scholarly journals Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents reduction in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation after strenuous exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. H533-H538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom G. Bailey ◽  
Gurpreet K. Birk ◽  
N. Timothy Cable ◽  
Greg Atkinson ◽  
Daniel J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Dependent Function

Strenuous exercise is associated with an immediate decrease in endothelial function. Repeated bouts of ischemia followed by reperfusion, known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), is able to protect the endothelium against ischemia-induced injury beyond the ischemic area. We examined the hypothesis that RIPC prevents the decrease in endothelial function observed after strenuous exercise in healthy men. In a randomized, crossover study, 13 healthy men performed running exercise preceded by RIPC of the lower limbs (4 × 5-min 220-mmHg bilateral occlusion) or a sham intervention (sham; 4 × 5-min 20-mmHg bilateral occlusion). Participants performed a graded maximal treadmill running test, followed by a 5-km time trial (TT). Brachial artery endothelial function was examined before and after RIPC or sham, as well as after the 5-km TT. We measured flow-mediated dilation (FMD), an index of endothelium-dependent function, using high-resolution echo-Doppler. We also calculated the shear rate area-under-the-curve (from cuff deflation to peak dilatation; SRAUC). Data are described as mean and 95% confidence intervals. FMD changed by <0.6% immediately after both ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and sham interventions ( P > 0.30). In the sham trial, FMD changed from 5.1 (4.4–5.9) to 3.7% (2.6–4.8) following the 5-km TT ( P = 0.02). In the RIPC trial, FMD changed negligibly from 5.4 (4.4–6.4) post-IPC and 5.7% (4.6–6.8) post 5-km TT ( P = 0.60). Baseline diameter, SRAUC, and time-to-peak diameter were all increased following the 5-km TT ( P < 0.05), but these changes did not influence the IPC-mediated maintenance of FMD. In conclusion, these data indicate that strenuous lower-limb exercise results in an acute decrease in brachial artery FMD of ∼1.4% in healthy men. However, we have shown for the first time that prior RIPC of the lower limbs maintains postexercise brachial artery endothelium-dependent function at preexercise levels.

scholarly journals Remote ischemic preconditioning and endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 3519-3519
Author(s):  
N. Ryazankina ◽  
V. Manchurov ◽  
T. Khmara ◽  
E. Vasilieva ◽  
A. Shpektor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

scholarly journals Study of endothelial function in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Nidhi Pandey ◽  
Poonam Goel ◽  
Anita Malhotra ◽  
Reeti Mehra ◽  
Navjot Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: The objective of the study was to assess vascular function in normal pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes and to study its temporal relationship with gestational age at 24-28-week POG and at 36-38-week POG and changes in FMD in postpartum period.Methods: Assessment of vascular function was done at 24-28-week POG, 36-38-week POG and at 6-12-week postpartum by flow mediated dilation of brachial artery in 37 healthy pregnant women and 37 pregnant women with GDM.Results: In GDM group mean FMD at 24-28 weeks of POG, at 36-38 weeks POG was lower as compared to the control group (11.225±6.20,8.464±6.09 versus 14.49±5.21, 10.898±4.12) although the difference in mean FMD in two groups was not statistically significant. It was found that the decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28 weeks POG was statistically significant in both the groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study revealed that when endothelial function as assessed by FMD was compared at different period of gestation, the mean decrease in FMD at 36-38-week POG as compared to 24-28-week POG and 6-week post-partum was statistically significant in patients with GDM and as well as the control group, however this trend of change was same in both the groups and was not statistically significant when compared between the two group (GDM versus control). A negative correlation of FMD was found with BMI, and HBA1c, that was stronger in GDM group.

Preserved flow-mediated dilation in the inactive legs of spinal cord-injured individuals

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. H374-H380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. E. de Groot ◽  
Fleur Poelkens ◽  
Miriam Kooijman ◽  
Maria T. E. Hopman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Dilatory Response ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

The aim of the study was to assess endothelial function, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), in an inactive extremity (leg) and chronically active extremity (arm) within one subject. Eleven male spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals and eleven male controls (C) were included. Echo Doppler measurements were performed to measure FMD responses after 10 and 5 min of arterial occlusion of the leg (superficial femoral artery, SFA) and the arm (brachial artery, BA), respectively. A nitroglycerine spray was administered to determine the endothelium independent vasodilatation in the SFA. In the SFA, relative changes in FMD were significantly enhanced in SCI compared with C (SCI: 14.1 ± 1.3%; C: 9.2 ± 2.3%), whereas no differences were found in the BA (SCI: 12.5 ± 2.9%; C: 14.2 ± 3.3%). Because the FMD response is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus, the FMD response was also expressed relative to the shear rate. No differences between the groups were found for the FMD-to-shear rate ratio in the SFA (SCI:0.061 ± 0.023%/s−1; C: 0.049 ± 0.024%/s−1), whereas the FMD-to-shear rate ratio was significantly decreased in the BA of SCI individuals (SCI: 0.037 ± 0.01%/s−1; C: 0.061 ± 0.027%/s−1). The relative dilatory response to nitroglycerine did not differ between the groups. (SCI: 15.6 ± 2.0%; C: 13.4 ± 2.3%). In conclusion, our results indicate that SCI individuals have a preserved endothelial function in the inactive legs and possibly an attenuated endothelial function in the active arms compared with controls.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelium-Dependent Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial Artery

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akimi Uehata ◽  
Eric H Lieberman ◽  
Marie D Gerhard ◽  
Todd J Anderson ◽  
Peter Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Cuff Occlusion

Coronary atherosclerosis is characterized by an early loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, the methods of assessing coronary endothelial function are invasive and difficult to repeat over time. Recently, a noninvasive ultrasound method has been widely used to measure flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery as a surrogate test for endothelial function. We seek to further validate this method of measuring vascular function. The brachial artery diameters and blood flow of 20 normal volunteers (10 males and 10 females) were measured using high resolution (7.5 MHz) ultrasound and strain gauge plethysmography. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured in the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia after 5 minutes of cuff occlusion in the upper arm. The brachial artery diameter increased maximally by 9.7 ± 4.3% from baseline at 1 min after cuff release and blood flow increased by 1002 ± 376%. Five min of cuff occlusion was sufficient to achieve 97 ± 6% of maximal brachial artery dilation and degree of dilation was not different whether the cuff was inflated proximally or distally to the image site. The intraobserver variability in measuring brachial diameters was 2.9 % and the variability of the hyperemic response was 1.4%. In young, healthy men and women, the baseline brachial artery diameter was the only factor that was predictive of the flow-mediated vasodilation response. The brachial noninvasive technique has been further validated by the determination of flow-mediated dilation. This method of assessing endothelial function may help to determine the importance of vasodilator dysfunction as a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of macro and microvascular function in aging males

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C Babcock ◽  
Lyndsey E. DuBose ◽  
Teresa L. Witten ◽  
Ashley Brubaker ◽  
Brian L. Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Artery Flow

Aging is associated with reductions in endothelial function, observations primarily reported using brachial artery ultrasound. There is growing interest in the use of peripheral artery tonometry (PAT) of microvessels in the fingertip to assess endothelial function because it is less technically demanding and has a high sensitivity and specificity for assessing coronary endothelial function. Moreover, similar to brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD), PAT predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. However, the relation between PAT and FMD have yet to be examined in the context of aging. To address this question, reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using EndoPAT and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using brachial artery ultrasound were assessed after five minutes of forearm ischemia in twenty younger (18-40 years old; 29±4 years) and twenty older (60-75 years old; 65±4 years) healthy adult men. Higher values of both FMD and RHI indicate better endothelial function. Endothelial function assessed via brachial artery FMD was lower in older (4.8±2.1%), compared to younger (7.5±1.6%) men (p<0.001). In contrast, the RHI assessed via PAT was greater in older (2.2±0.6), compared to younger (1.8±0.5) men (p=0.014). FMD and RHI were not correlated (r=-0.15; p=0.35). We conclude that PAT may not be an appropriate measure to evaluate age-associated changes in endothelial function.

Arteriovenous fistula and pre-surgery mapping: Potential role of physical exercise on endothelial function

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Distefano ◽  
Luca Zanoli ◽  
Antonio Basile ◽  
Pasquale Fatuzzo ◽  
Antonio Granata
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
The Impact

Background: The success of the construction of an arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis is related to the vascular function of the vessels involved in the anastomosis, with particular reference to radial artery distensibility after reactive hyperaemia test and to the fall of resistance index. Only few studies have evaluated the impact of exercise protocols on the endothelial and morphological characteristics of the vessels of the upper limb with inconclusive results. In this pilot longitudinal study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a standardized exercise protocol on the haemodynamic and resistive index of the arteries of the upper limb of uraemic patients. Methods: A total of 17 uraemic patients planned to construct arteriovenous fistula at the distal third of the forearm were enrolled and followed up for 30 days. All patients performed repeated handgrips for 30 min/day. The arterial parameters were detected before and after an ischaemic stress of 5 min and radial and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was evaluated as well as radial artery resistance index. Results: Pre-exercise measurements of radial artery diameter and resistance index and brachial artery diameter were not modified by 30 days hand physical exercise, whereas the post-exercise haemodynamic were improved. Consequently, flow-mediated dilation of the radial artery was improved (21% ± 14% vs 30% ± 19%; p = 0.03) and resistance index of the radial artery was reduced ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: Exercise has beneficial effects on endothelial function of the radial artery by resistive index and, potentially, on the outcome of the arteriovenous fistula. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our preliminary data.

Abstract 3519: Modest Fat Gain Causes Endothelial Dysfunction In Lean Healthy Humans: A Randomized Blinded Controlled Trial

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Romero Corral ◽  
Justo Sierra-Johnson ◽  
Marek Orban ◽  
Apoor S Gami ◽  
Fatima H Sert Kuniyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation

Background: Endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery has been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. However, whether weight gain impairs endothelial function is unknown. Methods: A randomized blinded controlled-trial to assess the effects of weight gain on endothelial function. After a weight maintenance period supervised by an experience dietitian, volunteers were randomized to gain weight (4 kg) or maintain weight. We recruited lean (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ) healthy volunteers (no diseases, medications and non-smokers) from the community. Using ultrasound, endothelial function was measured by FMD and non-flow mediated dilation (NFMD) of the brachial artery in the early morning (6:30 a.m.). Endothelial function was measured at baseline, after fat gain at 8 weeks and after weight loss at 16 weeks for fat-gainers and at baseline and follow-up (8 weeks) for weight maintainers. Body composition techniques to measure body fat %, such as dual x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal CT scans were performed. Results: We recruited 35 fat-gainers and 8 weight maintainers. Mean age was 29 ± 6 years and 18 (42 %) were women. There were no differences in age, anthropometric and body composition measurements, blood pressure, heart rate or apnea hypopnea index at baseline between both groups. After an average gain of 4 kg, the fat-gainer group significantly increased their total, visceral and subcutaneous fat. Brachial artery FMD and NFMD remained unchanged in weight maintainers. However, it decreaed in fat-gainers (FMD=9.1 ± 3 vs. 7.6 ± 3.2, p=0.003 and NFMD=12.0 ± 4.9 vs. 10.1 ± 6.0, p=0.01), but recovered to baseline after subjects shed the gained weight (basleline vs. recovery: FMD=9.1 ± 3 vs. 9.0 ± 3, p=NS and NFMD =12.0 ± 4.9 vs.12.6 ± 5.0, p=NS). Visceral fat gain, but not subcutaneous fat gain was significantly correlated with the decrease in brachial artery FMD (rho =−0.42, p=0.004 and rho =−0.22, p=0.15, respectively). Conclusions: In lean healthy young subjects, modest weight gain results in impaired endothelial function, even in the absence of changes in blood pressure. Endothelial funcion recovers after weight loss. Viscerar rather than subcutaneous fat predicts endothelial dysfunction.

Influence of prostaglandins and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors on brachial and popliteal endothelial-dependent function in young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Petterson ◽  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Jarrett A. Johns ◽  
Jack Chiasson ◽  
Derek S. Kimmerly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Dependent Function

We compared changes in upper- and lower-limb artery endothelial-dependent vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor responses between control, prostaglandin inhibition, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor inhibition conditions. Neither prostaglandins nor endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor influenced flow-mediated dilation responses in either the brachial or popliteal artery. In contrast, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor, but not prostaglandins, reduced resting brachial artery blood flow and shear rate and resting popliteal artery diameter, as well as low-flow-mediated constriction responses in both the popliteal and brachial arteries.

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