Arm Elevation Angle And Contraction Intensity Effects On Scapular Position During Scapular Plane Isometric Contractions

Context:The literature does not present a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in patients with shoulder-impingement syndrome (SIS).Objectives:To perform meta-analyses of published comparative studies to determine the consistent differences in scapular kinematics between subjects with SIS and controls. In addition, the purpose was to analyze factors of the data-collection methods to explain the inconsistencies in reported kinematics. The results of this study will help guide future research and enable our understanding of the relationship between scapular kinematics and SIS.Evidence Acquisition:A search identified 65 studies; 9 papers met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes, means, and SDs of 5 scapular-kinematic variables were extracted or obtained from each paper’s lead author. Standard difference in the mean between SIS and controls was calculated. Moderator variables were plane of arm elevation, level of arm elevation (ARM) and population (POP).Evidence Synthesis:Overall, the SIS group had less scapular upward rotation (UR) and external rotation (ER) and greater clavicular elevation (ELE) and retraction (RET) but no differences in scapular posterior tilt (PT). In the frontal plane, SIS subjects showed greater PT and ER, and in the scapular plane, less UR and ER and greater ELE and RET. There was also greater ELE and RET in the sagittal plane. There was less UR at the low ARM and greater ELE and RET at the high ARM with SIS. Athletes and overhead workers showed less UR, while athletes showed greater PT and workers showed less PT and ER. The general population with SIS had greater ELE and RET only.Conclusions:Subjects with SIS demonstrated altered scapular kinematics, and these differences are influenced by the plane, ARM, and POP. Athletes and overhead workers have a different pattern of scapular kinematics than the general population. The scapular plane is most likely to demonstrate altered kinematics. These factors should be considered when designing futures studies to assess the impact of altered kinematics in patients with SIS.

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Can a physical activity monitor provide a valid measure of arm elevation angle? A study to assess agreement between the SenseWear Mini Armband and the universal goniometer

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-015-0507-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew D Hirschhorn ◽

John W Lockhart ◽

John D Breckenridge

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Elevation Angle ◽

Activity Monitor ◽

Valid Measure ◽

Arm Elevation

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The reproducibility of assessing arm elevation in the scapular plane on the Cybex 340

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-2000-0034 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chris J. Durall ◽

George J. Davies ◽

Thomas W. Kernozek ◽

Mark H. Gibson ◽

Dennis C.W. Fater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arm Elevation ◽

Scapular Plane

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The Effects of Training the Humeral Rotators on Arm Elevation in the Scapular Plane

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.10.2.79 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chris J Durall ◽

George J Davies ◽

Thomas W Kernozek ◽

Mark H Gibson ◽

Dennis CW Fater ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Control Group ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Angular Velocities ◽

Arm Elevation ◽

The Impact ◽

Scapular Plane

Context:It has been hypothesized that the fibers of the infraspinatus and subscapularis superior to the glenohumeral axis of rotation contribute directly to arm elevation.Objective:To test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of 5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training in a modified neutral position on scapular-plane arm-elevation peak torque.Design:Prospective, pretest/posttest with control group.Participants:24 female and 6 male noninjured college students (N = 30).Main Outcome Measures:Scapular-plane-elevation peak torque at 60, 180, and 300°/s.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no difference in peak torque between groups at any of the angular velocities tested (P< .05)Conclusions:5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training did not significantly increase scapular-plane-elevation peak torque.

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Shoulder Coordination During Full-Can and Empty-Can Rehabilitation Exercises

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-50.9.06 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1117-1125 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xavier Robert-Lachaine ◽

Paul Allard ◽

Veronique Gobout ◽

Mickael Begon

Keyword(s):

Shoulder Joint ◽

Elevation Angle ◽

Motion Coordination ◽

Optoelectronic System ◽

Motion Direction ◽

Supraspinatus Tear ◽

Analysis Laboratory ◽

Arm Elevation ◽

Exercise Type ◽

Rehabilitation Exercises

Context Supraspinatus tear is a common rotator cuff injury. During rehabilitation, debate persists regarding the most appropriate exercises. Whereas shoulder coordination is part of normal arm function, it has been infrequently considered in the context of exercise selection. Objective To assess shoulder-motion coordination during 2 common supraspinatus rehabilitation exercises and to characterize load and motion-direction influences on shoulder coordination. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Motion-analysis laboratory. Patient or Other Participants Fifteen asymptomatic right-hand–dominant men (age = 26 ± 4 years, height = 1.77 ± 0.06 m, mass = 74.3 ± 7.7 kg). Intervention(s) Full-can and empty-can exercises with and without a 2.27-kg load. Main Outcome Measure(s) We recorded motion with an optoelectronic system. Scapulohumeral rhythm and complete shoulder joint kinematics were calculated to quantify shoulder coordination. The effects of exercise type, load, motion direction, and humerothoracic-elevation angle on the scapulohumeral rhythm and shoulder-joint angles were assessed. Results We observed multivariate interactions between exercise type and humerothoracic elevation and between load and humerothoracic elevation. Scapulohumeral rhythm increased by a mean ratio of 0.44 ± 0.22 during the full-can exercise, whereas the addition of load increased mean glenohumeral elevation by 4° ± 1°. Conclusions The full-can exercise increased the glenohumeral contribution, as hypothesized, and showed normal shoulder coordination. During the empty-can exercise, the increased scapulothoracic contribution was associated with a compensatory pattern that limits the glenohumeral contribution. Using loads during shoulder rehabilitation seems justified because the scapulohumeral rhythm is similar to that of unloaded arm elevation. Finally, motion direction showed a limited effect during the exercises in healthy individuals.

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