Reduction of Visceral Adiposity Underlies the Improvement of Arterial Stiffness through Aerobic Exercise Training

This study aimed to clarify whether muscle-derived irisin secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial nitric oxide (NO) productivity in obesity. In animal study, 16 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with obesity were randomly divided into 2 groups: sedentary control (OLETF-CON) and 8-week aerobic treadmill training (OLETF-EX) groups. In human study, 15 subjects with obesity completed 8-week aerobic exercise training for 45 min at 60%–70% peak oxygen uptake intensity for 3 days/week. As a result of animal study, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was decreased, and arterial phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), circulating levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and irisin, and muscle messenger RNA expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) were increased in the OLETF-EX group compared with OLETF-CON group. In a human study, regular aerobic exercise reduced cfPWV and elevated circulating levels of NOx and irisin. Furthermore, change in circulating irisin levels by regular exercise was positively correlated with circulating NOx levels and was negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training-induced increase in irisin secretion may be related to reduction of arterial stiffness achieved by NO production via activated arterial AMPK–Akt–eNOS signaling pathway in obesity. Novelty Aerobic exercise training promoted irisin secretion with upregulation of muscle Fndc5 gene expression in rats with obesity. Irisin affected the activation of arterial AMPK–Akt–eNOS signaling by aerobic exercise training. Increased serum irisin level by aerobic exercise training was associated with reduction of arterial stiffness in obese adults.

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Increased serum salusin-α by aerobic exercise training correlates with improvements in arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults

Aging ◽

10.18632/aging.102678 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 1201-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shumpei Fujie ◽

Natsuki Hasegawa ◽

Kiyoshi Sanada ◽

Takafumi Hamaoka ◽

Seiji Maeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Middle Aged

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Sex differences in resting hemodynamics and arterial stiffness following 4 weeks of resistance versus aerobic exercise training in individuals with pre-hypertension to stage 1 hypertension

Biology of Sex Differences ◽

10.1186/2042-6410-2-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Scott R Collier ◽

Vincent Frechette ◽

Kathryn Sandberg ◽

Patrick Schafer ◽

Hong Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Stage 1

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The impact of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffness in pre- and hypertensive subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.072 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 173 (3) ◽

pp. 361-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

David Montero ◽

Enrique Roche ◽

Alejandro Martinez-Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

The Impact

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Acute and Chronic Impact of Dynamic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Older Hypertensives

The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal ◽

10.2174/1874192400802010003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Kunihiko Aizawa ◽

Robert J Petrella

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Dynamic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Arterial Distensibility

Arterial stiffness increases with ageing and hypertension. Regular physical activity has been recommended as an important management component of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute impact of maximal dynamic exercise and the effect of 20 weeks of aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness of the carotid and brachial arteries in older hypertensives. Nine previously sedentary and treated older hypertensives (2 men and 7 women, age 68.2 ± 5.4 yrs) performed maximal treadmill exercise to volitional fatigue while arterial stiffness indices (arterial distensibility and β stiffness index) were measured prior to, immediately (about 10 min) following, and 24 h following maximal exercise. These measurements were repeated following 20 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. Maximal exercise had no impact on arterial stiffness indices immediately and 24 h following exercise intervention. Following 20 weeks of training, arterial stiffness indices remained unchanged at rest and following maximal exercise. These data show that, in older hypertensives, 1) acute maximal dynamic exercise had no impact on arterial stiffness of the carotid and brachial arteries, and 2) 20 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training failed to modify arterial stiffness.

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Aerobic exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in metabolic syndrome

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00151.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 116 (11) ◽

pp. 1396-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

David A. Donley ◽

Sara B. Fournier ◽

Brian L. Reger ◽

Evan DeVallance ◽

Daniel E. Bonner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Applanation Tonometry ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffening ◽

Myocardial Efficiency

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a threefold increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality partly due to increased arterial stiffening. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffening/mechanics in MetS subjects without overt CVD or type 2 diabetes. MetS and healthy control (Con) subjects underwent 8 wk of exercise training (ExT; 11 MetS and 11 Con) or remained inactive (11 MetS and 10 Con). The following measures were performed pre- and postintervention: radial pulse wave analysis (applanation tonometry) was used to measure augmentation pressure and index, central pressures, and an estimate of myocardial efficiency; arterial stiffness was assessed from carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV, applanation tonometry); carotid thickness was assessed from B-mode ultrasound; and peak aerobic capacity (gas exchange) was performed in the seated position. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and CVD risk (Framingham risk score) were also assessed. cfPWV was reduced ( P < 0.05) in MetS-ExT subjects (7.9 ± 0.6 to 7.2 ± 0.4 m/s) and Con-ExT (6.6 ± 1.8 to 5.6 ± 1.6 m/s). Exercise training reduced ( P < 0.05) central systolic pressure (116 ± 5 to 110 ± 4 mmHg), augmentation pressure (9 ± 1 to 7 ± 1 mmHg), augmentation index (19 ± 3 to 15 ± 4%), and improved myocardial efficiency (155 ± 8 to 168 ± 9), but only in the MetS group. Aerobic capacity increased ( P < 0.05) in MetS-ExT (16.6 ± 1.0 to 19.9 ± 1.0) and Con-ExT subjects (23.8 ± 1.6 to 26.3 ± 1.6). MMP-1 and -7 were correlated with cfPWV, and both MMP-1 and -7 were reduced post-ExT in MetS subjects. These findings suggest that some of the pathophysiological changes associated with MetS can be improved after aerobic exercise training, thereby lowering their cardiovascular risk.

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The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training Frequency on Arterial Stiffness in a Hyperglycemic State in Middle-Aged and Elderly Females

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3498

Author(s):

Ryota Kobayashi ◽

Kenji Asaki ◽

Takeo Hashiguchi ◽

Hideyuki Negoro

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Glucose Intake ◽

Training Frequency ◽

Rate Intensity

The frequency of aerobic exercise training in reducing the increase in arterial stiffness during acute hyperglycemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the aerobic exercise training frequency on arterial stiffness in a hyperglycemic state in middle-aged and elderly females. Twenty healthy elderly people were randomly assigned to a two-times-a-week (T2, n = 10) and four-times-a-week (T4, n = 10) exercise group. All participants exercised for 35 min per session, which consisted of jogging exercises with a heart rate intensity of 65%. Brachial-ankle (ba), and heart-brachial (hb) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured before, 4 and 8 weeks after intervention; before the oral ingestion of 75-g of glucose; and 30, 60, and 90 min after ingestion. The baPWV before and 4 weeks after the intervention increased in both groups (p < 0.05), but only increased 8 weeks after intervention in the T2 group. hbPWV was unchanged before, 4 and 8 weeks after intervention in both groups. These findings show that frequent aerobic exercise suppresses the increase in arterial stiffness following glucose intake. The results of this study can be used to support the implementation of exercise programs for middle-aged and elderly patients.

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