scholarly journals Competition and Entry in Agricultural Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 3705-3747
Author(s):  
Lauren Falcao Bergquist ◽  
Michael Dinerstein
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Agricultural Markets ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Total Surplus

African agricultural markets are characterized by low farmer revenues and high consumer food prices. Many have worried that this wedge is partially driven by imperfect competition among intermediaries. This paper provides experimental evidence from Kenya on intermediary market structure. Randomized cost shocks and demand subsidies are used to identify a structural model of market competition. Estimates reveal that traders act consistently with joint profit maximization and earn median markups of 39 percent. Exogenously induced firm entry has negligible effects on prices, and low take-up of subsidized entry offers implies large fixed costs. We estimate that traders capture 82 percent of total surplus. (JEL L13, O13, Q11, Q12, Q13)

A multi-sided market of personal data resource allocation: An empirical study of China’s car-hailing platform

2021 ◽  
pp. 178359172110512
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Miltos Ladikas ◽  
Guangxi He ◽  
Julia Hahn ◽  
Jens Schippl
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Technology And Economy

The current rapid development of online car-hailing services creates a serious challenge to the existing paradigm of market governance and antitrust policy. However, the debate on the market structure of the car-hailing platform requires more empirical evidence to uncover its functions. This research adopts an interdisciplinary methodology based on computer science and economics, and including software reverse engineering tools applied to the interoperability of the terminal application and resource allocation model, to demonstrate the topological market structure of personal data resources allocation in China’s car-hailing industry. Within the discussion of the hybrid nature of technology and economy, the analysis results clearly show that China’s car-hailing platform services present a multi-sided market structure when seen from the perspective of personal data resource allocation. Personal data resource (PDR), that is considered an essential market resource, is applied as an asset transferred unhindered between platforms via the application programming interface, and thus, creating a new market allocation mechanism. The connection between the car-hailing platforms and social media platforms is an essential aspect of the market competition in the domain. As applications of online platforms increase in the global context, this research offers a new perspective in personal data resource allocation with implications for the governance of the platform economy.

scholarly journals Oligopoly competition on market with food products

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Severová ◽  
L. Kopecká ◽  
R. Svoboda ◽  
J. Brčák
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Oligopolistic Competition ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Dominant Firm ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Oligopoly Competition ◽  
The Impact

Oligopoly can be defined as a market model of the imperfect competition type, assuming the existence of only a few companies in a sector or industry, from which at least some have a significant market share and can therefore influence the production prices in the market. Many models of oligopoly that differ from one another mostly in the nature of the competitive companies’ behaviour can be found through the study of oligopolistic structures. Some models describe only the behaviour of two companies in the monitored market (duopoly), others describe several companies of the same power (cartel), still others assume that one of the companies has a dominant position in the market, etc. The text of this article deals with oligopolistic competition in the food market in the terms of the behaviour of grocers and with the impact of this competition upon the market competition in the sector. First, it mentions the agreements on common cooperation and procedure, when cartel market structure originates. It also analyzes the examples of behaviour of oligopoly with a dominant firm on the market with products in the food sector, with the goal of detecting whether the market with these products is significantly influenced by the oligopolistic behaviour of companies.  

scholarly journals Local and Global Dynamics of a Constraint Profit Maximization for Bischi–Naimzada Competition Duopoly Game

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh S Askar ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Khedhairi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Critical Curves ◽  
Local And Global Dynamics ◽  
Realistic Situation

The Bischi–Naimzada game is a market competition between two firms with the objective of maximizing profits under limited information. In this article, we study a more generalized and realistic situation that takes into account the sales constraints. we generalize the economic model suggested by Bischi–Naimzada by introducing and studying the maximization of profits based on sales constraints. Our motivation in this paper is the studying of profit and sales constraints maximization and their influences on the game’s dynamics. The local stability of the equilibrium points of the proposed model is discussed. It examines how the dynamics of the proposed two-dimensional competition game model focusing on changes in both the speed of the adjustment and the sales constraint parameters. The map describing the game is proven to be noninvertible and yields many multi-stable, complex dynamics and the coexistence chaotic attractors may arise. The global behavior of the map is achieved by studying the critical curves. The numerical simulations demonstrate the coexistence of two attractors and complex structures of the attraction basins. Several examples are discussed in order to confirm all the analytical results obtained.

A Field Too Crowded? How Measures of Market Structure Shape Nonprofit Fiscal Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Paarlberg ◽  
Seung-Ho An ◽  
Rebecca Nesbit ◽  
Robert K. Christensen ◽  
Justin Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Sector Data

This article explores how various dimensions of market structure, often used to measure organizational crowding, affect the fiscal health of nonprofit organizations. Using 2011 National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS) nonprofit sector data, our findings generally support population ecology’s model of a curvilinear relationship between density and days of spending. However, we also find that single dimensions of market structure do not fully capture the effects of market competition. Increasing density has a negative effect on the fiscal health of organizations in markets in which resources are more evenly distributed among actors, whereas increasing density of organizations has a positive effect on organizational fiscal health in markets in which resources are less evenly distributed among actors. These results are sensitive to different specifications of fiscal health and field of nonprofit activity.

scholarly journals The Comparison Between Different Hospital Market Definition Approaches: An Empirical Analysis of 11 Representative Diseases in Sichuan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyong Lu ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Tianjao Lan ◽  
Jay Pan
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Hospital Market ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Fixed Radius

Objective: This study aims to provide empirical evidence for the controversy about whether the inference is consistent if alternative hospital market definition methods are employed, and for which definition method is the best alternative to the predicted patient flow approach.Data sources: Collecting data from the discharge data of inpatients and hospital administrative data of Sichuan province in China in the fourth quarter of 2018.Study Design: We employed Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) as the proxy of market competition used as an example to measure the hospital market structure. Correlation coefficients of HHIs based on different definition methods were assessed. The corresponding coefficient of each HHI estimated in identical regression models was then compared. In addition, since the predicted patient flow method has been argued by the literature of its advantages compared with the previous approaches, we took the predicted patient flow as a reference to compare with the other approaches.Data Extraction Methods: We selected the common diseases with a significant burden, and 11 diseases were included (902,767 hospitalizations).Principal Findings: The correlation coefficients of HHIs based on different market definition methods are all significantly greater than 0, and the coefficients of HHIs are different in identical regression models. Taking the predicted patient flow approach as a reference, we found that the correlation coefficients between HHIs based on fixed radius and predicted patient flow approach is larger than others, and their parameter estimates are all consistent.Conclusion: Although the HHIs based on different definition methods are significantly and positively correlated, the inferences about the effectiveness of market structure would be inconsistent when alternative market definition methods are employed. The fixed radius would be the best alternative when researchers want to use the predicted patient flow method to define the hospital market but are hindered by the data limitations and computational complexity.

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