scholarly journals Effects Of Arm-cranking Training With Electrical Muscle Stimulations Of Lower Limbs On The Endothelial Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Hajime Miura ◽  
Mizuki Ishikawa ◽  
Ayako Murakami ◽  
Yasuaki Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Electrical Muscle

Effects of Arm-cranking Training with Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Vessel Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Miura ◽  
Mizuki Ishikawa ◽  
Ayako Murakami ◽  
Yasuaki Tamura ◽  
Kenichi Deguchi
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation ◽  
Electrical Muscle

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether arm-cranking training with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) results in a greater improvement in vessel function than performing the same exercise without EMS. First, nine healthy young men performed two 20-min arm-cranking trials at 50% V˙O2max with and without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery was measured using a high-resolution ultrasound device. Both FMD and normalized FMD were increased significantly after the arm-cranking with EMS trial, and significant differences were observed between the two trials. Second, 16 healthy adult men were randomly assigned to either the arm-cranking exercise training (A) group or arm-cranking training with EMS (A+EMS) group. The subjects were engaged in 20 min of arm-cranking at 50% V˙O2max twice a week for 8 weeks with/without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The FMD increased significantly after A+EMS training session and the FMD in A+EMS group was significantly higher than that in the A group. These results indicate that acute/chronic endurance arm-cranking with EMS applied to the lower limbs improves the brachial artery endothelial function more markedly than the same exercise without EMS.

scholarly journals Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents reduction in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation after strenuous exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. H533-H538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom G. Bailey ◽  
Gurpreet K. Birk ◽  
N. Timothy Cable ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Dependent Function

Strenuous exercise is associated with an immediate decrease in endothelial function. Repeated bouts of ischemia followed by reperfusion, known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), is able to protect the endothelium against ischemia-induced injury beyond the ischemic area. We examined the hypothesis that RIPC prevents the decrease in endothelial function observed after strenuous exercise in healthy men. In a randomized, crossover study, 13 healthy men performed running exercise preceded by RIPC of the lower limbs (4 × 5-min 220-mmHg bilateral occlusion) or a sham intervention (sham; 4 × 5-min 20-mmHg bilateral occlusion). Participants performed a graded maximal treadmill running test, followed by a 5-km time trial (TT). Brachial artery endothelial function was examined before and after RIPC or sham, as well as after the 5-km TT. We measured flow-mediated dilation (FMD), an index of endothelium-dependent function, using high-resolution echo-Doppler. We also calculated the shear rate area-under-the-curve (from cuff deflation to peak dilatation; SRAUC). Data are described as mean and 95% confidence intervals. FMD changed by <0.6% immediately after both ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham interventions ( P > 0.30). In the sham trial, FMD changed from 5.1 (4.4–5.9) to 3.7% (2.6–4.8) following the 5-km TT ( P = 0.02). In the RIPC trial, FMD changed negligibly from 5.4 (4.4–6.4) post-IPC and 5.7% (4.6–6.8) post 5-km TT ( P = 0.60). Baseline diameter, SRAUC, and time-to-peak diameter were all increased following the 5-km TT ( P < 0.05), but these changes did not influence the IPC-mediated maintenance of FMD. In conclusion, these data indicate that strenuous lower-limb exercise results in an acute decrease in brachial artery FMD of ∼1.4% in healthy men. However, we have shown for the first time that prior RIPC of the lower limbs maintains postexercise brachial artery endothelium-dependent function at preexercise levels.

scholarly journals Traumatic brachial plexus injury rehabilitation using neuromuscular electrical muscle stimulation in a polytrauma patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e232107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Anne Rich ◽  
Abraham Newell ◽  
Timothy Williams
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Physiotherapy Programme ◽  
Polytrauma Patient ◽  
Electrical Muscle

We report a 28-year-old man admitted postmotorcycle versus car in September 2017. The patient sustained multiple injuries in both the upper and lower limbs. He sustained a complex brachial plexus injury on his left side and was transferred immediately to Stanmore Hospital to undergo specialist surgery (supraclavicular brachial plexus exploration and neurolysis) to repair his brachial plexus injury. The patient was transferred back to the specialist trauma ward for additional surgeries for his subsequent injuries. Due to the complexity of the injury and surgery the patient was not able to start rehabilitation until six weeks post operation, at which point he was referred to outpatient physiotherapy. Prior to this his left upper limb was in a sling but was instructed to move it as able. The patient commenced his comprehensive physiotherapy programme in January 2018.

Evidence of a limb- and shear stress stimulus profile-dependent impact of high-intensity cycling training on flow-mediated dilation

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Trevor J. King ◽  
Kyra E. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cycling Training

Lower limb endurance training can improve conduit artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to transient increases in shear stress (reactive hyperemia; RH-FMD) in both the upper and lower limbs. Sustained increases in shear stress recruit a partially distinct transduction pathway and elicit a physiologically relevant FMD response (SS-FMD) that provides distinct information regarding endothelial function. However, the impact of training on SS-FMD is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cycling training on handgrip exercise-induced brachial artery (BA) FMD (BA SS-FMD) and calf plantar-flexion-induced superficial femoral artery (SFA) FMD (SFA SS-FMD). RH-FMD was also assessed in both arteries. Twenty-eight young males were randomized to control (n = 12) or training (n = 16) groups. The training group cycled 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks at 80% heart rate reserve. FMD was assessed in the BA and SFA before and after the intervention via Duplex ultrasound. Results are means ± SD. Training did not impact SS-FMD in either artery, and SFA RH-FMD was also unchanged (p > 0.05). When controlling for the shear rate stimulus via covariate analysis, BA RH-FMD improved in the training group (p = 0.05) (control – pre-intervention: 5.7% ± 2.4%, post-intervention: 5.3% ± 2.4%; training – pre-intervention: 5.4% ± 2.5%, post-intervention: 7.2% ± 2.4%). Thus, endurance training resulted in nonuniform adaptations to endothelial function, with an isolated impact on the BA’s ability to transduce a transient increase in shear stress. Novelty Training did not alter SS-FMD in the arm or leg. RH-FMD was augmented in the arm only. Thus training adaptations were limb- and shear stress profile-specific.

Impact of acute exposure to increased hydrostatic pressure and reduced shear rate on conduit artery endothelial function: a limb-specific response

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. H1103-H1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Ryan D. Sheldon ◽  
Diana M. Sitar ◽  
Sean C. Newcomer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Conduit Artery

Unlike quadrupeds, humans exhibit a larger hydrostatic pressure in the lower limbs compared with the upper limbs during a major part of the day. It is plausible that repeated episodes of elevated pressure in the legs may negatively impact the endothelium, hence contributing to the greater predisposition of atherosclerosis in the legs. We tested the hypothesis that an acute exposure to increased hydrostatic pressure would induce conduit artery endothelial dysfunction. In protocol 1, to mimic the hemodynamic environment of the leg, we subjected the brachial artery to a hydrostatic pressure gradient (∼15 mmHg) by vertically hanging the arm for 3 h. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed in both arms before and following the intervention. In protocol 2, we directly evaluated popliteal artery FMD before and after a 3-h upright sitting (pressure gradient ∼48 mmHg) and control (supine position) intervention. Our arm-hanging model effectively resembled the hemodynamic milieu (high pressure and low shear rate) present in the lower limbs during the seated position. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation at the brachial artery was attenuated following arm hanging ( P < 0.05); however, contrary to our hypothesis, upright sitting did not have an impact on popliteal artery endothelial function ( P > 0.05). These data suggest an intriguing vascular-specific response to increased hydrostatic pressure and reduced shear rate. Further efforts are needed to determine if this apparent protection of the leg vasculature against an acute hydrostatic challenge is attributable to posture-induced chronic adaptations.

scholarly journals Relationship between upper and lower limb conduit artery vasodilator function in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
Nicola Rowley ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Grant H. Simmons ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
Healthy Humans

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular disease and is believed to represent a “barometer” of systemic endothelial health. Although a recent study [Padilla et al. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 235: 1287–1291, 2010] in pigs confirmed a strong correlation between brachial and femoral artery endothelial function, it is unclear to what extent brachial artery FMD represents a systemic index of endothelial function in humans. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from our laboratory to evaluate relationships between the upper (i.e., brachial artery) vs. lower limb (superficial femoral n = 75; popliteal artery n = 32) endothelium-dependent FMD and endothelium-independent glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)-mediated dilation in young, healthy individuals. We also examined the relationship between FMD assessed in both brachial arteries ( n = 42). There was no correlation between brachial and superficial femoral artery FMD ( r2 = 0.008; P = 0.46) or between brachial and popliteal artery FMD ( r2 = 0.003; P = 0.78). However, a correlation was observed in FMD between both brachial arteries ( r2 = 0.34; P < 0.001). Brachial and superficial femoral artery GTN were modestly correlated ( r2 = 0.13; P = 0.007), but brachial and popliteal artery GTN responses were not ( r2 = 0.08; P = 0.11). Collectively, these data indicate that conduit artery vasodilator function in the upper limbs (of healthy humans) is not predictive of that in the lower limbs, whereas measurement of FMD in one arm appears to be predictive of FMD in the other. These data do not support the hypothesis that brachial artery FMD in healthy humans represents a systemic index of endothelial function.

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