scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding photosynthesis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf-Ingo Flügge ◽  
Peter Westhoff ◽  
Dario Leister
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Light Energy Conversion ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Made In

Photosynthesis is central to all life on earth, providing not only oxygen but also organic compounds that are synthesized from atmospheric CO2and water using light energy as the driving force. The still-increasing world population poses a serious challenge to further enhance biomass production of crop plants. Crop yield is determined by various parameters,inter aliaby the light energy conversion efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery. Photosynthesis can be looked at from different perspectives: (i) light reactions and carbon assimilation, (ii) leaves and canopy structure, and (ii) source-sink relationships. In this review, we discuss opportunities and prospects to increase photosynthetic performance at the different layers, taking into account the recent progress made in the respective fields.

scholarly journals Decoding the gene co-expression network underlying the ability of Gevuina avellana Mol. to live in diverse light conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ostria-Gallardo ◽  
A Ranjan ◽  
Y Ichihashi ◽  
LJ Corcuera ◽  
NR Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
List Type ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Gevuina Avellana ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

SummaryGevuina avellana Mol. (Proteaceae) is a typical tree from the South American temperate rainforest. Although this species mostly regenerates in shaded understories, it exhibits an exceptional ecological breadth, being able to live under a wide range of light conditions. Here we studied the genetic basis regulating physiological acclimation of the photosynthetic responses of G. avellana under contrasting light conditions.We analyzed carbon assimilation and light energy used for photochemical process in plants acclimated to contrasting light conditions. Also, we used a transcriptional profile of leaf primordia from G. avellana saplings growing under different light environments to identify the gene co-expression network underpinning photosynthetic performance and light-related processes.The photosynthetic parameters revealed optimal performance regardless of light conditions. Strikingly, the mechanism involved in dissipation of excess light energy showed no significant differences between high and low-light acclimated plants. The gene co-expression network defined a community structure consistent with the photochemical responses, including genes involved mainly in assembly and functioning of photosystems, photoprotection, and retrograde signaling.Our ecophysiological genomics approach provides an understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms that allows this tree to have an optimal balance between photochemical, photoprotective and antioxidant performance in the diverse light habitats it encounters in nature.

Measurements of the quantum yield of carbon assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence for assessment of photosynthetic performance of crops in the field

1989 ◽  
Vol 323 (1216) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Fluorescence Kinetics ◽  
Light Energy Conversion

An apparatus is described for the rapid measurement in the field of the quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation, ø, and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics from attached leaves exposed to ambient CO 2 concentrations. This apparatus was used to measure ø and the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, F v /F M , of fully expanded leaves of a maize crop in northeast Essex at monthly intervals throughout the growing season. The quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation and F v /F M increased from May to August and then decreased in September. A linear correlation between ø and F v /F M was observed for the leaves. The relations between light, temperature, the quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation and fluorescence emission kinetics of leaves of a maize crop during the early growing season were also examined. Decreases in ø associated with chilling temperatures and high light were observed and identified from analyses of fluorescence kinetics as being attributable to photoinhibitory damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. The possibility of using measurements of ø and fluorescence kinetics for screening the photosynthetic performance of crops is considered. Studies with winter rape demonstrated that changes in ø during the growing season were correlated with changes in the efficiency of light-energy conversion to dry matter by the crop.

Enhancement of Light-Energy Conversion Efficiency by Multi-Porphyrin Arrays of Porphyrin−Peptide Oligomers with Fullerene Clusters

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Hasobe ◽  
Prashant V. Kamat ◽  
Vincent Troiani ◽  
Nathalie Solladié ◽  
Tae Kyu Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Light Energy Conversion ◽  
Fullerene Clusters

Optimizing molecule-like gold clusters for light energy conversion

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2075-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Stamplecoskie ◽  
Abigail Swint
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Metal Clusters ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Light Energy Conversion

As light harvesting materials, Au18SR14 metal clusters are highlighted for their favourable excited-state properties leading to better photovoltaic performance.

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