Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences*†

Abstract This study tested whether racial differences in bone density can be explained by differences in bone metabolism and lifestyle. A cohort of 402 black and white men and women, ages 25–36 yr, was studied at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern California, a prepaid health plan. Body composition (fat, lean, and bone mineral density) was measured using a Hologic-2000 dual-energy x-ray densitometer. Muscle strength, blood and urine chemistry values related to calcium metabolism, bone turnover, growth factors, and level of sex and adrenal hormones were also measured. Medical history, physical activity, and lifestyle were assessed. Statistical analyses using t- and chi-square tests and multiple regression were done to determine whether racial difference in bone density remained after adjustment for covariates. Bone density at all skeletal sites was statistically significantly greater in black than in white subjects; on average, adjustment for covariates reduced the percentage density differences by 42% for men and 34% for women. Adjusted bone density at various skeletal sites was 4.5–16.1% higher for black than for white men and was 1.2–7.3% higher for black than for white women. We concluded that racial differences in bone mineral density are not accounted for by clinical or biochemical variables measured in early adulthood.

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Bone Mineral Density of the Total Body and Forearm in Premenopausal Black and White Women

Bone ◽

10.1016/8756-3282(95)00050-n ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 311S-315S ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S Harris

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

White Women ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Black And White ◽

Total Body

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Dietary intake of Brazilian black and white men and its relationship to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802006000500006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 124 (5) ◽

pp. 267-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patrícia Constante Jaime ◽

Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽

Alex Antonio Florindo ◽

Tomoe Tanaka ◽

Cristiano Augusto de Freitas Zerbini

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Black Men ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

White Men ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Black And White ◽

The Relationship

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are an important public health problem. Although bone loss occurs with age universally, the incidence of bone loss fractures varies greatly between racial groups. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between calcium, protein and energy intake and the bone mineral density of the femoral neck in Brazilian black and white men. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in a teaching hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: The participants were 277 volunteer men, aged 50 years or older. The bone mineral density of the femoral neck (FNBMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between FNBMD and calcium, protein and energy intake, as assessed by a three-day food record, was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and was adjusted for age, height, physical activity and education level. The analysis was stratified by race (white and black). RESULTS: FNBMD presented similar means in the two racial groups (p = 0.538). Protein and energy intake did not show a significant correlation with FNBMD, either in the white or in the black population. Calcium intake showed a strong and independent correlation with FNBMD in the black men (partial r = 0.42). CONCLUSION: Calcium intake was a determinant of FNBMD for black men, aged 50 years or older, but not for the white ones.

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Racial differences in bone mineral density and fractures in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.212 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 212-212

Author(s):

A. K. Morgans ◽

M. L. Hancock ◽

G. Barnette ◽

M. S. Steiner ◽

R. A. Morton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Black Men ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vertebral Fractures ◽

White Men ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Black And White

212 Background: In the general population, black men have higher bone mineral density (BMD) and lower fracture rates than white men. Whether race influences bone loss and fracture risk during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is unknown. Using data from a recently completed prospective, randomized, clinical trial we compared BMD and fracture rates of black and white men receiving ADT for prostate cancer. Methods: Subjects in these analyses (n=516) were members of the placebo group of a two-year randomized controlled trial of toremifene to prevent fractures in men receiving ADT for prostate cancer. All subjects resided in United States and reported their race as either black (n=68) or white (n=448). We compared baseline characteristics, including BMD and prevalent vertebral fractures, between black (n=68) and white men (n=448). We also compared changes in BMD and rates of new vertebral fractures over the two year study period. Results: Black men had higher baseline hip BMD than white men (0.98 ± 0.15 g/m2 and 0.91 ± 0.15 g/m2, respectively; p=0.001). Black men had similar BMD of the spine (1.09 ± 0.22 g/m2 and 1.11 ± 0.22 g/m2 in black and white men, respectively; p=0.51), but fewer prevalent vertebral fractures (7.4% versus 15.0%; p=0.13). Changes in BMD from baseline to 24 months were similar between black and white men (total hip percentage change −2.54 ± 0.26 in white men and −2.09 ± 0.60 in black men; p=0.55; lumbar spine percentage change −1.30 ± 0.33 in white men and −1.67 ± 0.71 in black men; p<0.71). Rates of new vertebral fractures trended towards being lower in black men (1.15% of black men versus 4.83% of white men; relative risk 0.24; p<0.12). Conclusions: Among men receiving ADT for prostate cancer, black men had higher baseline BMD at the hip and fewer prevalent vertebral fractures. Changes in BMD during ongoing ADT were similar for black and white men. Consistent with lower baseline risk for fracture, however, black men had fewer new vertebral fractures than white men. [Table: see text]

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