Scapular Kinematics and Subacromial-Impingement Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Timmons ◽  
Chuck A. Thigpen ◽  
Amee L. Seitz ◽  
Andrew R. Karduna ◽  
Brent L. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scapular Kinematics ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scapular Plane

Context:The literature does not present a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in patients with shoulder-impingement syndrome (SIS).Objectives:To perform meta-analyses of published comparative studies to determine the consistent differences in scapular kinematics between subjects with SIS and controls. In addition, the purpose was to analyze factors of the data-collection methods to explain the inconsistencies in reported kinematics. The results of this study will help guide future research and enable our understanding of the relationship between scapular kinematics and SIS.Evidence Acquisition:A search identified 65 studies; 9 papers met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes, means, and SDs of 5 scapular-kinematic variables were extracted or obtained from each paper’s lead author. Standard difference in the mean between SIS and controls was calculated. Moderator variables were plane of arm elevation, level of arm elevation (ARM) and population (POP).Evidence Synthesis:Overall, the SIS group had less scapular upward rotation (UR) and external rotation (ER) and greater clavicular elevation (ELE) and retraction (RET) but no differences in scapular posterior tilt (PT). In the frontal plane, SIS subjects showed greater PT and ER, and in the scapular plane, less UR and ER and greater ELE and RET. There was also greater ELE and RET in the sagittal plane. There was less UR at the low ARM and greater ELE and RET at the high ARM with SIS. Athletes and overhead workers showed less UR, while athletes showed greater PT and workers showed less PT and ER. The general population with SIS had greater ELE and RET only.Conclusions:Subjects with SIS demonstrated altered scapular kinematics, and these differences are influenced by the plane, ARM, and POP. Athletes and overhead workers have a different pattern of scapular kinematics than the general population. The scapular plane is most likely to demonstrate altered kinematics. These factors should be considered when designing futures studies to assess the impact of altered kinematics in patients with SIS.

scholarly journals The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardelle Shepley ◽  
Naomi Sachs ◽  
Hessam Sadatsafavi ◽  
Christine Fournier ◽  
Kati Peditto
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
The Impact

Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions.

scholarly journals Scapular kinematics and impairment features for classifying patients with subacromial impingement syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ju Hung ◽  
Mei-Hwa Jan ◽  
Yeong-Fwu Lin ◽  
Tyng-Quey Wang ◽  
Jiu-Jenq Lin
Keyword(s):  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement ◽  
Scapular Kinematics

Surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome in relation to intensities of occupational mechanical exposures across 10-year exposure time windows

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annett Dalbøge ◽  
Poul Frost ◽  
Johan Hviid Andersen ◽  
Susanne Wulff Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
First Time

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify intensities of occupational mechanical exposures (force, arm elevation and repetition) that do not entail an increased risk of surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) even after prolonged durations of exposure. Additionally, we wanted to evaluate if exposure to hand-arm vibration (HAV) is an independent risk factor.MethodsWe used data from a register-based cohort study of the entire Danish working population (n=2 374 403). During follow-up (2003–2008), 14 118 first-time events of surgery for SIS occurred. For each person, we linked register-based occupational codes (1993–2007) to a general population job exposure matrix to obtain year-by-year exposure intensities on measurement scales for force, upper arm elevation >90° and repetition and expert rated intensities of exposure to HAV. For 10-year exposure time windows, we calculated the duration of exposure at specific intensities above minimal (low, medium and high). We used a logistic regression technique equivalent to discrete survival analysis adjusting for cumulative effects of other mechanical exposures.ResultsWe found indications of safe exposure intensities for repetition (median angular velocity <45°/s), while force exertion ≥10% of maximal voluntary electrical activity and upper arm elevation >90° >2 min/day implied an increased risk reaching ORs of 1.7 and 1.5 after 10 years at low intensities. No associations were found for HAV.ConclusionsWe found indications of safe exposure intensities for repetition. Any intensities of force and upper arm elevation >90° above minimal implied an increased risk across 10-year exposure time windows. No independent associations were found for HAV.

The Problem With Mechanistic Risk of Bias Assessments in Evidence Synthesis of Observational Studies and a Practical Alternative: Assessing the Impact of Specific Sources of Potential Bias

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (9) ◽  
pp. 1581-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Savitz ◽  
Gregory A Wellenius ◽  
Thomas A Trikalinos
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Subject Matter Expertise ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The trustworthiness of individual studies is routinely characterized in systemic reviews by evaluating risk of bias, often by mechanistically applying standardized algorithms. However, such instruments prioritize the repeatability of the process over a more thoughtful and informative but necessarily somewhat more subjective approach. In mechanistic risk of bias assessments, the focus is on determining whether specific biases are present, but these assessments do not provide insights into the direction, magnitude, and relative importance of individual biases. In such assessments, all potential biases are naively treated as equally important threats to validity and equally important across all research topics, potentially leading to inappropriate conclusions about the overall strength of the available evidence. Instead, risk of bias assessments be should focused on identifying a few of the most likely influential sources of bias, based on methodologic and subject matter expertise, classifying each specific study on the basis of on how effectively it has addressed each potential bias, and determining whether results differ across studies in relation to susceptibility to each hypothesized source of bias. This approach provides insight into the potential impact of each specific bias, identifies a subset of studies likely to best approximate the causal effect, and suggests design features needed to improve future research.

scholarly journals Frameworks and quality measures used for debriefing in team-based simulation: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Endacott ◽  
Thomas Gale ◽  
Anita O’Connor ◽  
Samantha Dix
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
High Quality Score

ObjectivesThe skill of the debriefer is known to be the strongest independent predictor of the quality of simulation encounters yet educators feel underprepared for this role. The aim of this review was to identify frameworks used for debriefing team-based simulations and measures used to assess debriefing quality.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, MedLine and Embase databases for simulation studies that evaluated a debriefing framework. Two reviewers evaluated study quality and retrieved information regarding study methods, debriefing framework, outcome measures and debriefing quality.ResultsA total of 676 papers published between January 2003 and December 2017 were identified using the search protocol. Following screening of abstracts, 37 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, 26 studies met inclusion criteria for quality appraisal and 18 achieved a sufficiently high-quality score for inclusion in the evidence synthesis. A debriefing framework was used in all studies, mostly tailored to the study. Impact of the debrief was measured using satisfaction surveys (n=11) and/or participant performance (n=18). Three themes emerged from the data synthesis: selection and training of facilitators, debrief model and debrief assessment. There was little commonality across studies in terms of participants, experience of faculty and measures used.ConclusionsA range of debriefing frameworks were used in these studies. Some key aspects of debrief for team-based simulation, such as facilitator training, the inclusion of a reaction phase and the impact of learner characteristics on debrief outcomes, have no or limited evidence and provide opportunities for future research particularly with interprofessional groups.

The Effects of Training the Humeral Rotators on Arm Elevation in the Scapular Plane

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Durall ◽  
George J Davies ◽  
Thomas W Kernozek ◽  
Mark H Gibson ◽  
Dennis CW Fater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scapular Plane

Context:It has been hypothesized that the fibers of the infraspinatus and subscapularis superior to the glenohumeral axis of rotation contribute directly to arm elevation.Objective:To test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of 5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training in a modified neutral position on scapular-plane arm-elevation peak torque.Design:Prospective, pretest/posttest with control group.Participants:24 female and 6 male noninjured college students (N = 30).Main Outcome Measures:Scapular-plane-elevation peak torque at 60, 180, and 300°/s.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no difference in peak torque between groups at any of the angular velocities tested (P< .05)Conclusions:5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training did not significantly increase scapular-plane-elevation peak torque.

scholarly journals COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Lemasters ◽  
Erin McCauley ◽  
Kathryn Nowotny ◽  
Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Incarcerated Populations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reporting Data

Abstract Background COVID-19 has entered United States prison systems at alarming rates. Disparities in social and structural determinants of health disproportionately affect those experiencing incarceration, making them more vulnerable to COVID-19. Additionally, prisons are sites of congregate living, making it impossible to practice social distancing, and most prisons have relied only on incremental measures to reduce risk and spread of COVID-19. To more fully understand the impact that COVID-19 is having on incarcerated populations, it is critical to have systematic data on testing, test positivity, cases, and case fatality. Using data from the COVID Prison Project, we present data on 53 prison systems COVID-19 testing, test positivity, case, and case fatality by state and compare these data with each state’s general population. We do this for the early stages of the pandemic, utilizing data through July 15, 2020. Results Many states are not reporting full information on COVID testing with some also not reporting on case fatality. Among those reporting data, there is a wide variation between testing, test positivity, and case rates within prison systems and as compared to the general population. However, when more tests are deployed more cases are identified with the majority of state prisons having higher case rates than their general population. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for the implementation and study of COVID-19 mitigation and surveillance strategies to flatten the COVID-19 curve in prisons across the country. We call for future research to build on these data from the COVID Prison Project to protect the health of our nations’ often forgotten residents.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Cases and Testing in 53 Prison Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine LeMasters ◽  
Erin McCauley ◽  
Kathryn Nowotny ◽  
Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Incarcerated Populations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reporting Data

Background: COVID-19 has entered United States prison systems at alarming rates. Disparities in social and structural determinants of health disproportionately affect those experiencing incarceration, making them more vulnerable to COVID-19. Additionally, prisons are sites of congregate living, making it impossible to practice social distancing, and most prisons have relied only on incremental measures to reduce risk and spread of COVID-19. To more fully understand the impact that COVID-19 is having on incarcerated populations, it is critical to have systematic data on testing, test positivity, cases, and case fatality. Using data from the COVID Prison Project, we present data on 53 prison systems COVID-19 testing, test positivity, case, and case fatality by state and compare these data with each state's general population. Results: Many states are not reporting full information on COVID testing with some also not reporting on case fatality. Among those reporting data, there is a wide variation between testing, test positivity, and case rates within prison systems and as compared to the general population. However, when more tests are deployed more cases are identified with the majority of state prisons having higher case rates than their general population. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for the implementation and study of COVID-19 mitigation and surveillance strategies to flatten the COVID-19 curve in prisons across the country. We call for future research to build on this data from the COVID Prison Project to protect the health of our nations' often forgotten residents.

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