recorded in this study as diagnostic ones will help in proper identification of this ethnomedicinal plant in its fresh as well as dried form. On the other hand preliminary phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies highlight the S. glaucophyllum as a promising candidate for bioprospecting.

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Comparative Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Khadirashtaka yavakuta (Powder) and Kashaya (Decoction)

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i10.10456 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Chandani Goswami ◽

V. D. Hitesh Vyas ◽

Harisha C. R.

Keyword(s):

Dietary Habits ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Metabolic Changes ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Coarse Powder ◽

Crude Drugs ◽

Standard Range

Khadirashtaka Kashaya, a compound Ayurvedic formulation is prescribed mainly in the management of Kushtha Vyadhi( skin diseases), Visarp Roga (erysipelous) and Masoorika (type of measels) and it is mentioned in Sangraha Grantha like, Yogaratnakara, Gadanighraha, Bhaishajya Ratnavali. The era is rising with many of novel dietary habits and lifestyle which are ill-assorted with health. Consumption of incompatible food combinations, heavy meals; faulty temperature acclimatisation leads to several metabolic changes which results in unhealthy skin. Their prolonged exposure leads to long lasting dermatological abnormalities having vitiated Rasa and Rakta Dhatu. Khadirashtaka Kashaya helps to break the pathogenesis of skin disorders by its bitter-astringent taste, light and dry properties as well as blood purifying activity. Till date no work was found having comparatively scientifically analysed on this drug. In Present study Khadirashtaka Kashaya and Khadirashtaka choorna have been evaluated for Pharmacognostical analysis. Finished product microscopy and decoction showing the quality and genuineness of all the constituents of Khadirashtaka Kashaya (Decoction) has been done. Organoleptic features of coarse powder made out of the crude drugs were within the standard range

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