scholarly journals Transmission of Toxoplasma gondil across the guinea-pig placenta

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingle Wright
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Pig Placenta

6 guinea-pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally at 4-54 days of pregnancy with 60 or 100 Toxoplasma cysts in mouse-brain saline suspension. All foetuses were infected. 3 sows died on 17-19th post-inoculation day, with signs of meningo-encephalitis, and displayed focal lymphocytic inflammation and, in 2, Toxoplasma rosette formation in the cerebral hemisphere. 6 Sows previoulsy inoculated with 100-200 cysts were followed in later pregnancy: 5 of 17 foetuses were found to be infected when delivered-a further 4, and 3 carneous moles, were not examined. 4 non-pregnant sows died at 12-14 days after inoculation with 100-200 cysts, with similar clinical signs to those in the first group. Antibody titres of 256 were found at 2½ weeks, rising to a maximum of 16 384 at 6 weeks. Levels were consistently falling by 12-14 weeks. Transmission across the placenta could not wholly be prevented by the presence of antibody except in high titre, and the important factor was concluded to be the parasitaemia. The strain RB is midway in virulence in guinea-pigs between strains RH and 76.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE GUINEA PIG PLACENTA

1936 ◽  
Vol 14b (5) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Pig Placenta ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

The lipid composition of the guinea pig placenta was found to vary with the duration of pregnancy. Between the 20th and the 40th days there occurred an increase in phospholipid and free cholesterol, both of which remained elevated from then on to term. There was no significant change at any time in the amount of cholesterol esters, but that of neutral fat increased steadily sixfold and more during pregnancy. These changes were interpreted as signifying a gradual change in placental lipid metabolism during pregnancy. The relation of this change to the transfer of lipids from mother to fetus, and its relation to the etiology of the lipemia of pregnancy in guinea pigs, are discussed.

scholarly journals Human Antibodies Can Cross Guinea Pig Placenta and Bind Its Neonatal Fc Receptor: Implications for Studying Immune Prophylaxis and Therapy during Pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Budo Struble ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Lilin Zhong ◽  
A. Lesher ◽  
Joel Beren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Neonatal Fc Receptor ◽  
Human Igg ◽  
Human Antibodies ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Pig Placenta ◽  
Hepatitis B Viral Infection

Despite increased use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody therapies, including during pregnancy, there is little data on appropriate animal models that could humanely be used to understand determinants of protection and to evaluate safety of these biologics in the mother and the developing fetus. Here, we demonstrate that pregnant guinea pigs can transport human IgG transplacentally at the end of pregnancy. We also observe that human IgG binds to an engineered soluble variant of the guinea pig neonatal Fc receptorin vitroin a manner similar to that demonstrated for the human variant, suggesting that this transplacental transport mirrors the receptor-based mechanism seen in humans. Using an intravenous antihepatitis B-specific immune globulin preparation as an example, we show that this transport results in neutralizing activity in the mother and the newborn that would potentially be prophylactic against hepatitis B viral infection. These preliminary data lay the groundwork for introducing pregnant guinea pigs as an appropriate model for the evaluation of antibody therapies and advancing the health of women and neonates.

159. MATERNAL NUTRITION AND GESTATIONAL AGE AFFECT PLACENTAL microRNA EXPRESSION IN THE GUINEA PIG

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
P. A. Grant ◽  
K. L. Kind ◽  
A. Sohlstrom ◽  
C. T. Roberts ◽  
J. A. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Pig Placenta

Maternal undernutrition restricts placental growth and nutrient supply to the fetus, but induces compensatory alterations in structure and function of the placenta. Maternal undernutrition in guinea pigs also restricts placental growth and alters structure, and changes expression of Igf1, Igf2, Slc2a1, Slc38a2 mRNA in mid and late gestation, consistent with nutritionally induced changes in nutrient transport across the placenta. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of target genes by translational inhibition and mRNA degradation and are present in the mammalian placenta. Effects of maternal undernutrition on their expression are unknown. We hypothesised that altered expression of key functional genes in the placenta in maternal undernutrition are in part due to altered expression of regulatory microRNAs. The effect of maternal food restriction on the expression of microRNAs in the guinea pig placenta was examined at D30 and D60 of gestation (term = D70). Guinea pigs were fed either ad libitum (AL) or restricted (R). MicroRNA expression was determined by Exiqon microarray v.8.1. In AL placentas, 119 microRNAs were upregulated (p<0.05), whilst 40 were down-regulated (p<0.05) at late compared to early gestation. In R placentas, 163 microRNAs were upregulated (p<0.05), whilst 123 were down-regulated (p<0.05) at late compared to early gestation. Of the 20 most abundant up-regulated microRNAs miR-Plus (ID 17871) and hsa-miR-411 were altered only in AL and hsa-miR-376a and -376b were altered only in R placenta. Of the 20 most abundant down-regulated microRNAs, 13 were altered only in AL and 14 only in R placentas. Placental expression of microRNAs changed with gestation, and maternal undernutrition modified this pattern and altered expression of many additional microRNAs in the guinea pig placenta. This suggests that miRNAs and factors that influence their expression may play a role in the structural and/or functional development of the placenta and hence fetal growth.

Sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) conjugation and excretion in fetal guinea pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Schenker ◽  
Joe Goldstein ◽  
Burton Combes
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Pig Placenta ◽  
Rate Limiting

Unconjugated and conjugated S35-labeled BSP were administered to viable fetal guinea pigs with intact placental circulation. Guinea pig placenta was virtually impermeable to unconjugated and conjugated BSP, thus permitting a comparison of the disposition of both dye compounds in the fetus, and additional comparison with adult guinea pigs receiving comparable weight-adjusted doses of BSP. Although conjugated BSP disappeared more slowly from plasma than unconjugated BSP in fetal and adult animals, it was delivered more rapidly into bile, indicating a shorter hepatic phase for conjugated BSP. The rate of delivery of both dye compounds into bile was considerably decreased in fetal guinea pigs when compared with values in adult animals. Biliary excretion of administered unconjugated BSP was disproportionately depressed, however, indicating that conjugation of BSP was impaired. Excretion of conjugated BSP into bile was also impaired in the fetus. Since conjugation appears to be impaired to a greater extent than excretion of conjugated and unconjugated BSP into bile in near-term fetal guinea pigs, conjugation, rather than excretion, is rate limiting in BSP delivery into bile in these animals.

ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE GUINEA PIG PLACENTA TO INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED PROGESTERONE-4-14C

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (II) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Castrén ◽  
L. Hirvonen ◽  
S. Närvänen ◽  
K. Soiva
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Pig Placenta ◽  
Pass Through

ABSTRACT The permeability of the guinea pig placenta to progesterone was studied by injecting progesterone-4-14C intravenously into seven pregnant guinea pigs, and determining the levels of radioactivity in the plasma samples taken from the mothers and foetuses during 15 minutes after the injection. The ratio of the levels of radioactivity in the plasma of the foetus to the level in the plasma of the mother increased with time. In three experiments progesterone-4-14C was injected into the umbilical vein of one of the foetuses in the uterus. Radioactivity was measured in the plasma samples that were taken from the mother from 2 to 23 minutes after the injection. A low level of radioactivity was also found in some of the plasma samples taken from the other foetuses. These observations show that radioactive progesterone or its metabolites pass through the guinea pig placenta in both directions.

scholarly journals Trichuris spp. in Animals, with Specific Reference to Neo-Tropical Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Kegan Romelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
A New Species

Trichuriasis is the clinical disease of animals infected with the parasite of the genus Trichuris. This review attempts to present information on Trichuris spp. infestation in neo-tropical rodents that are utilized for meat consumption by humans. Neo-tropical rodents utilized for meat production can be divided into two categories: those that have been domesticated, which include the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), and those that are on the verge of domestication, such as the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), lappe (Cuniculus paca/Agouti paca), and agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). This document reviews the literature on the species of Trichuris that affects the rodents mentioned above, as well as the clinical signs observed. The literature obtained spans over sixty years, from 1951 to 2020. Trichuris spp. was found in these neo-tropical rodents mentioned. However, there is a dearth of information on the species of Trichuris that parasitize these animals. The capybara was the only rodent where some molecular techniques were used to identify a new species named T. cutillasae. In most cases, Trichuris spp. was found in combination with other endoparasites, and was found at a low prevalence in the lappe and guinea pig. The presence of Trichuris spp. ranged from 4.62–53.85% in the agouti, 4.21–10.00% in the lappe, 50% in the capybaras, and 1–31% in guinea pigs. Further work must be done towards molecular identification of various Trichuris spp. present in these rodents, as well as the clinical effect of infection on the performance of agouti, lappe, capybara, and guinea pigs.

Transfer of lipids across the guinea pig placenta

1969 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Kayden ◽  
Joseph Dancis ◽  
William L. Money
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pig Placenta ◽  
Pig Placenta

scholarly journals Pathology and Pathophysiology of Inhalational Anthrax in a Guinea Pig Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Savransky ◽  
Daniel C. Sanford ◽  
Emily Syar ◽  
Jamie L. Austin ◽  
Kevin P. Tordoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ames Strain

ABSTRACTNonhuman primates (NHPs) and rabbits are the animal models most commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of medical countermeasures against anthrax in support of licensure under the FDA's “Animal Rule.” However, a need for an alternative animal model may arise in certain cases. The development of such an alternative model requires a thorough understanding of the course and manifestation of experimental anthrax disease induced under controlled conditions in the proposed animal species. The guinea pig, which has been used extensively for anthrax pathogenesis studies and anthrax vaccine potency testing, is a good candidate for such an alternative model. This study was aimed at determining the median lethal dose (LD50) of theBacillus anthracisAmes strain in guinea pigs and investigating the natural history, pathophysiology, and pathology of inhalational anthrax in this animal model following nose-only aerosol exposure. The inhaled LD50of aerosolized Ames strain spores in guinea pigs was determined to be 5.0 × 104spores. Aerosol challenge of guinea pigs resulted in inhalational anthrax with death occurring between 46 and 71 h postchallenge. The first clinical signs appeared as early as 36 h postchallenge. Cardiovascular function declined starting at 20 h postexposure. Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria was observed microscopically in multiple organs and tissues as early as 24 h postchallenge. Other histopathologic findings typical of disseminated anthrax included suppurative (heterophilic) inflammation, edema, fibrin, necrosis, and/or hemorrhage in the spleen, lungs, and regional lymph nodes and lymphocyte depletion and/or lymphocytolysis in the spleen and lymph nodes. This study demonstrated that the course of inhalational anthrax disease and the resulting pathology in guinea pigs are similar to those seen in rabbits and NHPs, as well as in humans.

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