Lancefield type C streptococcal infections in strain 2 guinea-pigs

Streptococcal infections were diagnosed in a group of strain 2 guinea-pigs. 10 of the animals had cervical lymphadenitis with abscess formation. Other lesions noted were: widespread lymphadenitis, pericarditis, myocardial degeneration, peritonitis, pleuritis, and chronic nephritis. It was not proved that the nephritis was a result of the streptococcal infection, although a relationship was inferred. Chains of gram-positive cocci were seen in lymph nodes and pleural exudate. These organisms were cultured from the exudate and identified serologically as belonging to Lancefield's group C.

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Hypoplastic Enamel Defects in the Guinea Pig: Effects of β-Streptococcal Infections, Fever, Abscess Formation, and Ether Anesthesia

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345710500064801 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1635-1641 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William K. Elwood

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Significant Role ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Abscess Formation ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Ether Anesthesia ◽

Enamel Defects

β-Streptococcal infection and its sequelae did not play a significant role in the development of hypoplastic enamel defects. Hypoplastic enamel faults occurred that could not be related to any of the experimental procedures. A genetic or other component may influence the susceptibility of guinea pigs to hypoplastic enamel lesions.

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Experimental induction of cervical lymphadenitis in guinea-pigs with group C streptococci

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367776781035251 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 223-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. D. Olson ◽

R. L. Schueler ◽

G. M. Riley ◽

L. G. Morehouse

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Experimental Induction

Streptococcal lymphadenitis with macroscopic abscesses was induced in guinea-pigs when an isolate of Lancefield's group C streptococci of guinea-pig origin was sprayed orally. The disease was also produced in guinea-pigs when another isolate was injected sublingually but not when it was sprayed orally. Treatment with prednisolone did not increase the susceptibility to the latter isolant when sprayed orally. Abscesses could not be induced in the cervical lymph nodes of guineapigs exposed by injecting group E streptococci sublingually, although the organism was isolated from the cervical lymph nodes 2 days after inoculation. Neither could abscesses be induced by injecting these streptococci sublingually in guinea-pigs treated with prednisolone.

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STUDIES IN THE RELATION OF THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS TO RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.3.4.482 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 482-503

Author(s):

T. N. HARRIS ◽

SUSANNA HARRIS ◽

RUTH L. NAGLE

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

The Other ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽

Streptococcal Antigens ◽

The Mean

Titrations of antibodies to four streptococcal antigens have been carried out in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever and of convalescents from streptococcal infections. These antigens are the hyaluronidase, the hemolysin, and two somatic fractions, the cytoplasmic particles and supernate proteins. Mean titers to all of these antigens were elevated in both rheumatic and streptococcal infection. The mean titer was somewhat higher in rheumatic than in streptococcal infection in the case of three of these antibodies. In the case of the fourth, antihyaluronidase, this difference was considerably greater. The antihyaluronidase titer showed better correlation with changes in the activity of the rheumatic infection than did the other tests. There was, however, no striking correlation between this titer and the severity of the illness. Application was made of these findings to the problem of laboratory diagnosis of rheumatic fever by streptococcal serology. A method is presented for assessing the relative usefulness of such tests in terms of the, distribution of their titers in this disease and in health. By this method the antihyaluronidase test was found to be most useful of the four. The comparative diagnostic value for rheumatic fever was studied in the case of the antihyaluronidase test, the antistreptolysin test, and of combinations of both tests.

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URINARY EXCRETION OF COPROPORPHYRIN BY CHILDREN DURING AND AFTER ACUTE STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.21.5.722 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 722-730

Author(s):

John T. Galambos

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽

Acute Illness ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I

The 24-hour urinary excretion of coproporphyrin was measured in three groups of children. Group I consisted of 88 children with acute scarlet fever, hospitalized in Providence, Rhode Island, during an epidemic in the spring of 1957. Single 24-hour specimens of urine were obtained during the first or second week of illness. Group II was composed of 54 children with sporadic streptococcal pharyngitis seen by private pediatricians in Atlanta, Georgia. Urinary excretions of coproporphyrin were measured during the acute illness and at weekly intervals thereafter. Group III included 21 children with nonstreptococcal pharyngitis. Acute streptococcal infection usually is not associated with a significantly increased rate of urinary excretion of coproporphyrin in children who do not develop subsequent acute rheumatic fever. A greater rate of urinary excretion of coproporphyrin by boys than by girls was significant at the 1% level of confidence.

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SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.15.5.642 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 642-646

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Diagnostic Errors ◽

White Blood Count ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Adequate Treatment

RHEUMAT1C fever is a recurrent disease which in most instances can be prevented. Since both the initial and recurrent attacks of the disease are precipitated by infections with beta hemolytic streptococci, prevention of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease depends upon the control of streptococcal infections. This may be accomplished by (1) early and adequate treatment of streptococcal infections in all individuals and (2) prevention of streptococcal infections in rheumatic subjects. TREATMENT OF STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION In the general population about 3 per cent of untreated streptococcal infections are followed by rheumatic fever. Adequate and early penicillin treatment, however, will eliminate streptococci from the throat and prevent most attacks of rheumatic fever. Diagnosis of Streptococcal Infection In many instances streptococcal infections can be recognized by their clinical manifestations. In some patients, however, it is difficult or impossible to determine the streptococcal nature of a respiratory infection without obtaining throat cultures. The following section on diagnosis has been included in order to reduce diagnostic errors and to assist physicians in avoiding unnecessary therapy. The accurate recognition of individual streptococcal infections, their adequate treatment and the control of epidemics in the community presently offer the best means of preventing initial and recurrent rheumatic fever. Common Symptoms Sore Throat—sudden onset, pain on swallowing. Headache—common. Fever—variable, but generally from 101° to 104°F. Abdominal Pain—common, especially in children; less common in adults. Nausea and Vomiting—common, especially in children. Common Signs Red Throat. Exudate—usually present. Glands—swollen, tender lymph nodes at angle of jaw. Rash—scarlatiniform. Acute Otitis Media and Acute Sinusitis —frequently due to the streptococcus. In the absence of the common symptoms and signs occurrence of any of the following symptoms is usually not associated with a streptococcal infection : simple coryza; hoarseness; cough. Laboratory Findings White Blood Count—generally over 12,000. Throat Culture—positive culture for hemolytic streptococci is almost always diagnostic.

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Possible Influence of Geographic Location and Colony Counts on Guidelines for Diagnosis of Streptococcal Infections in Rheumatic Fever

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.49.4.636 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 636-636

Author(s):

Norman Lewak

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Medical Practice ◽

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

The Public ◽

The Future

In their "Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Streptococcal Infection" (Pediatrics, 48:573, 1971), Honikman and Massell did not specify whether the guidelines should vary by geographic location. Taking into consideration the economic factors mentioned by the authors, should the same guidelines apply to different areas of the country which have markedly different incidences of rheumatic fever? We are all aware that the public is (rightfully) taking a close look at the quality of medical practice. Practice audits appear to be a certainty in the future.

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Pathology and Pathophysiology of Inhalational Anthrax in a Guinea Pig Model

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01289-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 1152-1163 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Vladimir Savransky ◽

Daniel C. Sanford ◽

Emily Syar ◽

Jamie L. Austin ◽

Kevin P. Tordoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Alternative Model ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Regional Lymph Nodes ◽

Content Type ◽

Ames Strain

ABSTRACTNonhuman primates (NHPs) and rabbits are the animal models most commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of medical countermeasures against anthrax in support of licensure under the FDA's “Animal Rule.” However, a need for an alternative animal model may arise in certain cases. The development of such an alternative model requires a thorough understanding of the course and manifestation of experimental anthrax disease induced under controlled conditions in the proposed animal species. The guinea pig, which has been used extensively for anthrax pathogenesis studies and anthrax vaccine potency testing, is a good candidate for such an alternative model. This study was aimed at determining the median lethal dose (LD50) of theBacillus anthracisAmes strain in guinea pigs and investigating the natural history, pathophysiology, and pathology of inhalational anthrax in this animal model following nose-only aerosol exposure. The inhaled LD50of aerosolized Ames strain spores in guinea pigs was determined to be 5.0 × 104spores. Aerosol challenge of guinea pigs resulted in inhalational anthrax with death occurring between 46 and 71 h postchallenge. The first clinical signs appeared as early as 36 h postchallenge. Cardiovascular function declined starting at 20 h postexposure. Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria was observed microscopically in multiple organs and tissues as early as 24 h postchallenge. Other histopathologic findings typical of disseminated anthrax included suppurative (heterophilic) inflammation, edema, fibrin, necrosis, and/or hemorrhage in the spleen, lungs, and regional lymph nodes and lymphocyte depletion and/or lymphocytolysis in the spleen and lymph nodes. This study demonstrated that the course of inhalational anthrax disease and the resulting pathology in guinea pigs are similar to those seen in rabbits and NHPs, as well as in humans.

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Гістоморфологічні зміни в органах і тканинах мурчаків, інфікованих ентеротоксигенними штамами Y. Enterocoliticа

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2015.03.12 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 73-83

Author(s):

Б. В. Борисевич ◽

В. Г. Скибіцький ◽

Г. В. Козловська ◽

А. В. Козловська

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Immune Organs ◽

Liver And Pancreas ◽

Histomorphological Changes ◽

Significant Activation

Викладено результати дослідження гістоморфо-логічних змін органів і тканин мурчаків, інфікованихентеротоксигенними штамами Y. enterocoliticа. Зок-рема встановлено, що найбільше уражається тонкакишка, де виявляють поверхневий некротичний енте-рит. Токсини збудника хвороби, потрапляючи в кров,спричиняють дистрофічні зміни в печінці та підшлун-ковій залозі, спричиняють екстракапілярний серознийгломерулонефрит та дистрофічні зміни епітеліюканальців нирок, а також серозний міокардит. Інфі-кування мурчаків призводить до значної активаціївсіх імунокомпетентних органів організму – тимусу,селезінки, соматичних і вісцеральних лімфовузлів. The results of the study of histomorphological changes in organs and tissues of guinea pigs infected with enterotoxigenic strains of Y. enterocolitica were presented. We established, in particular, the most affected in small intestine, where superficial necrotic enteritis was determined. Toxins are causative agent, getting into the bloodstream cause degenerative changes in the liver and pancreas. And also serous ecstracapillary glomerulonephritis and degenerated changes of epithelial tubules of the kidneys and serous myocarditis were caused. The infecting of guinea pigs leads significant activation of immune organs: thymus, spleen, somatic and visceral lymph nodes.

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