Correction: Acute effects of exercise intensity on subsequent substrate utilisation, appetite, and energy balance in men and women

Exercise is capable of influencing the regulation of energy balance by acutely modulating appetite and energy intake coupled to effects on substrate utilization. Yet, few studies have examined acute effects of exercise intensity on aspects of both energy intake and energy metabolism, independently of energy cost of exercise. Furthermore, little is known as to the gender differences of these effects. One hour after a standardised breakfast, 40 (19 female), healthy participants (BMI 23.6 ± 3.6 kg·m−2, V̇O2peak 34.4 ± 6.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) undertook either high-intensity intermittent cycling (HIIC) consisting of 8 repeated 60 s bouts of cycling at 95% V̇O2peak or low-intensity continuous cycling (LICC), equivalent to 50% V̇O2peak, matched for energy cost (∼950 kJ) followed by 90 mins of rest, in a randomised crossover design. Throughout each study visit, satiety was assessed subjectively using visual analogue scales alongside blood metabolites and GLP-1. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization were measured over 75 min postexercise via indirect calorimetry. Energy intake was assessed for 48 h postintervention. No differences in appetite, GLP-1, or energy intakes were observed between HIIC and LICC, with or without stratifying for gender. Significant differences in postexercise nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were observed between intensities in both genders, coupled to a significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio following HIIC (P = 0.0028), with a trend towards greater reductions in respiratory exchange ratioin males (P = 0.079). In conclusion, high-intensity exercise, if energy matched, does not lead to greater appetite or energy intake, but may exert additional beneficial metabolic effects that may be more pronounced in males.

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When energy balance is maintained, exercise does not induce negative fat balance in lean sedentary, obese sedentary, or lean endurance-trained individuals

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00958.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 107 (6) ◽

pp. 1847-1856 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Edward L. Melanson ◽

Wendolyn S. Gozansky ◽

Daniel W. Barry ◽

Paul S. MacLean ◽

Gary K. Grunwald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Sedentary Control ◽

Men And Women ◽

Energy Replacement ◽

The Impact

Fat oxidation during exercise is increased by endurance training, and evidence suggests that fat oxidation during exercise is impaired in obesity. Thus the primary aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of exercise on 24-h fat oxidation and fat balance in lean sedentary [LS, n = 10, body mass index (BMI) = 22.5 ± 6.5 kg/m2], lean endurance-trained (LT, n = 10, BMI = 21.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2), and obese sedentary (OS, n = 7, BMI = 35.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2) men and women. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured under sedentary (control; CON) and exercise (EX) conditions while maintaining energy balance. During EX, subjects performed 1 h of stationary cycling at 55% of aerobic capacity. Twenty-four-hour fat oxidation did not differ on the CON or EX day in LS (43 ± 9 vs. 29 ± 7 g/day, respectively), LT (53 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 5 g/day), or OS (58 ± 7 vs. 80 ± 9 g/day). However, 24-h fat balance was significantly more positive on EX compared with CON ( P < 0.01). Twenty-four-hour glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) profiles were similar on the EX and CON days, but after consumption of the first meal, FFA concentrations remained below fasting levels for the remainder of the day. These data suggest that when exercise is performed with energy replacement (i.e., energy balance is maintained), 24-h fat oxidation does not increase and in fact, may be slightly decreased. It appears that the state of energy balance is an underappreciated factor determining the impact of exercise on fat oxidation.

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The impact of regular activity and exercise intensity on the acute effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports ◽

10.1111/sms.14050 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Engeroff ◽

Winfried Banzer ◽

Daniel Niederer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

The Impact

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#3: ACUTE EFFECTS OF MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ON PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN PATTERNS IN MEN AND WOMEN

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-198101320-00143 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Doris Lennon ◽

Peter Hanson ◽

Earl Shrago

Keyword(s):

Plasma Lipoprotein ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Men And Women

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Thermal responses of men and women during cold-water immersion: influence of exercise intensity

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology ◽

10.1007/bf00705092 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

William D. McArdle ◽

Michael M. Toner ◽

John R. Magel ◽

Robert J. Spinal ◽

Kent B. Pandolf

Keyword(s):

Exercise Intensity ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Cold Water Immersion ◽

Men And Women

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Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite,ad libitumenergy intake and energy balance in human subjects

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512001201 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 556-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

N. T. Gregersen ◽

A. Belza ◽

M. G. Jensen ◽

C. Ritz ◽

C. Bitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Few Data

Chilli peppers have been shown to enhance diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and reduce energy intake (EI) in some studies, but there are few data on other pungent spices. The primary aim of the present study was to test the acute effects of black pepper (pepper), ginger, horseradish and mustard in a meal on 4 h postprandial DIT. The secondary aim was to examine the effects on subjective appetite measures,ad libitumEI and energy balance. In a five-way placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over trial, twenty-two young (age 24·9 (sd4·6) years), normal-weight (BMI 21·8 (sd2·1) kg/m2) males were randomly assigned to receive a brunch meal with either pepper (1·3 g), ginger (20 g), horseradish (8·3 g), mustard (21 g) or no spices (placebo). The amounts of spices were chosen from pre-testing to make the meal spicy but palatable. No significant treatment effects were observed on DIT, but mustard produced DIT, which tended to be larger than that of placebo (14 %, 59 (se3)v.52 (se2) kJ/h, respectively,P= 0·08). No other spice induced thermogenic effects approaching statistical significance. Subjective measures of appetite (P>0·85),ad libitumEI (P= 0·63) and energy balance (P= 0·67) also did not differ between the treatments. Finally, horseradish decreased heart rate (P= 0·048) and increased diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·049) compared with placebo. In conclusion, no reliable treatment effects on appetite, EI or energy balance were observed, although mustard tended to be thermogenic at this dose. Further studies should explore the possible strength and mechanisms of the potential thermogenic effect of mustard actives, and potential enhancement by, for example, combinations with other food components.

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