The Impact of Lower Limb Immobilization and Rehabilitation on Angiogenic Proteins and Capillarization in Skeletal Muscle

AbstractImpaired skeletal muscle quality is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes in acute respiratory failure. However, conventional methods for skeletal muscle assessment are inapplicable in the critical care setting. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of computed tomography (CT) fatty muscle fraction (FMF) as a biomarker of muscle quality in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). To calculate FMF, paraspinal skeletal muscle area was obtained from clinical CT and separated into areas of fatty and lean muscle based on densitometric thresholds. The cohort was binarized according to median FMF. Patients with high FMF displayed significantly increased 1-year mortality (72.7% versus 55.8%, P = 0.036) on Kaplan–Meier analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was built to test the impact of FMF on outcome. FMF was identified as a significant predictor of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio per percent FMF, 1.017 [95% confidence interval, 1.002–1.033]; P = 0.031), independent of anthropometric characteristics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction Score, and duration of ECMO support. To conclude, FMF predicted 1-year mortality independently of established clinical prognosticators in ECMO patients and may have the potential to become a new muscle quality imaging biomarker, which is available from clinical CT.

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The impact of catecholamines on skeletal muscle following massive burns: Friend or foe?

Burns ◽

10.1016/j.burns.2021.01.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Blears ◽

Evan Ross ◽

John O. Ogunbileje ◽

Craig Porter ◽

Andrew J. Murton

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

The Impact

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Simulation of human lower limb skeletal muscle motion based on deep learning

International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management ◽

10.1007/s13198-021-01261-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuesi Huang ◽

Weilin Wang ◽

Ravi Tomar

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Lower Limb

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Re: ‘Editor's Choice – The Impact of Early Pelvic and Lower Limb Reperfusion and Attentive Peri-operative Management on the Incidence of Spinal Cord Ischemia During Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Endovascular Repair’

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.10.023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 315-316

Author(s):

M.S. Farooq

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Endovascular Repair ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Spinal Cord Ischemia ◽

Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Operative Management ◽

The Impact

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The Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/9363461 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Qun Wang ◽

Wen Liu ◽

Fangyan Liu ◽

Ailing Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Nuclear Receptor ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Early Response ◽

Orphan Receptor ◽

Special Focus ◽

Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

The Impact

Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a transcriptional factor of the nuclear orphan receptor (NR4A) superfamily that has sparked interest across different research fields in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that ligand-independent NR4A1 is an immediate-early response gene and the protein product is rapidly induced by a variety of stimuli. Hyperfunction or dysfunction of NR4A1 is implicated in various metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy balance, in major metabolic tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, pancreatic tissues, and adipose tissues. No endogenous ligands for NR4A1 have been identified, but numerous compounds that bind and activate or inactivate nuclear NR4A1 or induce cytoplasmic localization of NR4A1 have been identified. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and physiological functions of NR4A1. And we focus on the physiological functions of NR4A1 receptor to the development of the metabolic diseases, with a special focus on the impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and islet.

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Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in human skeletal muscle in response to an ultraendurance exercise bout in experienced athletes

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01538.2011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 66-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Peter Marklund ◽

C. Mikael Mattsson ◽

Britta Wåhlin-Larsson ◽

Elodie Ponsot ◽

Björn Lindvall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mhc Class I ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽

Class I ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Class I Mhc ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

The Impact

The impact of a 24-h ultraendurance exercise bout on systemic and local muscle inflammatory reactions was investigated in nine experienced athletes. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected before (Pre), immediately after the exercise bout (Post), and after 28 h of recovery (Post28). Circulating blood levels of leukocytes, creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and selected inflammatory cytokines were assessed together with the evaluation of the occurrence of inflammatory cells (CD3+, CD8+, CD68+) and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) in skeletal muscle. An extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in all athletes, and the number of CD3+, CD8+, and CD68+ cells were two- to threefold higher at Post28 compared with Pre ( P < 0.05). The inflammatory cell infiltration was associated with a significant increase in the expression of MHC class I in muscle fibers. There was a significant increase in blood leukocyte count, IL-6, IL-8, CRP, and CK at Post. At Post28, total leukocytes, IL-6, and CK had declined, whereas IL-8 and CRP continued to increase. Increases in IL-1β and TNF-α were not significant. There were no significant associations between the magnitude of the systemic and local muscle inflammatory reactions. Signs of muscle degenerative and regenerative events were observed in all athletes with various degrees of severity and were not affected by the 24-h ultraendurance exercise bout. In conclusion, a low-intensity but very prolonged single-endurance exercise bout can generate a strong inflammatory cell infiltration in skeletal muscle of well-trained experienced ultraendurance athletes, and the amplitude of the local reaction is not proportional to the systemic inflammatory response.

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Investigating the impact of passive external lower limb compression on central and peripheral hemodynamics during exercise

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-016-3331-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 717-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jennifer Book ◽

Chekema N. Prince ◽

Rodrigo Villar ◽

Richard L. Hughson ◽

Sean D. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Peripheral Hemodynamics ◽

The Impact ◽

Limb Compression

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Antecubital Vein Cannula Position Impacts Assessment of Forearm Glucose Uptake During an Oral Glucose Challenge in Healthy Volunteers

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-1275-4038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cécile Bétry ◽

Aline V. Nixon ◽

Paul L. Greenhaff ◽

Elizabeth J. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Whole Body ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Antecubital Vein ◽

Glucose Challenge ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Skeletal muscle is a major site for whole-body glucose disposal, and determination of skeletal muscle glucose uptake is an important metabolic measurement, particularly in research focussed on interventions that impact muscle insulin sensitivity. Calculating arterial-venous difference in blood glucose can be used as an indirect measure for assessing glucose uptake. However, the possibility of multiple tissues contributing to the composition of venous blood, and the differential in glucose uptake kinetics between tissue types, suggests that sampling from different vein sites could influence the estimation of glucose uptake. This study aimed to determine the impact of venous cannula position on calculated forearm glucose uptake following an oral glucose challenge in resting and post-exercise states. Materials and Methods In 9 young, lean, males, the impact of sampling blood from two antecubital vein positions; the perforating vein (‘perforating’ visit) and, at the bifurcation of superficial and perforating veins (‘bifurcation’ visit), was assessed. Brachial artery blood flow and arterialised-venous and venous blood glucose concentrations were measured in 3 physiological states; resting-fasted, resting-fed, and fed following intermittent forearm muscle contraction (fed-exercise). Results Following glucose ingestion, forearm glucose uptake area under the curve was greater for the ‘perforating’ than for the ‘bifurcation’ visit in the resting-fed (5.92±1.56 vs. 3.69±1.35 mmol/60 min, P<0.01) and fed-exercise (17.38±7.73 vs. 11.40±7.31 mmol/75 min, P<0.05) states. Discussion Antecubital vein cannula position impacts calculated postprandial forearm glucose uptake. These findings have implications for longitudinal intervention studies where serial determination of forearm glucose uptake is required.

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