scholarly journals An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamena Anwar ◽  
Hanming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Unique Dataset

We propose a simple model of trooper behavior to design empirical tests for whether troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, and whether they exhibit relative racial prejudice in motor vehicle searches. Our test of relative racial prejudice provides a partial solution to the well-known inframarginality and omitted-variables problems associated with outcome tests. When applied to a unique dataset from Florida, our tests soundly reject the hypothesis that troopers of different races are monolithic in their search behavior, but the tests fail to reject the hypothesis that troopers of different races do not exhibit relative racial prejudice.

The American Challenge of the Twenties: Multinationals and the European Motor Industry

1982 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Foreman-Peck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Motor Industry

The different rates of technical progress in Western Europe and the United States, exemplified by the motor industry, created a problem of adjustment in international payments by the 1920s. American direct investment in manufacturing in Europe was a manifestation of technological superiority and a partial solution to the payments problem. The scale of their operations gave the American motor vehicle firms an advantage even in foreign production. An alternative way of closing the technological gap, the transfer of machine tools and trained men from America to Europe, allowed the European motor vehicle producers to compete without becoming entirely American-owned.

scholarly journals PROTOTIPE PERANGKAT NOTIFIKASI UNTUK SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO PRO MICRO

CCIT Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah ◽  
Mochamad Ibnu Safari ◽  
Handri Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Smartphone Technology ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Arduino Microcontroller ◽  
Oled Display ◽  
As If

The widespread use of smartphones in all societies make increasing demands of smartphone accessories tools for ease of its use in everyday life. As if the user is in public, attending a meeting, or are driving a motor vehicle. Apart from the rapid use of smartphone technology on society, there is also the technology in the field of microcontroller that can be said to be rapid development in people's daily life, namely that a module arduino microcontroller. Therefore, we need a microcontroller-based devices that can help the user to display the condition of smartphones such as the presence of incoming messages or incoming calls to the smartphone, small size and can be implemented in accordance with the user's work. By using prototypes in the process of designing a simple model that can represent the actual future results and methods of the blackbox for testing this tool to determine whether the software and hardware to work properly and has been as expected. Can produce a device that functions as a media notification for smartphones such as short messages and incoming calls, and has an interface OLED Display. It can help users Smartphone in everyday life.

scholarly journals Racial Bias in Motor Vehicle Searches: Additional Theory and Evidence

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhammika Dharmapala ◽  
Stephen L Ross
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
African American Males ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Reverse Discrimination ◽  
Offense Severity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Knowles, Persico, and Todd (2001) develop a model of police search and offender behavior. Their model implies that if police are unprejudiced the rate of guilt should not vary across groups. Using data from Interstate 95 in Maryland, they find equal guilt rates for African-Americans and whites and conclude that the data is not consistent with racial prejudice against African-Americans. This paper generalizes the model of Knowles, Persico, and Todd by accounting for the fact that potential offenders are frequently not observed by the police, and by including two different levels of offense severity. We show that the data is consistent with prejudice against African-American males, no prejudice, and reverse discrimination, depending on the type of equilibrium that exists. Additional analyses, based on stratification by type of vehicle and time of day, do not shed any light on the nature of the equilibrium.

Case Exercise: Biomechanics in Rearend Motor Vehicle Collisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Multiple factors determine the likelihood, type, and severity of bodily injury following a motor vehicle collision and, in turn, influence the need for treatment, extent of disability, and likelihood of permanent impairment. Among the most important factors is the change in velocity due to an impact (Δv). Other factors include the individual's strength and elasticity, body position at the time of impact, awareness of the impending impact (ie, opportunity to brace, guard, or contract muscles before an impact), and effects of braking. Because Δv is the area under the acceleration vs time curve, it combines force and duration and is a useful way to quantify impact severity. The article includes a table showing the results of a literature review that concluded, “the consensus of human subject research conducted to date is that a single exposure to a rear-end impact with a Δv of 5 mph or less is unlikely to result in injury” in most healthy, restrained occupants. Because velocity incorporates direction as well as speed, a vehicular occupant is less likely to be injured in a rear impact than when struck from the side. Evaluators must consider multiple factors, including the occupant's pre-existing physical and psychosocial status, the mechanism and magnitude of the collision, and a variety of biomechanical variables. Recommendations based solely on patient history and physical findings (and, perhaps, imaging studies) may be ill-informed.

105: Renal Injury Mechanisms in Motor Vehicle Collisions: Analysis of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Dataset

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
James K. Kuan ◽  
Robert Kaufman ◽  
Jonathan L. Wright ◽  
Charles Mock ◽  
Avery B. Nathens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Injury Research
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