Book reviewsAdvising the Public About Radiation Emergencies (NCRP Commentary No 10). pp.vi + 29, 1994 (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda), $15.00. ISBN 092960038X

Radiation application in medicine offers extraordinary benefits. But radiation is like a double-edged sword, it has both benefits and associated risks on the community in contact. To justify the safety of workers and members of the public, regulated use of radiation is assessed by the radiation protection protocols. The aim of this study is to design a Computed Tomography (CT) facility with a simplified model of CT scanner, whose shielding follows the guidelines of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147. To design the study model, Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport code in MCNPX 2.6.0 was used for the simulation. Furthermore, MCNPX was used to measure the photon flux in a vicinity or the detector cell. To validate the functioning of the X-ray tube, the experimental results were compared with the X-ray Transition Energies Database of National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. The results obtained were within 0.60% of relative error. To confirm the functioning of shielding design, radiation protection quantity, air kerma was measured at several points outside, and inside of the CT room and they were under the radiation dose recommended by NCRP, which demonstrates that the shielding design wassuccessful in blocking the radiation. The study can be used for an easy evaluation of any CT room within the framework of the model of the study.

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Radiological safety and assessment of the performance of X-ray systems in veterinary facilities

Radioprotection ◽

10.1051/radiopro/2020074 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

S. Economides ◽

C.J. Hourdakis ◽

C. Pafilis ◽

G. Simantirakis ◽

P. Tritakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Radiation Protection ◽

Atomic Energy Commission ◽

Atomic Energy ◽

Regulatory Control ◽

Continuous Training ◽

X Ray ◽

The Public ◽

Radiological Safety ◽

High Level

This paper concerns an analysis regarding the performance of X-ray equipment as well as the radiological safety in veterinary facilities. Data were collected from 380 X-ray veterinary facilities countrywide during the on-site regulatory inspections carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The analysis of the results shows that the majority of the veterinary radiographic systems perform within the acceptable limits; moreover, the design and shielding of X-ray rooms as well as the applied procedures ensure a high level of radiological safety for the practitioners, operators and the members of the public. An issue that requires specific attention in the optimization process for the proper implementation of veterinary radiology practices in terms of radiological safety is the continuous training of the personnel. The above findings and the regulatory experience gained were valuable decision-making elements regarding the type of the regulatory control of veterinary radiology practices in the new radiation protection framework.

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A critical look at UNEP reports concerning depleted uranium on Yugoslav territory

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp0501086n ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 86-90

Author(s):

Marko Ninkovic ◽

Ruzica Glisic

Keyword(s):

Radiation Protection ◽

Dose Level ◽

Depleted Uranium ◽

Reference Level ◽

External Exposure ◽

Dose Limit ◽

Annual Dose ◽

Uranium Contamination ◽

The Public ◽

Scientific Mission

A critical look at UNEP Reports concerning depleted uranium on Yugoslav territory is presented in this paper. The subjects of the analysis are summarized as remarks high-lighting the following three points: (a) those concerning the use of terms significant and insignificant doses (risks), (b) those concerning the use of 1 mSv as a border between these two risk types and (c) those concerning the composition of ex pert UNEP Teams investigating the depleted uranium issue. To start with, the assumption that it should be possible to express the risks (con sequences) caused by the in take of depleted uranium ( by ingestion/ inhalation and/ or external exposure) to b and g rays from depleted uranium as insignificant or significant for comparison purposes is, in our view, in collision with the linear non thresh old hypothesis, still valid in the radiation protection field. Secondly, the limit of 1 mSv per year as a reference dose level between insignificant and significant risks (con sequences) is not accept able in the case of military depleted uranium contamination. This is because the reference level of 1 mSv, according to the ICRP Recommendation, can be used in the optimization of radiation protection as an additional annual dose limit for members of the public solely for useful practices. Military usage of depleted uranium can not be classified as being useful for both sides - the culprit and the victim alike. Our third objection concerns the composition of ex pert UNEP teams for Kosovo (Desk Assessment Group, Scientific Reviewer Group, and UNEP Scientific Mission) as not being representative enough, bearing in mind all UN member-countries. This last objection may be rather difficult to understand for any one viewing it from the perspective other than that of the victims.

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RADIATION HYGIENE AND SAFETY OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-868-874 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

pp. 868-874

Author(s):

O. A. Kochetkov ◽

A. P. Panfilov ◽

V. Yu. Usoltsev ◽

Vladimir N. Klochkov ◽

S. M. Shinkarev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Protection ◽

Nuclear Fuel ◽

New Technologies ◽

Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Nuclear Industry ◽

Special Focus ◽

Exposure Limits ◽

The Public ◽

Methodological Foundation

This article covers basic issues of the radiation protection in nuclear industry. It contains an overview of history of the national nuclear industry including the creation of industry-specific facilities (research centers, medical units etc.). Main stages of the creating the regulatory system for radiation protection, starting from the beginning of the industrial radiation protection, stages of introducing exposure limits and implementation of the radiation protection system in international documents are described. In 1996, for the first time, radiation protection requirements in Russia were documented in the form of the Federal Law 3-FZ of 09.01.1996 “Radiation Protection of the Public". A new stage of updating the global methodological foundation of radiation protection began in 2007. IRCP recommendations of 2007 moved from the legacy practice and intervention approach focused on the process to the approach based on characteristics of exposure situation. The evolvement of new technologies (specifically, in the field of reactor engineering and used nuclear fuel) in recent years requires a special focus on the safety of the personnel and the public. This stipulates the necessity of the appropriate radiation protection support of activities for the safe implementation of modern technologies. Handling of spent nuclear fuel and generated radioactive wastes, safe decommissioning of radiation hazardous facilities, radiation protection during operation of radiation facilities in nonstandard conditions are all the issues requiring specific examination. Regulatory and procedural documents on radiation protection of the personnel and the public during development and implementation of new technologies have been developed and approved as a result of long-term work of scientists and other professionals.

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