scholarly journals Assessment for the passage of tylosin into the milk of Anatolian buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3127
Author(s):  
U ACAROZ ◽  
I KUCUKKURT ◽  
S INCE ◽  
D ARSLAN-ACAROZ ◽  
Z GURLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Residue Levels

Tylosin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic commonly employed in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections. The present study assessed the milk-passage patterns of tylosin up to the 16th milking after a single intramuscular injection at the dose of 10 mg/kg/b.w. to Anatolian buffaloes. The residue levels of tylosin in milk samples of each animal were analysed by LC-MS/MS. The detection and determination limits of the employed method were 0.19 μg/kg and 0.64 μg/kg, respectively. The highest level of tylosin was found to be at the second milking. At the ninth milking, tylosin residue level decreased under the maximum residue limit of 50 μg/kg. Additionally, the employed LC-MS/MS method is used to assess tylosin residue in 40 milk samples and all of the samples were found to be tylosin free. In conclusion, this study determined the milk passaged levels of tylosin into milk of Anatolian buffaloes using an LC-MS/MS method.

scholarly journals Qualitative analysis of insecticide residue in cauliflower samples collected from different regions of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Md Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Md Mohsin Ali Sardar ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Kamal Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Residue Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insecticide Residue ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Diazinon Residue

The samples of the cauliflowers were analyzed to assess the residue level of six insecticides (i.e.; cypermethrin, quinalphos, diazinon, malathion, fenitrothion and acephate) using GC-FTD and GC-ECD method. Out of analyzed 75 collected samples of cauliflower from farmer’s field of Jessore, Gazipur and Rangpur, 38.67% (29 from 75) were found to be contaminated with the insecticides. Many samples contained cypermethrin, acephate and fenitrothion residues. Quinalphos, acephate and fenitrothion were found as multiple product residues representing 13.79% (4 from 29) of the total contaminated samples and the rest 86.21% contained single insecticide residue. About 13.33% (10 of 75) of the total samples had residues exceeding the MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) irrespective of single or multiple insecticide residues. Malathion residue was found only in one sample from Jessore. Two samples showed diazinon residue one from Jessore and the other one from Rangpur location. The detected residue levels of both malathion and diazinon were below the MRL, which might be due to higher rate of degradation. The presence of highest residue levels of insecticides in cauliflowers may be due to its irrational and repeated use before harvest. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(1), 29-34

Repurposing of auranofin against bacterial infections: An In silico and In vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
Ruchika Sharma ◽  
Anoop Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Molecular Docking Study

Aim: The aim of the study was to find out the role of auranofin as a promising broad spectrum antibacterial agent. Methods: In-vitro assays (Percentage growth retardation, Bacterial growth kinetics, Biofilm formation assay) and In-silico study (Molegro virtual docker (MVD) version 6.0 and Molecular operating environment (MOE) version 2008.10 software). Results: The in vitro assays have shown that auranofin has good antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Further, auranofin has shown synergistic activity in combination with ampicillin against S. aureus and B. subtilis whereas in combination with neomycin has just shown additive effect against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. pumilus. In vivo results have revealed that auranofin alone and in combination with standard drugs significantly decreased the bioburden in zebrafish infection model as compared to control. The molecular docking study have shown good interaction of auranofin with penicillin binding protein (2Y2M), topoisomerase (3TTZ), UDP-3-O-[3- hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosaminedeacetylase (3UHM), cell adhesion protein (4QRK), β-lactamase (5CTN) and arylsulphatase (1HDH) enzyme as that of reference ligand which indicate multimodal mechanism of action of auranofin. Finally, MTT assay has shown non-cytotoxic effect of auranofin. Conclusion: In conclusion, auranofin in combination with existing antibiotics could be developed as a broad spectrum antibacterial agent; however, further studies are required to confirm its safety and efficacy. This study provides possibility of use of auranofin apart from its established therapeutic indication in combination with existing antibiotics to tackle the problem of resistance.

Fusogenic porous silicon nanoparticles as a broad-spectrum immunotherapy against bacterial infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungji Kim ◽  
Qinglin Yang ◽  
Leslie W. Chan ◽  
Sangeeta N. Bhatia ◽  
Erkki Ruoslahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
First Line ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Porous Silicon Nanoparticles

RNAi-mediated immunotherapy provided by fusogenic porous silicon nanoparticles demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections compared with first-line antibiotics.

scholarly journals Tissue distribution of marbofloxacin in pigs after a single intramuscular injection

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Zhili Li ◽  
Yuqin Wang ◽  
Baobao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

scholarly journals Discovery of Taniborbactam (VNRX-5133): A Broad-Spectrum Serine- and Metallo-β-lactamase Inhibitor for Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2789-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Robert E. Lee Trout ◽  
Guo-Hua Chu ◽  
Daniel McGarry ◽  
Randy W. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

scholarly journals Mechanisms of quinolone resistance and implications for human and animal health

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Gordana Kozoderovic ◽  
Zora Jelesic ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Radomir Ratajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Target Enzyme

Quinolone antibiotics have been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. This has caused the development of resistance and difficulties in the treatment of complicated bacterial infections in humans. The resistance to quinolones develops due to chromosome mutations and it can also be transferred by plasmids. The target enzyme for quinolones in Gram-negative bacteria is Gyrasa A, while the target enzyme in Grampositive bacteria is mostly topoisomerase IV. Gyrase A consists of two subunits encoded by genes gyrA and gyrB. The function of the enzyme is to introduce negative super coiling in DNA and therefore is essential for the replication of bacteria. Quinolone resistance develops if point mutations at 83 and/or 87 codon are introduced on gyrA. Establishing a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to this group of antimicrobials will reveal possible mutations. Recently it was discovered that quinolone resistance is transmittable by plasmid termed PMQR (plasmid mediated quinolone resistance). The target gene marked qnr encodes a pentapeptide repeat family protein. Pentapeptide repeats form sheets, involved in protein-protein interactions. Qnr protein binds to GyrA protecting the enzyme from the inhibitory effect of ciprofloxacin. The distribution of qnr related resistance is higher in humans than in animals. In poultry, however, this type of resistance is present more than in other animals. Plasmid mediated resistance contributes to the faster spread of quinolone resistance. Proper food handling will significantly contribute to decreasing the risk from infection to which people are exposed. In medical and veterinary laboratories antimicrobial resistance monitoring in clinical and environmental isolates is advised. Since correlation between antibiotics application and antimicrobial resistance is often suggested, antimicrobial use must be under strict control of the authorities both in human and in veterinary medicine. .

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Standards: Does MRLs Matter in Cottonseed and its Trade?

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 177-196
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Regression Estimators ◽  
Crude Cottonseed Oil

In this paper, we introduce three indices of trade which are consequently applied to the case maximum residue level, MRLs of pesticide. The aggregation indices of NTM i.e Li and Beghin index of trade, Heterogeneous index of trade (HIT) and actual heterogeneous index of trade (AHIT) regulations to compute their protectionism relative to international standards. The application of indices to Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) affecting cottonseed and its by-product i.e crude cottonseed oil and refined cottonseed oil, using a science-based standards Codex Alimentarius. In this analysis, the main aim of the article is to show the response of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) adopted by 50 importing countries on exports of the cottonseed commodities for the year 2005 to 2014. In this study, we estimate the augmented gravity model using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson regression estimators. The results show that maximum residue limits (MRLs) have a trade increasing effect on exports of the cottonseed commodities.

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