Activated platelet-derived microparticle numbers are elevated in patients with severe fungal (Candida albicans) sepsis

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Woth ◽  
Margit Tőkés-Füzesi ◽  
Tamás Magyarlaki ◽  
Gábor L Kovács ◽  
István Vermes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annexin V ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Important Additional Information ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Positive Particle ◽  
Septic Group ◽  
Infective Agent

Background The treatment of severe sepsis highly depends on the identification of bacteria or fungi from blood and/or other body materials. Although widely available blood culturing and risk assessment scores are not completely reliable, current guidelines do not recommend the wide empirical use of antifungal medications based on questionable benefit or possible side-effects. We aimed to test whether platelet-derived microparticle (MP) measurements can improve the early detection of the infective agent behind sepsis. Methods Thirty-three consecutive severe septic patients from our university intensive care unit were included in our prospective study. MP number and surface antigen characteristics were followed by flow cytometry on days 1 (admission), 3 and 5. For microbiological identification, various specimens were collected on admission and in case of overall status deterioration. Results On admission, septic patients showed elevated annexin V and constitutive platelet marker (CD41)-positive MP numbers compared with volunteers. Mixed fungal septic patients showed significantly elevated annexin V and CD41-positive particle numbers on day 1 ( P < 0.05) compared with the non-fungal septic group. Adhesive platelet marker (CD42a) harbouring vesicles were negligible in the non-fungal group, while fungal septic patients showed significantly elevated numbers in all measurements ( P < 0.01). Particles from activated platelets (PAC1) had elevated numbers in the first and fifth study days compared with non-fungal septic patients ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The measurement of CD42a- and PAC1-positive microparticles may provide important additional information which can help to improve the early instalment of antifungal therapy of severe septic patients.

Fractal analysis in biology and medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Important Additional Information ◽  
And Function

The review article discusses the possibilities of using fractal mathematical analysis to solve scientific and applied problems of modern biology and medicine. The authors show that only such an approach, related to the section of nonlinear mechanics, allows quantifying the chaotic component of the structure and function of living systems, that is a priori important additional information and expands, in particular, the possibilities of diagnostics, differential diagnosis and prediction of the course of physiological and pathological processes. A number of examples demonstrate the specific advantages of using fractal analysis for these purposes. The conclusion can be made that the expanded use of fractal analysis methods in the research work of medical and biological specialists is promising.

Evaluating the Use of an Occupational Assessment with Elderly Rehabilitation Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Model Of Human Occupation ◽  
Important Additional Information

This study investigated the relevance of an occupational assessment, based on the model of human occupation, with elderly patients on rehabilitation wards. The assessment was implemented and evaluated on a three-part questionnaire administered by occupational therapists. The assessment showed some importance when establishing the needs of and planning treatment for this patient group. In particular, it collected important additional information about the patients' values and attitudes. The model was shown to be of particular benefit in one hospital and more relevant to patients expected to require longer-term treatment and those who had had a stroke.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system on Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pythium spiculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Teodoro Arroyo Cordero ◽  
Rocío Rodríguez-Arcos ◽  
Ana Jiménez-Araujo ◽  
Rafael Guillén-Bejarano ◽  
María José Basallote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Important Additional Information

Glucosinolate extracts from sprouts of common Brassica nigra, B. juncea cv. Scala, B. carinata cv. Eleven, and Sinapis alba cv. Ludique were analysed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry. The effect of the glucosinolate–myrosinase system on in vitro mycelial growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands and Pythium spiculum B. Paul was assessed. Likewise, sinigrin and sinalbin monohydrate commercial standards were also tested. The extracts from B. carinata, which contained 159 mmol/g plant DW equivalent (85% sinigrin, 5% gluconapin, and 3% glucotropaeolin), were the most effective against Phytophthora and Pythium isolates used in this study. However, the extract from S. alba, which contained 1 180 mmol/g (100% sinalbin), did not inhibit the mycelial growth of the isolates tested. The use of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system provides important additional information to advance in the implementation of field application of brassicaceous amendments for the control of soil-borne pathogens.

Ligand-regulated secretion of recombinant annexin V from cultured thyroid epithelial cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. C1313-C1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuqiong Wang ◽  
Marcia A. Kaetzel ◽  
Sung E. Yoo ◽  
Paul S. Kim ◽  
John R. Dedman
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Anionic Phospholipid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Anionic Phospholipids ◽  
Activated Platelets

The exposure of anionic phospholipids on the external surface of injured endothelial cells and activated platelets is a primary biological signal to initiate blood coagulation. Disease conditions that promote the formation of ectopic thrombi result in tissue ischemia. Annexins, Ca2+-dependent anionic phospholipid binding proteins, are potential therapeutic agents for the inhibition of coagulation. We have designed a transgene that targets secretion of annexin V from cultured thyroid cells under the control of doxycycline. Our results indicate that annexin V in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi lumen does not affect the synthesis, processing, and secretion of thyroglobulin. ER luminal Ca2+was moderately increased and can be released by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Our study demonstrates that targeting and secretion of annexin V through the secretory pathway of mammalian cells does not adversely affect cellular function. Regulated synthesis and release of annexin V may exert anticoagulatory and anti-inflammatory effects systemically and may prove useful in further developing therapeutic strategies for conditions including antiphospholipid syndrome.

Magnetoencephalography

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Furlong ◽  
Elaine Foley ◽  
Caroline Witton ◽  
Stefano Seri
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Epileptogenic Lesion ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Important Additional Information ◽  
Movement Compensation ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

For presurgical assessments for resection of an epileptogenic lesion or zone, evaluations over the last 20 years have established magnetoencephalography (MEG) as a valuable tool in routine clinical practice in both adult and paediatric age groups. MEG can accurately localize both ictal and inter-ictal spike sources. MEG yields important additional information in around 30% of patients with epilepsy of suspected neocortical origin, aiding in the modification or extension of invasive measurements. Seizure freedom is most likely to occur when there is concordance between electroencephalogram (EEG) and MEG localization, and least likely to occur when these results are divergent. In some patients, invasive recordings may not be viable or repeatable. In these cases, MEG localization frequently provides additional information for planning surgery. Recent developments in technology for movement compensation and enhanced noise reduction provide optimism for continually improving outcomes of MEG-enhanced presurgical evaluations.

scholarly journals Lung Sonography in Obstetrics during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032
Author(s):  
Florian Recker ◽  
Eva Weber ◽  
Brigitte Strizek ◽  
Ulrich Gembruch ◽  
Armin Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Lung Sonography ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Prenatal Imaging ◽  
Important Additional Information

AbstractIn the current coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain patients are becoming seriously ill. Lung pathologies are common, and some patients even go on to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires intubation and artificial respiration of the critically ill patient. Imaging of the lung is absolutely necessary to obtain a diagnosis, assess the course of disease and for treatment. Particularly in gynecology and obstetrics (OBGYN), ultrasound scans of the lung can be a useful additional tool when caring for pregnant patients in the delivery room. As obstetricians use ultrasound imaging a lot in routine clinical practice, in the current pandemic setting, routine prenatal imaging screening could be expanded by the addition of ultrasound scans of the lung. Lung sonography can offer important additional information, particularly in obstetrics where the indications for radiation-emitting imaging are particularly restrictive. If there is a sonographic suspicion of lung involvement, then, depending on the symptoms and the morphological extent of the ultrasound findings, it may be necessary to consider admitting the patient to hospital for close fetal and maternal monitoring.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in the peritoneal fluid: does this evidence oblige to introduce new rules? Presentation of a Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Rimini ◽  
Giulia Atzori ◽  
Alessandro Viotti
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Important Additional Information ◽  
New Guidelines

Abstract Background : The Covid 19 pandemic introduced the need to outline new guidelines for the treatment of the Covid positive patient in surgery. With this report we present what we believe to be important additional information about an area that has not yet been studied, the potential infectivity of peritoneal secretions.Case presentation : A 73-year-old woman accesses our PS where she is found to be positive on the nosepharyngeal swab for Covid 19. The patient presents a picture of intestinal occlusion from imprisoned hernia, which is why she undergoes exploratory laparotomy surgery. During surgery a peritoneal swab is performed which is positive for Covid 19.Conclusion : This case suggests that, in the presence of patients susceptible to surgical therapy with negative Covid swab, performing a peritoneal swab may reveal a false negative. An extensive database that collects the results of pharyngeal and peritoneal swabs of patients undergoing surgery is necessary to delineate the appropriate approach to the patient in the Covid era.

scholarly journals Evaluation of lockdown effect on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics through viral genome quantification in waste water, Greater Paris, France, 5 March to 23 April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wurtzer ◽  
V Marechal ◽  
JM Mouchel ◽  
Y Maday ◽  
R Teyssou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Important Additional Information ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). People infected with SARS-CoV-2 may exhibit no or mild non-specific symptoms; thus, they may contribute to silent circulation of the virus among humans. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in stool samples, monitoring SARS-CoV-2 RNA in waste water (WW) has been proposed as a complementary tool to investigate virus circulation in human populations. Aim To test if the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in WW correlates with the number of symptomatic or non-symptomatic carriers. Method We performed a time-course quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR in raw WW samples collected from several major WW treatment plants in Greater Paris. The study period was 5 March to 23 April 2020, including the lockdown period in France (from 17 March). Results We showed that the increase of genome units in raw WW accurately followed the increase of human COVID-19 cases observed at the regional level. Of note, the viral genome could be detected before the epidemic grew massively (around 8 March). Equally importantly, a marked decrease in the quantities of genome units was observed concomitantly with the reduction in the number of new COVID-19 cases, 29 days following the lockdown. Conclusion This work suggests that a quantitative monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 genomes in WW could generate important additional information for improved monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 circulation at local or regional levels and emphasises the role of WW-based epidemiology.

Surface expression and functional characterization of α-granule factor V in human platelets: effects of ionophore A23187, thrombin, collagen, and convulxin

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1694-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alberio ◽  
O. Safa ◽  
K. J. Clemetson ◽  
C. T. Esmon ◽  
G. L. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Glycoprotein Vi ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Simultaneous Activation

Factor V (FV) present in platelet -granules has a significant but incompletely understood role in hemostasis. This report demonstrates that a fraction of platelets express very high levels of surface-bound, -granule FV on simultaneous activation with 2 agonists, thrombin and convulxin, an activator of the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI. This subpopulation of activated platelets represents 30.7% ± 4.7% of the total population and is referred to as convulxin and thrombin–induced-FV (COAT-FV) platelets. COAT-FV platelets are also observed on activation with thrombin plus collagen types I, V, or VI, but not with type III. No single agonist examined was able to produce COAT-FV platelets, although ionophore A23187 in conjunction with either thrombin or convulxin did generate this population. COAT-FV platelets bound annexin-V, indicating exposure of aminophospholipids and were enriched in young platelets as identified by the binding of thiazole orange. The functional significance of COAT-FV platelets was investigated by demonstrating that factor Xa preferentially bound to COAT-FV platelets, that COAT-FV platelets had more FV activity than either thrombin or A23187–activated platelets, and that COAT-FV platelets were capable of generating more prothrombinase activity than any other physiologic agonist examined. Microparticle production by dual stimulation with thrombin and convulxin was less than that observed with A23187, indicating that microparticles were not responsible for all the activities observed. These data demonstrate a new procoagulant component produced from dual stimulation of platelets with thrombin and collagen. COAT-FV platelets may explain the unique role of -granule FV and the hemostatic effectiveness of young platelets.

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