scholarly journals Associative memory cells: Formation, function and perspective

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Wang ◽  
Shan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Sensory Cortices

Associative learning and memory are common activities in life, and their cellular infrastructures constitute the basis of cognitive processes. Although neuronal plasticity emerges after memory formation, basic units and their working principles for the storage and retrieval of associated signals remain to be revealed. Current reports indicate that associative memory cells, through their mutual synapse innervations among the co-activated sensory cortices, are recruited to fulfill the integration, storage and retrieval of multiple associated signals, and serve associative thinking and logical reasoning. In this review, we aim to summarize associative memory cells in their formation, features and functional impacts.

scholarly journals Associative memory cells: Formation, function and perspective

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Wang ◽  
Shan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Sensory Cortices

Associative learning and memory are common activities in life, and their cellular infrastructures constitute the basis of cognitive processes. Although neuronal plasticity emerges after memory formation, basic units and their working principles for the storage and retrieval of associated signals remain to be revealed. Current reports indicate that associative memory cells, through their mutual synapse innervations among the co-activated sensory cortices, are recruited to fulfill the integration, storage and retrieval of multiple associated signals, and serve associative thinking and logical reasoning. In this review, we aim to summarize associative memory cells in their formation, features and functional impacts.

scholarly journals Associative memory cells and their working principle in the brain

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Wang ◽  
Shan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Information Recall ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

The acquisition, integration and storage of exogenous associated signals are termed as associative learning and memory. The consequences and processes of associative thinking and logical reasoning based on these stored exogenous signals can be memorized as endogenous signals, which are essential for decision making, intention, and planning. Associative memory cells recruited in these primary and secondary associative memories are presumably the foundation for the brain to fulfill cognition events and emotional reactions in life, though the plasticity of synaptic connectivity and neuronal activity has been believed to be involved in learning and memory. Current reports indicate that associative memory cells are recruited by their mutual synapse innervations among co-activated brain regions to fulfill the integration, storage and retrieval of associated signals. The activation of these associative memory cells initiates information recall in the mind, and the successful activation of their downstream neurons endorses memory presentations through behaviors and emotion reactions. In this review, we aim to draw a comprehensive diagram for associative memory cells, working principle and modulation, as well as propose their roles in cognition, emotion and behaviors.

scholarly journals Coordinated Plasticity between Barrel Cortical Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons during Associative Memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenxia Yan ◽  
Zilong Gao ◽  
Pin Chen ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Dangui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Odor Signal ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Neural plasticity is associated with memory formation. The coordinated refinement and interaction between cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons remain elusive in associative memory, which we examine in a mouse model of associative learning. In the mice that show odorant-induced whisker motion after pairing whisker and odor stimulations, the barrel cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are recruited to encode the newly learnt odor signal alongside the innate whisker signal. These glutamatergic neurons are functionally upregulated, and GABAergic neurons are refined in a homeostatic manner. The mutual innervations between these glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons are upregulated. The analyses by high throughput sequencing show that certain microRNAs related to regulating synapses and neurons are involved in this cross-modal reflex. Thus, the coactivation of the sensory cortices through epigenetic processes recruits their glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons to be the associative memory cells as well as drive their coordinated refinements toward the optimal state for the storage of the associated signals.

scholarly journals GluA4 enables associative memory formation by facilitating cerebellar expansion coding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kita ◽  
Catarina Albergaria ◽  
Ana S. Machado ◽  
Megan R. Carey ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Synaptic Excitation ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmission

AbstractAMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS and their subunit composition determines synaptic efficacy. Whereas AMPAR subunits GluA1–GluA3 have been linked to particular forms of synaptic plasticity and learning, the functional role of GluA4 remains elusive. Here we used electrophysiological, computational and behavioral approaches to demonstrate a crucial function of GluA4 for synaptic excitation and associative memory formation in the cerebellum. Notably, GluA4-knockout mice had ∼80% reduced mossy fiber to granule cell synaptic transmission. The fidelity of granule cell spike output was markedly decreased despite attenuated tonic inhibition and increased NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Computational modeling revealed that GluA4 facilitates pattern separation that is important for associative learning. On a behavioral level, while locomotor coordination was generally spared, GluA4-knockout mice failed to form associative memories during delay eyeblink conditioning. These results demonstrate an essential role for GluA4-containing AMPARs in cerebellar information processing and associative learning.

scholarly journals GluA4 facilitates cerebellar expansion coding and enables associative memory formation

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kita ◽  
Catarina Albergaria ◽  
Ana S Machado ◽  
Megan R Carey ◽  
Martin Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Granule Cell ◽  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Synaptic Excitation ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmission

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS and their subunit composition determines synaptic efficacy. Whereas AMPAR subunits GluA1–GluA3 have been linked to particular forms of synaptic plasticity and learning, the functional role of GluA4 remains elusive. Here we demonstrate a crucial function of GluA4 for synaptic excitation and associative memory formation in the cerebellum. Notably, GluA4-knockout mice had ~80% reduced mossy fiber to granule cell synaptic transmission. The fidelity of granule cell spike output was markedly decreased despite attenuated tonic inhibition and increased NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Computational network modeling incorporating these changes revealed that deletion of GluA4 impairs granule cell expansion coding, which is important for pattern separation and associative learning. On a behavioral level, while locomotor coordination was generally spared, GluA4-knockout mice failed to form associative memories during delay eyeblink conditioning. These results demonstrate an essential role for GluA4-containing AMPARs in cerebellar information processing and associative learning.

Memory Formation, Storage, and Retrieval

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
The Brain

The ability to form memories and to retrieve them is fundamental to learning. Neuroplasticity and neurogenesis play a role in this function, as does nutrition, oxygenation, and novelty. There are many types of memory, and the primary of these are sensory, short-term, and long-term. These are further subdivided into yet additional kinds of memory. Perhaps the beginning of memory centers around novelty, which arouses and stimulates the brain, through curiosity. Then, there are many memory pathways. Memories are associated with emotions, scent, hearing, vision, to name those with which we are most familiar. To apply this knowledge to education one must consider mastering study skills. This demands that we make a distinction between learning and memory, for each is dependent upon the other and leads to the use of memory aids. SMART applications must capitalize on the ability of technology to help us to see, to hear, and to obtain feedback.

scholarly journals Virus infection causes specific learning deficits in honeybee foragers

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1617) ◽  
pp. 1517-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Iqbal ◽  
Uli Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Learning

In both mammals and invertebrates, virus infections can impair a broad spectrum of physiological functions including learning and memory formation. In contrast to the knowledge on the conserved mechanisms underlying learning, the effects of virus infection on different aspects of learning are barely known. We use the honeybee ( Apis mellifera ), a well-established model system for studying learning, to investigate the impact of deformed wing virus (DWV) on learning. Injection of DWV into the haemolymph of forager leads to a RT-PCR detectable DWV signal after 3 days. The detailed behavioural analysis of DWV-infected honeybees shows an increased responsiveness to water and low sucrose concentrations, an impaired associative learning and memory formation, but intact non-associative learning like sensitization and habituation. This contradicts all present studies in non-infected bees, where increased sucrose responsiveness is linked to improved associative learning and to changes in non-associative learning. Thus, DWV seems to interfere with molecular mechanism of learning by yet unknown processes that may include viral effects on the immune system and on gene expression.

A Hierarchy of Multinomial Models for Multidimensional Source Monitoring

Methodology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Tree Models

Abstract. Several models have been proposed for the measurement of cognitive processes in source monitoring. They are specified within the statistical framework of multinomial processing tree models and differ in their assumptions on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information. In the present article, a hierarchical relationship is demonstrated between multinomial models for crossed source information ( Meiser & Bröder, 2002 ), for partial source memory ( Dodson, Holland, & Shimamura, 1998 ) and for several sources ( Batchelder, Hu, & Riefer, 1994 ). The hierarchical relationship allows model comparisons and facilitates the specification of identifiability conditions. Conditions for global identifiability are discussed, and model comparisons are illustrated by reanalyses and by a new experiment on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information.

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