scholarly journals Trends in US Spatial Inequality: Concentrating Affluence and a Democratization of Poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Cecile Gaubert ◽  
Patrick Kline ◽  
Damián Vergara ◽  
Danny Yagan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Us States ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Per Capita

We use Bureau of Economic Analysis, census, and Current Population Survey data to study trends in income inequality across US states and counties from 1960-2019. Both states and counties have diverged in terms of per capita pretax incomes since the late1990s, with transfers serving to dampen this divergence. County incomes have been diverging since the late 1970s. These trends in mean income mask opposing patterns among top-and bottom-income quantiles. Top incomes have diverged markedly across states since the late 1970s. In contrast, bottom-income quantiles and poverty rates have converged across areas in recent decades.

Comparable Worth: Limited Coverage and the Exacerbation of Inequality

ILR Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Comparable Worth ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Limited Coverage

Citing relevant judicial decisions, the author argues that any application of the comparable worth remedy for gender discrimination is likely to cover only certain groups of workers. Most likely to be covered are women who work for governmental or large private employers in female-dominated jobs, and least likely to be covered are women who work for small private employers. The implementation of comparable worth would cause the wages of noncovered workers to fall relative to those of covered workers, and they might even fall absolutely. An analysis of 1979 Current Population Survey data suggests that the women most likely to gain from comparable worth are fewer in number, better paid, and subjected to no greater discrimination than the women most likely to lose.

The Relative Earnings of Vietnam and Korean-Era Veterans

ILR Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Annual Earnings

Using Current Population Survey data for 1967 and 1979, this paper compares the earnings of Vietnam veterans to those of Korean veterans (in both cases, relative to nonveterans) at similar points in their work lives—twelve to sixteen years after their discharge. In both 1967 and 1979, the unadjusted average annual earnings of veterans and nonveterans were similar. But an analysis that controls for such factors as education, age, race, and marital status shows that Vietnam veterans were worse off than their nonveteran contemporaries in that their rate of return per year of education was much lower. By contrast, Korean veterans were economically indistinguishable from nonveterans.

scholarly journals Is Job Stability Declining in the U.S. Economy?

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Swinnerton ◽  
Howard Wial
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
The U.S

Using Current Population Survey data, the authors examine changes in job stability during the 1980s. For consecutive four-year periods during 1979–91, they present estimates of four-year retention rates for workers with varying levels of employer-specific seniority. Retention rates of low-seniority workers rose between 1979–83 and 1983–87 but fell between 1983–87 and 1987–91. Retention rates for 1987–91 were typically lower than those for 1979–83, suggesting a secular decline in job stability during the 1980s.

scholarly journals The Ins and Outs of Cyclical Unemployment

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. L Elsby ◽  
Ryan Michaels ◽  
Gary Solon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Unemployment Spells

A dominant trend in recent modeling of labor market fluctuations is to treat unemployment inflows as acyclical. This trend has been encouraged by recent influential papers that stress the role of longer unemployment spells, rather than more unemployment spells, in accounting for recessionary unemployment. After reviewing an empirical literature going back several decades, we apply a convenient log change decomposition to Current Population Survey data to characterize rising unemployment in each postwar recession. We conclude that a complete understanding of cyclical unemployment requires an explanation of countercyclical inflow rates, especially for job losers (layoffs), as well as procyclical outflow rates. (JEL E24, E32)

Railroad Deregulation: Pricing Reforms, Shipper Responses, and the Effects on Labor

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. MacDonald ◽  
Linda C. Cavalluzzo
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Railroad Industry ◽  
Derived Demand

The Staggers Rail Act of 1980 relaxed restrictions on pricing and eased abandonment procedures in the railroad industry. Although the Act made virtually no reference to labor, its impact on labor has been dramatic. The long-term contraction of industry employment accelerated quite sharply after 1980. Wages increased until 1985, then declined substantially. The authors, whose empirical analysis uses data on aggregate rail employment for the years 1963–90, Current Population Survey data for 1973–88, and evidence from collective bargaining agreements for 1971–90, argue that pricing adjustments under the Staggers Act led to changes in shipper behavior, which in turn allowed for large declines in the derived demand for rail labor despite increasing output; and the observed pattern of wage change followed from the realization of the Act's eventual effects on employment.

Why Did Male Pension Coverage Decline in the 1980s?

ILR Review ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Even ◽  
David A. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Pension Coverage

This analysis of 1979 and 1988 May Current Population Survey data suggests explanations for why male pension coverage declined during the 1980s, and why the decline was particularly pronounced among young workers. During the 1980s, employment shifted toward jobs with lower pension coverage, and this shift was more pronounced among young workers than among older workers. More important than the reduction in the percentage of workers offered pensions, however, was reduced participation in pension plans. One factor contributing importantly to declining participation rates was the growing share of pensions that were 401 (k) plans; under such plans, participation is more voluntary than it is under other plans, and young workers are more likely than older workers to decline to participate.

scholarly journals The Growth of Temporary Services Work

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis M Segal ◽  
Daniel G Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
Sizable Fraction

Temporary services employment grew rapidly over the past several decades and now accounts for a sizable fraction of aggregate employment. The authors use Current Population Survey data to examine the changing nature of temporary work and discuss explanations for its growth. Temps are no longer overwhelmingly female or limited to clerical occupations. They have less labor market security than permanent workers, being prone to more unemployment and more underemployment. Few, however, are in temp positions a year later and the majority transition to permanent employment. Temp wages are approximately 20 percent below permanent workers, but individual and job characteristics explain approximately two-thirds of the gap.

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