Acute Effects of Exercise Intensity on Insulin Sensitivity under Energy Balance

Exercise is capable of influencing the regulation of energy balance by acutely modulating appetite and energy intake coupled to effects on substrate utilization. Yet, few studies have examined acute effects of exercise intensity on aspects of both energy intake and energy metabolism, independently of energy cost of exercise. Furthermore, little is known as to the gender differences of these effects. One hour after a standardised breakfast, 40 (19 female), healthy participants (BMI 23.6 ± 3.6 kg·m−2, V̇O2peak 34.4 ± 6.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) undertook either high-intensity intermittent cycling (HIIC) consisting of 8 repeated 60 s bouts of cycling at 95% V̇O2peak or low-intensity continuous cycling (LICC), equivalent to 50% V̇O2peak, matched for energy cost (∼950 kJ) followed by 90 mins of rest, in a randomised crossover design. Throughout each study visit, satiety was assessed subjectively using visual analogue scales alongside blood metabolites and GLP-1. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization were measured over 75 min postexercise via indirect calorimetry. Energy intake was assessed for 48 h postintervention. No differences in appetite, GLP-1, or energy intakes were observed between HIIC and LICC, with or without stratifying for gender. Significant differences in postexercise nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were observed between intensities in both genders, coupled to a significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio following HIIC (P = 0.0028), with a trend towards greater reductions in respiratory exchange ratioin males (P = 0.079). In conclusion, high-intensity exercise, if energy matched, does not lead to greater appetite or energy intake, but may exert additional beneficial metabolic effects that may be more pronounced in males.

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Correction: Acute effects of exercise intensity on subsequent substrate utilisation, appetite, and energy balance in men and women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2020-0446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 915-915

Author(s):

Ghalia Shamlan ◽

Paul Bech ◽

M. Denise Robertson ◽

Adam L. Collins

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Men And Women ◽

Substrate Utilisation

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Effects of Physical Inactivity on Insulin Sensitivity, Appetite, Energy Balance, and Cardiovascular Responses in Humans.

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04172090 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Cardiovascular Responses

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The impact of regular activity and exercise intensity on the acute effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1111/sms.14050 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Engeroff ◽

Winfried Banzer ◽

Daniel Niederer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

The Impact

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Abstract 58: Angiotensin-(1-7) Mas Receptors In The Arcuate Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus Protect Against High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance In Female Mice

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.58 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Darren Mehay ◽

Sarah Bingaman ◽

Yuval Silberman ◽

Amy Arnold

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Control Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Outcomes

Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a protective hormone of the renin-angiotensin system that improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and energy balance in obese rodents. Our recent findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) activates mas receptors (MasR) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), a brain region critical to control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, to induce these positive metabolic effects. The distribution of MasR in the ARC and their role in metabolic regulation, however, is unknown. We hypothesized: (1) MasR are expressed in the ARC; and (2) deletion of ARC MasR leads to worsened metabolic outcomes following high fat diet (HFD). To test this, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed a 60% HFD or matched control diet ad libitum for 12 weeks. RNAscope in situ hybridization was performed on coronal ARC sections in rostral-middle-caudal regions to determine percentage of MasR positive neurons (n=5/group). In a second experiment, we assessed body composition and insulin and glucose tolerance in transgenic mice with deletion of MasR in ARC neurons (MasR-flox with AAV5-hsyn-GFP-Cre). RNAscope revealed a wide distribution on MasR-positive cells throughout the rostral to caudal extent of the ARC. The average percentage of MasR positive neurons was increased in females versus males, with HFD tending to increase MasR expression in both sexes (control diet male: 11±2; control diet female: 17±3; HFD male: 15±5; HFD female: 24±2; p sex : 0.030; p diet : 0.066; p int : 0.615; two-way ANOVA). Deletion of MasR in ARC neurons worsened insulin sensitivity in HFD but not control diet females (area under the curve for change in glucose from baseline: -1989±1359 HFD control virus vs. 2530±1762 HFD Cre virus; p=0.016), while fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, and body composition did not change. There was no effect of ARC MasR deletion on metabolic outcomes in control diet or HFD male mice. These findings suggest females have more MasR positive neurons in the ARC compared to males, which may be a sex-specific protective mechanism for glucose homeostasis. While further studies are needed to explore the role of ARC MasR in metabolic regulation, these findings support targeting Ang-(1-7) as an innovative strategy in obesity.

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Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite,ad libitumenergy intake and energy balance in human subjects

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512001201 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 556-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

N. T. Gregersen ◽

A. Belza ◽

M. G. Jensen ◽

C. Ritz ◽

C. Bitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Few Data

Chilli peppers have been shown to enhance diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and reduce energy intake (EI) in some studies, but there are few data on other pungent spices. The primary aim of the present study was to test the acute effects of black pepper (pepper), ginger, horseradish and mustard in a meal on 4 h postprandial DIT. The secondary aim was to examine the effects on subjective appetite measures,ad libitumEI and energy balance. In a five-way placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over trial, twenty-two young (age 24·9 (sd4·6) years), normal-weight (BMI 21·8 (sd2·1) kg/m2) males were randomly assigned to receive a brunch meal with either pepper (1·3 g), ginger (20 g), horseradish (8·3 g), mustard (21 g) or no spices (placebo). The amounts of spices were chosen from pre-testing to make the meal spicy but palatable. No significant treatment effects were observed on DIT, but mustard produced DIT, which tended to be larger than that of placebo (14 %, 59 (se3)v.52 (se2) kJ/h, respectively,P= 0·08). No other spice induced thermogenic effects approaching statistical significance. Subjective measures of appetite (P>0·85),ad libitumEI (P= 0·63) and energy balance (P= 0·67) also did not differ between the treatments. Finally, horseradish decreased heart rate (P= 0·048) and increased diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·049) compared with placebo. In conclusion, no reliable treatment effects on appetite, EI or energy balance were observed, although mustard tended to be thermogenic at this dose. Further studies should explore the possible strength and mechanisms of the potential thermogenic effect of mustard actives, and potential enhancement by, for example, combinations with other food components.

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