scholarly journals Εφευρέσεις επί εμβολίων κατά του ιού SARS-CoV-2

Bioethica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Leandros Lefakis (Λέανδρος Λεφάκης)
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Patent Licensing ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Antiviral Medication ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the new pandemic that humanity is called upon to deal with. The special characteristics of the virus in combination with the absence of effective antiviral medication and vaccine, make the disease a significant threat to global health. This paper addresses the issue of innovation in the midst of a pandemic in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, namely vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus and how these could become public goods that will be provided without expected profit, considered global public goods. The issue is so crucial for public health that the State and the international community are called upon to contribute to research and development, in terms of participating in the business risk of the industry (with public funding), but also to intervene to protection of the global good of public health, possibly considering compulsory patent licensing solutions that will result from vaccine research.

scholarly journals International cooperation during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Brown ◽  
Daniel Susskind
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Cooperative Response

Abstract This paper explores the concept of ‘global public goods’ (GPGs) in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that many of the tasks involved in public health, and in particular those involved in the control of an infectious disease like COVID-19, ought to be treated as GPGs that can only be effectively delivered through international cooperation. It sets out what a cooperative response to the COVID-19 pandemic should look like and introduces ideas for further discussion about how it might be financed.

scholarly journals Beware the Kindleberger Trap in Global Health Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jin Jiyong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
Health Crisis

The Covid-19 pandemic is both a public health crisis and a stress test for global health governance. Effective health governance hinges on the provision of global public goods for health. Generally, the hegemon underwrites the operation and stability of the global public health architecture by ensuring the sustained supply of global public goods for health. But when the hegemon is unable or unwilling to shoulder this responsibility, global health governance may run the risk of falling into a Kindleberger Trap. The leadership vacuum that is opening up amid the coronavirus pandemic is accelerating the process. At present, China should adopt a three-pronged approach to promote bilateral health cooperation with leading countries like the United States, strengthen regional institution-building with ASEAN, South Korea, Japan, and Belt and Road countries, and improve the performance, credibility, and integrity of global organizations like the WHO and G-20. The Kindleberger Trap in global health governance can be overcome by adapting regional health coordination to make it more agile and effective.

scholarly journals Editorial (Public Health Pharmacogenomics and the Design Principles for Global Public Goods – Moving Genomics to Responsible Innovation)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vural Ozdemir ◽  
Alexander Borda-Rodriguez ◽  
Edward S. Dove ◽  
Lynnette R. Ferguson ◽  
Farah Huzair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Global Public Goods

scholarly journals The Case for ‘Human Diplomacy’

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-680
Author(s):  
Javier Solana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Shared Governance ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Global Public Goods

Summary Apocalyptic predictions on the world’s future after COVID-19 are unfounded. Structures of global governance can be reinforced through greater subsidiarity; that is, by enhancing the participation of local authorities, by the involvement of civil society and the private sector and by regionalising initiatives, where appropriate. Furthermore, globalisation’s scope should be extended to comprise the shared governance of all global public goods and elements affecting human security. This essay outlines how this transformation could work for the four policy areas of global trade, food security, public health and climate change.

Common But Differentiated Responsibilities in International Law

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
International Law ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽  
The Rich

The concept of “common but differentiated responsibilities” (CDR) is receiving increasing recognition in international law. “Common” suggests that certain risks affect and are affected by every nation on earth. These include not only the climate and the ozone shield, but all risk-related global public goods, including peace, public health, and terrorism. In reducing the mutual risks, all nations should “cooperate in a spirit of global partnership.” Responsibilities are said to be “differentiated,” however, in that not all countries should contribute equally. CDR charges some nations, ordinarily the Rich, with carrying a greater share of the burden than others, ordinarily the Poor.

On the Essence and Tipology of International Public Goods

2005 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
V. Mortikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
International Public Goods ◽  
Regional Public Goods ◽  
Joint Products

The basic properties of international public goods are analyzed in the paper. Special attention is paid to the typology of international public goods: pure and impure, excludable and nonexcludable, club goods, regional public goods, joint products. The author argues that social construction of international public good depends on many factors, for example, government economic policy. Aggregation technologies in the supply of global public goods are examined.

Grosser Wert und wenig Geld? Über die Honorierung von Waldleistungen | Highly Valuable But Hardly Remunerative? On Compensating Forest Benefits

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Kissling-Näf
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Financial Compensation

Forests provide people with a variety of services and products (protection against avalanches, walking trails, etc.). Most forest services and products are not provided by markets and the extent of their availability is often guaranteed by public funding. In this context, the question arises whether the high benefits derived from forests could not be converted into cash more easily. Looking at various explanations for the market failure (externalities, public goods, property rights) possible marketing strategies for forest products and services and how they could optimize social welfare are investigated. Although general compensation criteria are not available, economic concepts (type of externality, scarcity, etc.) provide a first clue as to the necessity of compensation. However, mention must be made that compensation is always the result of a social agreement, and financial compensation as well as property rights are subject to social change. From a political and an economic perspective the payment of compensation for forest benefits is limited.

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