Effect of bone density on body composition estimates in young adult black and white women

The two-compartment body composition method assumes that fat-free body mass (FFM) has a density of 1.100 kg/l. This study tested the hypothesis that FFM density is independent of race, age, and body fatness. Subjects were 703 black and white subjects, ages 20-94 yr, with body mass index (BMI) 17-35 kg/m2. Body composition was assessed using a four-compartment model based on tritium dilution volume, body density by underwater weighing, bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body weight. No relationship was observed between FFM density and race or BMI. A tendency was observed for a lower FFM density only in older white women. The difference in percent body fat (delta fat) between the four-compartment model and underwater weighing was < 2% for all groups. Race, age, and BMI explained only 2.3 (women) and 1.4% (men) of the variance in delta fat, whereas the total body water fraction of FFM explained 77%. In contrast to current thinking, these results show that the assumption of constant FFM density is valid in black, elderly, and obese subjects.

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BONE DENSITY IN NONOBESE BLACK AND WHITE WOMEN

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198904001-00661 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S111

Author(s):

M. Steinmetz ◽

D. Meier ◽

M. Luckey ◽

Y. Isenberg ◽

D. Lowenthal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Density ◽

White Women ◽

Black And White

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Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.82.2.429 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 429-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

B. Ettinger

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Bone Density ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Black And White

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Race And Physical Activity Do Not Impact 2-year Changes In Measures Of Bone Density And Quality In Older Black And White Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000321543.12549.ef ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S22

Author(s):

Matthew Thorpe ◽

Edward McAuley ◽

Ellen M. Evans

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Density ◽

White Women ◽

Black And White

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Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences*†

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.82.2.3732 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 429-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bruce Ettinger ◽

Stephen Sidney ◽

Steven R. Cummings ◽

Cesar Libanati ◽

Daniel D. Bikle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Density ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

White Women ◽

White Men ◽

Care Program ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Percentage Density ◽

Black And White

Abstract This study tested whether racial differences in bone density can be explained by differences in bone metabolism and lifestyle. A cohort of 402 black and white men and women, ages 25–36 yr, was studied at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern California, a prepaid health plan. Body composition (fat, lean, and bone mineral density) was measured using a Hologic-2000 dual-energy x-ray densitometer. Muscle strength, blood and urine chemistry values related to calcium metabolism, bone turnover, growth factors, and level of sex and adrenal hormones were also measured. Medical history, physical activity, and lifestyle were assessed. Statistical analyses using t- and chi-square tests and multiple regression were done to determine whether racial difference in bone density remained after adjustment for covariates. Bone density at all skeletal sites was statistically significantly greater in black than in white subjects; on average, adjustment for covariates reduced the percentage density differences by 42% for men and 34% for women. Adjusted bone density at various skeletal sites was 4.5–16.1% higher for black than for white men and was 1.2–7.3% higher for black than for white women. We concluded that racial differences in bone mineral density are not accounted for by clinical or biochemical variables measured in early adulthood.

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Does adolescent depression predict obesity in black and white young adult women?

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291705005386 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 1505-1513 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

DEBRA L. FRANKO ◽

RUTH H. STRIEGEL-MOORE ◽

DOUGLAS THOMPSON ◽

GEORGE B. SCHREIBER ◽

STEPHEN R. DANIELS

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Young Adult ◽

White Women ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Black Girls ◽

Health Study ◽

Adult Women ◽

Black And White ◽

White Girls ◽

Increased Risk

Background. To examine whether adolescent depressive symptoms predict young adult body mass index (BMI) and obesity in black and white women.Method. Participants included 1554 black and white adolescent girls from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) who completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D) at ages 16 and 18 years.Results. Regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms at both ages 16 and 18 were associated with increased risk of obesity (BMI[ges ]30) and elevated BMI in young adulthood (age 21) in both black and white girls. Black girls exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of obesity and higher BMI (i.e. a main effect of race), but the race×CES-D interaction was not significant in any analysis.Conclusions. Depressive symptoms in adolescence appear to be predictive of obesity and elevated BMI in early adulthood for both black and white girls, even when taking prior BMI into account, indicating that depressive symptoms confer risk for obesity above and beyond the known tracking of body weight. Obesity prevention studies might consider assessing depressive symptoms in adolescence in order to more fully capture important risk variables.

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