scholarly journals ON THE NATURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE SEISMOGENETIC SYSTEM OF SOUTH CALIFORNIA, USA: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON NON-EXTENSIVE STATISTICAL PHYSICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Efstathiou ◽  
A. Tzanis ◽  
F. Vallianatos
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Interevent Time ◽  
Aftershock Sequences ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Earthquake Record ◽  
Gibbs Formalism ◽  
Critical Process

We examine the nature of the seismogenetic system in South California, USA, by searching for evidence of non-extensivity in the earthquake record. We attempt to determine whether earthquakes are generated by a self-excited Poisson process, in which case they obey Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamics, or by a Critical process, in which long-range interactions in non-equilibrium statesare expected (correlation) and the thermodynamics deviate from the Boltzmann-Gibbs formalism. Emphasis is given to background earthquakes since it is generally agreed that aftershock sequences comprise correlated sets. Accordingly, the analysis is based on the accurate earthquake catalogue compiled of the South California Earthquake Data Center, in which aftershocks are either included or have been removed with a stochastic declustering procedure. We examine multivariate cumulative frequency distributions of earthquake magnitudes, interevent time and interevent distance, in the context of Non-Extensive Statistical Physics, which is a generalization of extensive Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamics to non-equilibrating (non-extensive) systems. The results indicate a persistent subextensive seismogenetic system exhibiting long-range, moderate to high correlation. Criticality appears to be a plausible causative mechanism although conclusions cannot be drawn until alternative complexity mechanisms can be ruled out.

scholarly journals Non-extensivity and long-range correlations in the earthquake activity at the West Corinth rift (Greece)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Michas ◽  
F. Vallianatos ◽  
P. Sammonds
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
The West ◽  
Seismic Region ◽  
Long Range Correlations ◽  
Interevent Time ◽  
Stationary Signals

Abstract. In the present work the statistical properties of the earthquake activity in a highly seismic region, the West Corinth rift (Central Greece), are being studied by means of generalized statistical physics. By using a dataset that covers the period 2001–2008, we investigate the earthquake energy distribution and the distribution of the time intervals (interevent times) between the successive events. As has been reported previously, these distributions exhibit complex statistical properties and fractality. By using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), a well-established method for detection of long-range correlations in non-stationary signals, it is shown that long-range correlations are also present in the earthquake activity. The existence of these properties motivates us to use non-extensive statistical physics (NESP) to investigate the statistical properties of the frequency-magnitude and the interevent time distributions, along with other well-known relations in seismology, such as the gamma distribution for interevent times. The results of the analysis indicate that the statistical properties of the earthquake activity can be successfully reproduced by means of NESP and that the earthquake activity at the West Corinth rift is correlated at all-time scales.

scholarly journals Structural Changes in the Acceptor Site of Photosystem II upon Ca2+/Sr2+ Exchange in the Mn4CaO5 Cluster Site and the Possible Long-Range Interactions

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Koua
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Oxygen Evolving Complex ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Structural Perturbations ◽  
Oxygen Evolving

The Mn4CaO5 cluster site in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) undergoes structural perturbations, such as those induced by Ca2+/Sr2+ exchanges or Ca/Mn removal. These changes have been known to induce long-range positive shifts (between +30 and +150 mV) in the redox potential of the primary quinone electron acceptor plastoquinone A (QA), which is located 40 Å from the OEC. To further investigate these effects, we reanalyzed the crystal structure of Sr-PSII resolved at 2.1 Å and compared it with the native Ca-PSII resolved at 1.9 Å. Here, we focus on the acceptor site and report the possible long-range interactions between the donor, Mn4Ca(Sr)O5 cluster, and acceptor sites.

scholarly journals Detecting long-range interactions between migrating cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Metzner ◽  
F. Hörsch ◽  
C. Mark ◽  
T. Czerwinski ◽  
A. Winterl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Repulsive Interaction ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
A Cell

AbstractChemotaxis enables cells to systematically approach distant targets that emit a diffusible guiding substance. However, the visual observation of an encounter between a cell and a target does not necessarily indicate the presence of a chemotactic approach mechanism, as even a blindly migrating cell can come across a target by chance. To distinguish between the chemotactic approach and blind migration, we present an objective method that is based on the analysis of time-lapse recorded cell migration trajectories: For each movement step of a cell relative to the position of a potential target, we compute a p value that quantifies the likelihood of the movement direction under the null-hypothesis of blind migration. The resulting distribution of p values, pooled over all recorded cell trajectories, is then compared to an ensemble of reference distributions in which the positions of targets are randomized. First, we validate our method with simulated data, demonstrating that it reliably detects the presence or absence of remote cell-cell interactions. In a second step, we apply the method to data from three-dimensional collagen gels, interspersed with highly migratory natural killer (NK) cells that were derived from two different human donors. We find for one of the donors an attractive interaction between the NK cells, pointing to a cooperative behavior of these immune cells. When adding nearly stationary K562 tumor cells to the system, we find a repulsive interaction between K562 and NK cells for one of the donors. By contrast, we find attractive interactions between NK cells and an IL-15-secreting variant of K562 tumor cells. We therefore speculate that NK cells find wild-type tumor cells only by chance, but are programmed to leave a target quickly after a close encounter. We provide a freely available Python implementation of our p value method that can serve as a general tool for detecting long-range interactions in collective systems of self-driven agents.

scholarly journals A novel class of translationally invariant spin chains with long-range interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Basu-Mallick ◽  
F. Finkel ◽  
A. González-López
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Spin Chains ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
New Class ◽  
Spin Interactions ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Spin Reversal ◽  
Twisted Yangian ◽  
Internal Degrees Of Freedom

Abstract We introduce a new class of open, translationally invariant spin chains with long-range interactions depending on both spin permutation and (polarized) spin reversal operators, which includes the Haldane-Shastry chain as a particular degenerate case. The new class is characterized by the fact that the Hamiltonian is invariant under “twisted” translations, combining an ordinary translation with a spin flip at one end of the chain. It includes a remarkable model with elliptic spin-spin interactions, smoothly interpolating between the XXX Heisenberg model with anti-periodic boundary conditions and a new open chain with sites uniformly spaced on a half-circle and interactions inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the spins. We are able to compute in closed form the partition function of the latter chain, thereby obtaining a complete description of its spectrum in terms of a pair of independent su(1|1) and su(m/2) motifs when the number m of internal degrees of freedom is even. This implies that the even m model is invariant under the direct sum of the Yangians Y (gl(1|1)) and Y (gl(0|m/2)). We also analyze several statistical properties of the new chain’s spectrum. In particular, we show that it is highly degenerate, which strongly suggests the existence of an underlying (twisted) Yangian symmetry also for odd m.

scholarly journals Long-range interactions, wobbles, and phase defects in chains of model cilia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Brumley ◽  
Nicolas Bruot ◽  
Jurij Kotar ◽  
Raymond E. Goldstein ◽  
Pietro Cicuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Long Range Interactions
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