scholarly journals Experimental induction of cervical lymphadenitis in guinea-pigs with group C streptococci

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Olson ◽  
R. L. Schueler ◽  
G. M. Riley ◽  
L. G. Morehouse
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Experimental Induction

Streptococcal lymphadenitis with macroscopic abscesses was induced in guinea-pigs when an isolate of Lancefield's group C streptococci of guinea-pig origin was sprayed orally. The disease was also produced in guinea-pigs when another isolate was injected sublingually but not when it was sprayed orally. Treatment with prednisolone did not increase the susceptibility to the latter isolant when sprayed orally. Abscesses could not be induced in the cervical lymph nodes of guineapigs exposed by injecting group E streptococci sublingually, although the organism was isolated from the cervical lymph nodes 2 days after inoculation. Neither could abscesses be induced by injecting these streptococci sublingually in guinea-pigs treated with prednisolone.

scholarly journals Pathology and Pathophysiology of Inhalational Anthrax in a Guinea Pig Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Savransky ◽  
Daniel C. Sanford ◽  
Emily Syar ◽  
Jamie L. Austin ◽  
Kevin P. Tordoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ames Strain

ABSTRACTNonhuman primates (NHPs) and rabbits are the animal models most commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of medical countermeasures against anthrax in support of licensure under the FDA's “Animal Rule.” However, a need for an alternative animal model may arise in certain cases. The development of such an alternative model requires a thorough understanding of the course and manifestation of experimental anthrax disease induced under controlled conditions in the proposed animal species. The guinea pig, which has been used extensively for anthrax pathogenesis studies and anthrax vaccine potency testing, is a good candidate for such an alternative model. This study was aimed at determining the median lethal dose (LD50) of theBacillus anthracisAmes strain in guinea pigs and investigating the natural history, pathophysiology, and pathology of inhalational anthrax in this animal model following nose-only aerosol exposure. The inhaled LD50of aerosolized Ames strain spores in guinea pigs was determined to be 5.0 × 104spores. Aerosol challenge of guinea pigs resulted in inhalational anthrax with death occurring between 46 and 71 h postchallenge. The first clinical signs appeared as early as 36 h postchallenge. Cardiovascular function declined starting at 20 h postexposure. Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria was observed microscopically in multiple organs and tissues as early as 24 h postchallenge. Other histopathologic findings typical of disseminated anthrax included suppurative (heterophilic) inflammation, edema, fibrin, necrosis, and/or hemorrhage in the spleen, lungs, and regional lymph nodes and lymphocyte depletion and/or lymphocytolysis in the spleen and lymph nodes. This study demonstrated that the course of inhalational anthrax disease and the resulting pathology in guinea pigs are similar to those seen in rabbits and NHPs, as well as in humans.

Quantitative studies on tissue transplantation immunity - VI. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with the rejection of homografts

1962 ◽  
Vol 156 (963) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Transfer Reaction ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions

If a guinea-pig R is sensitized by the transplantation of a skin homograft from a guinea-pig D , the intradermal injection into R of antigenic matter from D provokes an inflammatory response of delayed onset ( direct reaction ) that is outwardly and histologically similar to a tuberculin reaction. A reaction of the same kind is provoked when living cells expressed from the regional lymph nodes of R are injected intradermally into D ( transfer reaction ). The transfer reaction is interpreted as a local passive transfer of the state of reactivity dis­closed by the direct reaction. When due allowance is made for the sharing of antigens by members of outbred populations of guinea-pigs, both direct and transfer reactions are immunologically specific (§§ 2.3, 2.4, 3.1). The direct reaction can be provoked by cellular extracts (§ 2.3) as well as by living cells (§ 2-4). Its intensity is strongly correlated with the strength of the homograft reaction (§ 8). After sensitization by a single set of skin homografts, direct reactivity persists for a period of the order of hundreds of days (§ 4). ‘Hyperimmunization’ by the repeated injection of D cells into R is accompanied by a decline of direct reactivity (§ 6). The transfer reaction can be mediated through blood leucocytes (§ 3.2) and peritoneal exudate cells (§ 3.3) as well as by cells from lymph nodes. Although the regional node is the first node to be activated by a regional homograft, activity spreads thereafter to other nodes (§ 3.4). After the intravenous injection into R of 40 million lymphoid cells from D , transfer reactivity can be demonstrated in the leucocytes of R within 3 days (§ 3.2). Sensitized cells killed by heating, freezing or drying do not mediate the transfer reaction (§ 7.1). Extracts of leucocytes disrupted in the presence of deoxyribonuclease (Lawrence’s ‘transfer factor’) cannot deputize for living cells in the transfer reaction (§ 7.3), and evidence that such extracts can transfer direct reactivity to normal guinea-pigs is equivocal (§ 7.4). Disrupted leucocytes and especially blood platelets of syngeneic (‘isologous’) origin can give rise to violent non-specific delayed inflammatory reactions which resemble tuberculin reactions superficially but differ from them histologically (§ 7.3). Direct and transfer reactions were combined in an experiment in which cells or antigenic extracts from D were mixed with sensitized cells from R and then injected into a normal guinea-pig syngeneic with R (§ 3.5). Thus both direct and transfer reactions seem to depend essentially upon the local engagement of antigen with sensitized cells. Neither direct nor transfer reactions were affected by the administration of high doses of hydrocortisone (§ 5). It has not been possible to demonstrate direct or transfer reactions in mice, but the transfer reaction in rabbits is violent and prolonged (§ 3.0). (Other workers have demon­ strated direct reactivity in man.) The evidence, taken in the round, suggests that the delayed cutaneous inflammatory reactions revealed by the direct and transfer tests are manifestations of the homograft reaction, and not of an immunological reaction associated with some different iso-antigenic system. It thus supports the analogy long since drawn between the homograft and tuberculin reactions, and upholds the contention that the ‘second set’ homograft reaction reveals a pre-existing and not are-awakened (anamnestic) sensitivity (§ 8).

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Perla
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tract Disease

1. Normal guinea pigs exposed to tuberculous cage mates infected intraperitoneally and with no cutaneous ulceration readily contract spontaneous tuberculosis. 2. The incidence of spontaneous tuberculosis increases with the intensity and with the duration of exposure. 3. Spontaneous tuberculosis acquired from infected cage mates has with few exceptions the characters of an infection which has entered by way of the digestive tract, disease of mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes being conspicuous. 4. Guinea pigs exposed to tuberculous animals in the same room but not in the same cage may acquire tuberculosis which has the characters of a bronchiogenic infection associated with lesions of the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Lancefield type C streptococcal infections in strain 2 guinea-pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Fraunfelter ◽  
R. E. Schmidt ◽  
R. J. Beattie ◽  
F. M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Chronic Nephritis ◽  
Myocardial Degeneration ◽  
Type C ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Pleural Exudate

Streptococcal infections were diagnosed in a group of strain 2 guinea-pigs. 10 of the animals had cervical lymphadenitis with abscess formation. Other lesions noted were: widespread lymphadenitis, pericarditis, myocardial degeneration, peritonitis, pleuritis, and chronic nephritis. It was not proved that the nephritis was a result of the streptococcal infection, although a relationship was inferred. Chains of gram-positive cocci were seen in lymph nodes and pleural exudate. These organisms were cultured from the exudate and identified serologically as belonging to Lancefield's group C.

scholarly journals Characterization of a novel intratracheal aerosol challenge model of Brucella melitensis in guinea pigs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Hensel ◽  
D.G. Garcia-Gonzalez ◽  
S.P. Chaki ◽  
J. Samuel ◽  
A.M. Arenas-Gamboa
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Post Inoculation

AbstractB. melitensis is considered the most virulent of the Brucella species, and a need exists for an improved laboratory animal model of infection that mimics natural transmission and disease. Guinea pigs are highly susceptible to infection with Brucella spp. and develop a disease syndrome that mimics natural disease after aerosol inoculation. Intratracheal inoculation is a targeted means of generating aerosols that offer advantages over aerosol chamber delivery. To establish this delivery method, female, Hartley guinea pigs were infected via intratracheal inoculation with PBS or 16M B. melitensis at low dose (101 to 103) or high dose (106 to 108) and monitored for 30 days for signs of disease. Guinea pigs in the high dose groups developed fever between 12-17 days post-inoculation. Bacteria were recovered from the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, lung, and uterus at 30-days post-inoculation and demonstrated dose dependent mean increases in colonization and pathologic changes consistent with human brucellosis. To study the kinetics of extrapulmonary dissemination, guinea pigs were inoculated with 107 CFU and euthanized at 2-hours post inoculation and at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. 5.8×105 to 4.2×106 CFU were recovered from the lung 2 hours post-inoculation indicating intratracheal inoculation is an efficient means of infecting guinea pigs. Starting at 1-week post inoculation bacteria were recovered from the aforementioned organs with time dependent mean increases in colonization. This data demonstrates that guinea pigs develop a disease syndrome that models the human manifestation of brucellosis, which makes the guinea pig a valuable model for pathogenesis studies.Author summaryBrucellosis is caused by a gram-negative, intracellular bacterial pathogen with a worldwide distribution and affects up to half a million people per year. It is a neglected zoonosis that impacts not only animal welfare, but also exert economic pressure on afflicted individuals through loss of wages and decreased productivity. In people, recurrent fever, malaise, and anorexia accompanied by enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes are common clinical symptoms of infection. The mouse model has been used extensively to study the pathogenesis of brucellosis, but there are drawbacks to extrapolating studies in mice to develop vaccines or therapeutics for people. Mice are frequently inoculated via intraperitoneal injection, which is an artificial means of producing disease that does not mimic natural transmission or disease features, such as fever. An animal model is needed that can be infected through natural transmission routes and subsequently develop a syndrome that matches clinical disease seen in people in order to study the pathogenesis of disease and to develop vaccines and therapeutics. The guinea pig offers an improvement on the mouse model because it can be infected via aerosol inoculation and develops fever, a humoral immune response, systemic colonization, and macroscopic and microscopic lesions of disease. As such, guinea pigs could be used a more biologically relevant model for evaluation of host-pathogen interactions.

Cervical lymphadenitis as a result of (Hijab) pin prick in north of Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-288
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gharaibeh ◽  
◽  
Ahmed Al Wadiya ◽  
Ahmad Gharaibeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Disease Aetiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Head Cover ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction. Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. Hijab is a head cover worn by some Muslim women in the presence of any adult male outside of their immediate family, which usually covers the head, neck and chest. It is strictly forbidden to Muslim woman to unveil any single hair of her head, so they use many pins around the head to fix their Hijab. Often, while using pins they are self-pricked. Aim. The main aim of our work is to reveal a new cause of lymphadenopathy, which is not known till now. Material and methods. Retrospective study during the past five years among seventy-five female outpatients, visited our Oral and Maxillofacial clinic in dental department. Our data was collected according to medical history of patients; all female patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were using (A hijab). Results. Data collected of 75 female patients. Lymphadenopathy causes were various. Most of these causes resulted from nonspecific lymphadenitis (67 patients), 4 tuberculosis, 2 lymphoma, 2 cat scratch disease. Aetiology of 67 nonspecific lymphadenitis was 40 patients of dental cause, 10 of sore throat, 7 of acne vulgaris, 3 of mild facial injuries, and 7 of (Hijab pin pricks). Conclusion. Hijab pin prick cervical lymphadenitis in Islamic communities is not uncommon and, unexplained cervical lymphadenitis should be considered as potential cause.

Pediatric Cervical Lymphadenitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 063-068
Author(s):  
Preeti Jaggi ◽  
Patrick Walz ◽  
Shaina Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

AbstractEnlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck region is a common presenting symptom in the pediatric population as the upper aerodigestive tract is a common source of inoculation of many infectious agents. While infectious processes—both viral and bacterial and both acute and chronic—are the most likely etiology of enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, other potential causes including inflammatory conditions and malignancy should be considered in the evaluation of cervical adenopathy. In this article, the anatomy and physiology as well as pathophysiology of the head and neck lymphatic system will be reviewed as this relates to clinical presentation of cervical lymphadenitis. Also, the myriad causes for cervical adenopathy will be discussed with a comprehensive review of the epidemiology of infectious etiologies. An evidence-based framework for the diagnostic workup and therapeutic interventions available to appropriately manage infectious cervical lymphadenitis will be reviewed, and the complications that can result from failure to adequately diagnose and treat cervical lymphadenitis will be discussed.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

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