Measurements of the quantum yield of carbon assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence for assessment of photosynthetic performance of crops in the field

1989 ◽  
Vol 323 (1216) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Fluorescence Kinetics ◽  
Light Energy Conversion

An apparatus is described for the rapid measurement in the field of the quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation, ø, and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics from attached leaves exposed to ambient CO 2 concentrations. This apparatus was used to measure ø and the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, F v /F M , of fully expanded leaves of a maize crop in northeast Essex at monthly intervals throughout the growing season. The quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation and F v /F M increased from May to August and then decreased in September. A linear correlation between ø and F v /F M was observed for the leaves. The relations between light, temperature, the quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation and fluorescence emission kinetics of leaves of a maize crop during the early growing season were also examined. Decreases in ø associated with chilling temperatures and high light were observed and identified from analyses of fluorescence kinetics as being attributable to photoinhibitory damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. The possibility of using measurements of ø and fluorescence kinetics for screening the photosynthetic performance of crops is considered. Studies with winter rape demonstrated that changes in ø during the growing season were correlated with changes in the efficiency of light-energy conversion to dry matter by the crop.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Fluorescence Kinetics May Be Useful to Identify Early Drought and Irrigation Effects on Photosynthetic Apparatus in Field-Grown Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1275
Author(s):  
Lenka Botyanszka ◽  
Marek Zivcak ◽  
Erik Chovancek ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
Viliam Barek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Ojip Transient ◽  
Fluorescence Kinetics ◽  
Non Invasive

To assess the reliability and sensitivity of non-invasive optical methods to detect the early effects of water deficit in the field, we analyzed the time-series of non-invasive measurements obtained in a dry season in a representative collection of wheat genotypes grown in small-plot field trials, in non-irrigated and irrigated variants. Despite a progressive water deficit and significant yield loss, the measurements indicated very minor changes in chlorophyll content or canopy cover. This corresponded well to the insignificant differences in spectral reflectance normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. On the other hand, we identified the significant and rapid response of fast fluorescence kinetics data following the onset of irrigation. Analysis of parameters showed the main effects of drought were associated with changes in the amplitude of the I–P phase of the OJIP transient, indicating changes at the level of photosystem I and beyond. Statistical analyses identified the integrative parameter performance index PItot as the most sensitive parameter, which well-reflects the differences in responses of the genotypes to water deficit. Our results suggest that focusing on photosynthetic functions detected by the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence records can provide more accurate information on the drought stress level, compared to the structural data obtained by absorbance or reflectance measurements.

Water relations, chlorophyll fluorescence, and membrane permeability during desiccation in bryophytes from xeric, mesic, and hydric environments

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente I Deltoro ◽  
Angeles Calatayud ◽  
Cristina Gimeno ◽  
Eva Barreno
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Conocephalum Conicum ◽  
Thermal Energy Dissipation ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics

The interactions among water content, chlorophyll a fluorescence emission, and potassium leakage were analyzed during dehydration in desiccation-tolerant bryophytes from xeric habitats (Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwaegr., Orthotrichum cupulatum Brid., Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb., Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff., and Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb.) and desiccation-intolerant bryophytes from mesic and hydric environments (Barbula ehrenbergii (Lor.) Fleisch., Cinclidotus aquaticus (Hedw.) B. & S., Conocephalum conicum (L.) Underw., Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum. ex Lindb., Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra, Philonotis calcarea (B. & S.) Schimp., and Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Card.). Their fluorescence characteristics at low water content were low efficiency of photosynthetic quantum conversion, closed photosystem II reaction centers, and strong nonphotochemical quenching only in desiccation-tolerant species. Full restoration of fluorescence parameters upon rewatering in species from xeric environments indicated that the photosynthetic apparatus was fully functional after desiccation. Species from hydric and mesic habitats were unable to restore photochemical activity. This might be a consequence of photoinhibition but also of membrane damage, as indicated by the large leakage of potassium. It is suggested that the capacity to enhance thermal energy dissipation during dehydration might have evolved in species from xeric environments as an adaptation to the utilization of an erratic supply of water. This protective strategy would lower the probability of photodamage during water loss and thus maintain the photosynthetic apparatus in a quickly recuperable state.Key words: bryophytes, chlorophyll fluorescence, dehydration, desiccation tolerance, thermal energy dissipation.

Physiological performance of a foliose macrolichen Umbilicaria antarctica as affected by supplemental UV-B treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Gonzalez Medina ◽  
Roxana Avalos-Chacon
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Fluorescence Kinetics ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
High Doses

To date, a limited knowledge is available about Umbilicaria antarctica responses when it is exposed high doses of UV-B radiation. It is well established that resistance of Antarctic lichens to natural UV-B levels including increased doses during ozone hole period is high, thanks to numerous photoprotective mechanism. Capacity of the photoprotective processes, however, is not well known This study attempts to determine changes on the photosynthetic efficiency and on the synthesis of UV-B absorbing compounds of U. antarctica when exposed to low photosynthetically active radiation and extremely high intensity of UV-B light: 3.0 W m-2, of UV-B for 3 hours, 6 hours and 7 days. During the experiment, chlorophyll fluorescence was measured to evaluate changes in photosynthetic apparatus of intrathalline alga. After 7 d exposition, amount of UV-B absorbing compounds was evaluated in U. antarctica. Heavy UV-B stress let to an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (OJIPs), however, majority of parameters related to functioning of PS II remained unchanged indicating high resistance of U. antarctica to UV-B stress. Potential (FV/FM) and actual (ФPSII) yields of PS II were not affected by the UV-B treatment as well. In majority of cases, heavy UV-B treatment led to a decrease in the amount of UV-B absorbing compounds extracted from treated thalli.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of Prosopis juliflora exposed to copper

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Yared Michel-Lopez ◽  
Francisco Espadas-Gil ◽  
Gabriela Fuentes-Ortiz ◽  
Jorge M. Santamaria ◽  
Daniel González-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

The effect of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities and bioaccumulation in different tissues of <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> was investigated using three CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mM) added under hydroponic conditions. Copper concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 48 h of copper stress. The results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of 50 and 100 mM Cu<sup>2+ </sup>resulted in a significant accumulation of this metal mainly in roots compared with control roots. On the other hand, our result showed a significant reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F<em>v</em>/F<em>m</em>) and the activity of photosystem II (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>0</sub>) ratios in <em>P.</em><em> </em>juliflora leaf treated with<em> </em>100 mM Cu<sup>2+</sup> with respect to control after 4h of exposure. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of P. juliflora was the primary target of the Cu<sup>2+ </sup>action. Therefore the information provided by this short-term (48 h) experiment in <em>P. juliflora</em> showed that several physiological processes are activated, in which the copper uptake by roots and their accumulation in tissues play a central role. In conclusion, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used as a useful physiological tool to assess early changes in photosynthetic performance of <em>P.</em> juliflora in response to copper pollution in short-term. Finally, the present study showed that <em>P. juliflora </em>is a promising prospect for heavy metals phytoremediation purposes occurring in arid and semi-arid climates in the northwest Mexico.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF OJIP CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE POSTHARVEST CHANGES IN PHOTOSINTHETIC APPARATUS IN CUT FOLIAGE SPECIES

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
W M U D Wijethunga ◽  
L S H Jayasooriya ◽  
S M J C Subasinghe ◽  
H M P C Kumarihami ◽  
C K Beneragama
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Transient Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Cut Foliage

Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is a non-invasive technique that can be potentially used in postharvest research to gain useful information on early responses to postharvest stresses. This study was conducted to validate the application of ChlF transient analysis in determining the postharvest changes in photosynthetic apparatus in three ornamental foliage species, i.e., Cordyline fruticosa ‘Willy’s Gold’ and ‘Rubra’, Dracaena sanderiana ‘White’, and Nephrolepis exaltata. Salicylic acid (100 and 300 mg·L−1), glucose (10 g·L−1), and their combinations were used as holding solutions with control treatment (distilled water) at room temperature (25±2°C). Vase life was evaluated using OJIP analysis. OJIP parameters, i.e., specific energy fluxes per reaction center (ABS/RC, TR/RC, ET/RC, and DI/RC), flux ratios (maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry-φPo), electron transport efficiency (ψo), and quantum yield of electron transport (φEo), and performance index (PI) were recorded every other day, using a fluorometer (FluorPen 100). Leaf chlorophyll contents of all species and anthocyanin contents of two cordyline cultivars were determined. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a completely randomized design. Mean separation was done by DMRT (p ≤ 0.05). Clear variations in ChlF were observed in every foliage species with the time. OJIP analysis showed species-depended variations. The higher ABS/RC and DI/RC were recorded for D. sanderiana and N. exaltata compared to the PI of those species. At the end of the experiment, the chlorophyll contents were decreased, while anthocyanin contents were increased. Consequently, chlorophyll fluorescence changes in photosynthetic apparatus can be used for the prediction of the postharvest stresses and longevity of cut foliage.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency of Sida Hermaphrodita Cultivated on Heavy Metals Contaminated Arable Land Under Various Fertilization Regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Rusinowski ◽  
Jacek Krzyżak ◽  
Marta Pogrzeba
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Contaminated and marginal lands are favourable place for biomass feedstock establishment, especially due to European Union directive 2009/28/EC. This strategy not only cover local demand for energy and heat but also can be valuable in those land phytomanagment. The second-generation perennial energy crop species are the most feasible for such purpose. We studied the impact of two different fertilizer treatments on plant physiological parameters associated with photosynthesis, heavy metals (HMs) and primary macronutrients accumulation in Sida hermaphrodita cultivated on HMs contaminated soil under field conditions. NPK fertilized plants showed the highest values of photosynthetic parameters at the beginning of growing season when compared to control and microbial inoculated plants. However, at the end of the growing season inoculated and control plants showed better photosynthetic performance than NPK treated. NPK fertilizer caused higher Cd and Zn shoot concentrations while microbial inoculation caused higher K and the lowest N and P concentrations in shoot. Due to Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in plants which should not result in alleviation of photosynthetic apparatus efficiency and biomass production it could be summarize that Sida hermaphrodita is a suitable plant for cultivation on land contaminated with HMs under different fertilization regimes.

Photosynthetic response in wheat plants caused by the phototoxicity of fluoranthene

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal S. Tomar ◽  
Anjana Jajoo
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Acceptor Side ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Environmental organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect photosynthetic performance in plants. The photooxidation of PAHs in natural sunlight, especially UV radiation, enhances the toxicity of PAHs. However, it is unclear as how these compounds and their photoproducts affect the photosynthetic apparatus. In this study, measurements of PSI and PSII were simultaneously performed in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants treated with fluoranthene (FLT) and photomodified fluoranthene (PFLT). The study aimed to investigate whether the phototoxicity of FLT has a different mechanism of toxicity on the two photosystems. With regard to PSII, FLT and PFLT produced a significant decrease in the quantum yield of PSII and a pronounced increase in the yield of nonregulated energy dissipation. A significant reduction was observed in the yield of nonphotochemical quenching. The toxic effects of the PFLT treatment on PSII’s performance were more pronounced. Likewise, we noted severe disruption in the electron transport rate in PSII and a decline in Fm caused by FLT phototoxicity. A decline in the quantum yield of PSI and an increase in donor and acceptor side limitation were observed concomitantly. The impact of PFLT was more evident than that of FLT. The data demonstrated that PSI is more tolerant of FLT but for PFLT, particularly at higher concentrations, a pronounced inhibition was observed in the oxidation–reduction kinetics of P700. All these data suggest that increased cyclic electron flow can confer greater protection from FLT toxicity but not from toxicity induced by higher concentrations of PFLT.

scholarly journals Consequences of Injury Caused by Cameraria caryaefoliella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Pecan Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
Leonardo Lombardini ◽  
Astrid Volder ◽  
Monte L. Nesbitt ◽  
Donita L. Cartmill
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Compensatory Increase ◽  
Injured Area

After an outbreak of blotch leafminer (Cameraria caryaefoliella) on field-grown pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees in 2010, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the consequences of the injury on carbon assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency, and, in particular, to assess if low-to-moderate injury induces a compensatory increase in photosynthesis. Gas exchange and light-adapted fluorescence were measured on non-injured portions of the leaflet lamina adjacent to the injured area as well as on portions of leaflets that included leafminer injury. Results indicate that damage of the photosynthetic apparatus did not extend beyond the injured areas by leafminers. Furthermore, although a strong relationship between the proportion of leafminer injury and area-based net CO2 assimilation rate of injured leaflet tissue was found, there was no evidence that pecan leaves were able to compensate for leafminer injury by upregulating CO2 assimilation in leaflet tissue that was unaffected.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding photosynthesis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf-Ingo Flügge ◽  
Peter Westhoff ◽  
Dario Leister
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
World Population ◽  
Light Energy Conversion ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Made In

Photosynthesis is central to all life on earth, providing not only oxygen but also organic compounds that are synthesized from atmospheric CO2and water using light energy as the driving force. The still-increasing world population poses a serious challenge to further enhance biomass production of crop plants. Crop yield is determined by various parameters,inter aliaby the light energy conversion efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery. Photosynthesis can be looked at from different perspectives: (i) light reactions and carbon assimilation, (ii) leaves and canopy structure, and (ii) source-sink relationships. In this review, we discuss opportunities and prospects to increase photosynthetic performance at the different layers, taking into account the recent progress made in the respective fields.

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