Technical performance analysis of different types of spirometers

Background The spirometer is an important element in lung function examinations, and its accuracy is directly related to the accuracy of the results of these examinations and to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Our aim was to conduct a performance analysis of the detection techniques of differential pressure and ultrasonic portable spirometers commonly used in China. Methods A standard flow/volume simulator was used to analyze the performance (accuracy, repeatability, linearity, impedance, and so on) of portable spirometers, 4 imported and 6 domestic, based on 13 curves generated by different air sources in the ISO 26782:2009 standard. A Bland–Altman diagram was used to evaluate the consistency between the values measured by the spirometers and the simulator. Results The pass rates for accuracy, repeatability, linearity, and impedance for the 10 different portable spirometers were 50%, 100%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. Only 30% (3/10) of the spirometers—2 domestic and 1 imported—met all standards of quality and performance evaluation, while the rest were partially up to standard. In the consistency evaluation, only 3 spirometers were within both the consistency standard range and the acceptability range. Conclusion The quality and performance of different types of portable spirometers commonly used in the clinic differ. The use of a standard flow/volume simulator is helpful for the standard evaluation of the technical performance of spirometers.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GEL MASK PEEL OF BLACK GLUTINOUS RICE EXTRACT (ORYZA SATIVA VAR GLUTINOSA) AND GREEN TEA (CAMELIA SINENSIS)

Introduction: Black glutinous rice (Oriza sativa var glutinosa) and green tea (Camelia sinensis) are plants that are useful for moisturizing the skin. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best formulation of peel-off gel mask preparations from black glutinous rice and green tea extract. Method: The gel mask formulation was made on the basis of variations in the concentration of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) of F1 (2,5%), F2 (3%) and F3 (3,5%) with evaluation including organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, homogenity, dispersity test, and drying time at temperatures of 4oC, 25oC, 40oC for 28 days. Results: The evaluation results of the three formulations met the requirements for a good peel-off gel mask. pH results are between 4.6-5.5 which is still in the standard range of 4.5-6.0. The results of the viscosity test are 6.500-12.166.7 cps which are in the range of 6.000-24.000 cps, the dispersion area meets the requirements of 5-7 cm, the result of the drying time is 15-22 minutes which are in the range of 15-30 minutes. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that F1, F2, and F3 met all the requirements for peel off gel masks by storing at temperatures of 4oC, 25oC, 40oC for 28 days.

Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Sediaan Suspensi Ekstrak Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet

Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith rhizome has been used traditionally as an herbal medicine in Indonesia. Isolated extracts and metabolites of Z. zerumbet have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and antiviral activity. The form of suspension is carried out to facilitate the utilization of the main bioactive content, zerumbone, which is difficult to dissolve in water. The formulation of suspension is based on variations in the concentration of Z. zerumbet extract, which is 2.5% (formulation 1), 5% (formulation 2), and 10% (formulation 3). To determine the physical stability, the evaluation is carried out, namely: organoleptic test, density, viscosity, redispersibility and pH. The results showed all three formulations did not provide organoleptic changes for 30 days, >1 g/cm3 density, good redispersibility, and pH of 6. The viscosity of each formulation is quite varied i.e., 3.74 cp; 4,27 cp; and 11.8 cp. Formulation 3 is determined as the best formulation based on its viscosity which is closest to the standard range of good suspension viscosity according to the SNI.

NQPC-2 Cognitive function of a low-grade glioma patient treated with radiation therapy 28 years ago

While there are many reports that long-term survivors of low-grade glioma patients treated with radiation therapy cannot lead a healthy social life due to cognitive dysfunction, we report a low-grade glioma patient with almost normal cognitive function even after radiation therapy 28 years ago. CASE REPORT. A 64-year-old woman developed with sudden left hemiparesis and was diagnosed as a small infarction in the left corona radiata. After treated by anticoagulant therapy, she was admitted to our hospital for rehabilitation. Twenty-eight years ago, she underwent surgical resection and radiation therapy with 60 Gy for astrocytoma (WHO grade 2) in the right insular cortex. At the time of this admission, she presented with a good MMSE score of 30 points, but she couldn’t walk and her left hand was less maneuverable. After 109 days of intensive rehabilitation in our hospital, she was discharged on a cane walk, and returned to work as a gas station clerk. COGNITIVE FUNCION. We evaluated her cognitive function on TMT-A/B test, CAT (Clinical Assessment for Attention)and WAIS-4. The TMT test was normal with age adjustments. In CAT, the percentage of correct answers for the 7 constituent items was within the standard range, but in the task of evaluating the required time, a slight delay in processing speed was observed. In WAIS-4, the Full scale IQ was 98 points (normal range) including normal 3 of 4 constituent items. But, only the PSI (processing speed) of 75 point was below the standard range. CONCLUSION: We observed a slight delay in processing speed on her high-level cognitive function tests, but determined that she would be well-adapted to a familiar job in a small community. In fact, she was doing well on the job 10 months after her discharge.

A Study on a High-Purity Filter System of an Air Charger for an Air Respirator

The air charged through the air charger must be pure and free from impurities; hence, the role of a filter that removes pollutants, such as moisture, oil, and carbides is very important. The lifespan of the filter is approximately 50 h, and if exceeded, the purification function decreases rapidly. Therefore, it must be replaced periodically. However, economic and environmental problems occur in the process of replacing the filter. This study investigated the extension of the filter lifespan (60 h) and enhancement of the purification function. An auto drain system was installed. The pollutant discharge, maximum noise, and lifespan were confirmed through experiments and commissioned inspections to check the performance. The compatibility of the pollutant discharge function and the structure of the auto drain system was verified by checking the discharge of pollutants. In addition, the maximum noise was certified to be less than 80 dB according to the performance-standard. Finally, the charged air quality was analyzed after 60 h of use, and all the analyzed values were confirmed to be within the performance-standard range.

Pengaruh Pemberian Limbah Batang Buah Naga Terhadap Kualitas Kompos Feses Sapi

This study aims to determine the best level of administration of dragon fruit stem waste on the quality of cow feces compost. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = cow feces 97.5% + EM4 2.5%, P1 = cow feces 77.5% + dragon fruit stem waste 20% + EM4 2.5%, P2 = cow feces 67.5% + waste dragon fruit stem 30% + EM4 2.5%, P3 = cow feces 57.5% + dragon fruit stem waste 40% + EM4 2.5, P4 = cow feces 47.5% + dragon fruit stem waste 50% + EM4 2.5%. The observed variables were color, odor, texture, temperature, pH, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, potassium and C/N ratio. The results showed that the colors produced in the treatment were P0 (100% black), P1 (100% black), P2 (100% black), P3 (50% black chocolate and 50% brown), P4 (100% chocolate). The odor produced in the treatment of P0 (100% soil), P1 (75% soil and 25% weathered), P2 (50% weathered and 50% weathered), P3 (100% weathered), P4 (100% weathered). The resulting texture in the treatment of P0 (100% crumb), P1 (100% crumb), P2 (100% crumb), P3 (50% crumb and 50% coarse), P4 (75% coarse and 25% crumb), pH value in treatment P0 (7.23%). The addition of dragon fruit stem waste had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and C/N. The highest nitrogen content was at P2 (1.60%) and the lowest was at P0 (1.31%), the highest phosphorus content was at P4 (0.31%) and the lowest was at P0 (0.18%), the highest potassium content was found in at P3 (1.16%) and the lowest at P0 (0.44%), the highest C/N content was at P0 (22.25%) and the lowest was at P3 (16.75%). Meanwhile, the carbon content had no significant effect (P>0.05). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the best compost quality results were obtained in treatment (P3), on the content of carbon, potassium and C/N. Because it is based on the standard range of compost quality (SNI 19-7030-2004).

Study on Zooplankton Diversity and Physico Chemical Parameter of Pampoo Pond of Madhupur, Jharkhand, India

Zooplankton are diverse in nature and they are found in almost all water bodies. The present study deals with the study of monthly changes of Zooplankton diversity and physico chemical parameters of Pampoo Pond of Madhupur, Jharkhand, India. Present study was carried out for a period of one-year from July 2019 to June 2020. Present study revealed 15 genera of Zooplankton from the fresh water pond belonging to the four groups namely Cladocera, Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Among all four group maximum abundance of Cladocerans (34%) were observed. Five species of cladocerans, five species of copepods, three species of rotifers and two species of ostracods were observed. The population density order observed as cladocerans> copepods> rotifers> ostracods. Physico chemical parameters were analyzed as per methods described in APHA (1998) and was found under standard range. KEYWORDS: Zooplankton diversity, Physico chemical parameters, Pampoo Pond, water quality

A Reference Range for Plasma Levels of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Children Using the ATP Sulfurylase Method

Purpose Generalized arterial calcification of infancy, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2, and hypophosphatasia are rare inherited disorders associated with altered plasma levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). In this study, we aimed to establish a reference range for plasma PPi in the pediatric population, which would be essential to support its use as a biomarker in children with mineralization disorders. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 200 children aged 1 day to 18 years who underwent blood testing for medical conditions not affecting plasma PPi levels. PPi was measured in proband plasma utilizing a validated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sulfurylase method. Results The analytical sensitivity of the ATP sulfurylase assay consisted of 0.15 to 10 µM PPi. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variability on identical samples were below 10%. The standard range of PPi in the blood plasma of children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years was calculated as 2.36 to 4.44 µM, with a median of 3.17 µM, with no difference between male and female probands. PPi plasma levels did not differ significantly in different pediatric age groups. Main Conclusions Our results yielded no noteworthy discrepancy to the reported standard range of plasma PPi in adults (2-5 µM). We propose the described ATP sulfurylase method as a diagnostic tool to measure PPi levels in plasma as a biomarker in the pediatric population.

Pharmaceutical Analysis of Phalatrikadi Syrup – A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Hematinic Drug

Context: Concepts regarding standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic drugs can be traced back to the ancient times. Based on their observations, principles of drug processing and ideal qualities of finished drugs etc. have been documented. Even though the principles developed based upon the scientific parameters prevailing in those days, they are to be viewed and answered looking at the advancement of science and technology of present scenario. Material and Methods: Phalatrikadi syrup a poly herbal formulation containing Haritaki, Bibhitaki, Amalaki, Guduchi, Vasa, Nimba Bhunimba and Katuka and was prepared and subjected to pharmacopeial procedures for analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical and fingerprinting for standardization. Observation and Results: Findings are pH (Direct) 4.32, Specific gravity 1.389, Refractive Index 1.417, Viscosity (Ostwald) 397.82 , Loss on Drying 19.72%, and Total Ash 0.098%, Acid insoluble ash 0.00%, Total solids 80.27%, Total Sugar 76.92, Total Tannin 0.88%. A test for functional group shows presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, tannins, amino acids,saponin glycosides, flavonoids, and steroids in Phalatrikadi Syrup. Microbial test analysis of Phalatrikadi syrup showed no any microorganism contamination. Conclusion: Phalatrikadi Syrup shows all values in the standard range as per API and suggestive of authenticate and standard pharmaceutical preparation of Phalatrikadi syrup.

A PH LEVEL MONITORING IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

Hydroponic is one of growing plant method without soil. It uses water as the planting media. As of this writing, hydroponic method is quite popular in Indonesia because it is more hygienic, more results, more environmentally friendly at a lower cost production. Hydroponic life depends on the nutrients in the water. One of the most important of the hydroponic method is pH level of the water. The standard of pH level which used to grow a plant is in the range of 5.5 to 6.5. To balance the standard of pH level, liquid for increasing and decreasing pH level are needed, but it is difficult to measure the pH level on the standard range while adding the water. Based on this problem, this project will develop an automated device for mixing pH up and pH down liquid so the level of pH will be keep in the desire range using pH sensor and Arduino microcontroller.