Practical needs and considerations for refugees and other forcibly displaced persons with neurological disorders: Recommendations using a modified Delphi approach

Background: There are >70 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, including refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. While the health needs of forcibly displaced people have been characterized in the literature, more still needs to be done globally to translate this knowledge into effective policies and actions, particularly in neurology. Methods: In 2020, a global network of published experts on neurological disease and refugees was convened. Nine physician experts from nine countries (2 low, 1 lower-middle income, 5 upper-middle, 1 high income) with experience treating displaced people originating from 18 countries participated in three survey and two discussion rounds in accordance with the Delphi method. Results: A consensus list of priority interventions for treating neurological conditions in displaced people was created, agnostic to cost considerations, with the ten highest ranking tests or treatments ranked as: computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, levetiracetam, acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, paracetamol, sodium valproate, basic blood tests, steroids and anti-tuberculous medication. The most important contextual considerations (100% consensus) were all economic and political, including the economic status of the displaced person’s country of origin, the host country, and the stage in the asylum seeking process. The annual cost to purchase the ten priority neurological interventions for the entire displaced population was estimated to be 220 million USD for medications and 4.2 billion USD for imaging and tests. Conclusions: A need for neuroimaging and anti-seizure medications for forcibly displaced people was emphasized. These recommendations could guide future research and investment in neurological care for forcibly displaced people.

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Gerontological aspects of improving the quality of medical and social assistance to older displaced persons in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2021.34.6.017 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 941-947

Author(s):

В.В. Чайковская ◽

Т.И. Вялых ◽

А.В. Царенко ◽

Н.Н. Величко ◽

В.А. Толстых ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Social Protection ◽

Hospice Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Displaced People ◽

Viable System

Исследование посвящено вопросам организации медицинского и социального обслуживания переселенцев пожилого возраста на уровне первичной медико-санитарной помощи (ПМСП) на Украине, определению основных задач и особенностей организации и предоставления им паллиативной и хосписной помощи (ПХП) в условиях пандемии COVID-19. По результатам социологического исследования с использованием методов опроса, экспертных оценок были проанализированы социально-психологические характеристики переселенцев пожилого возраста, особенностей их социальной адаптации, финансирования и медико-социального обслуживания. Были определены пути улучшения организации амбулаторной помощи переселенцам старшего возраста на уровне ПМСП, включающие структурную модернизацию и оптимизацию организационного обеспечения. Внедрение доступных и экономически обоснованных подходов позволяет усилить взаимодействие специалистов учреждений здравоохранения и социальной защиты, оптимизировать соблюдение стандартов и принципов медицинской помощи. В рамках организации ПХП базовыми являются европейские подходы формирования стратегии непрерывности предоставления паллиативной помощи в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Внедрение предлагаемых подходов в организации медицинской и социальной помощи на уровне амбулаторий ПМСП и обеспечение доступной ПХП являются актуальными для переселенцев пожилого возраста, находящихся в группе повышенного риска при пандемии COVID-19. This work aimed to study the organization of medical-social services for the elderly internally displaced persons at the level of primary medico-sanitary aid (PMSA) in Ukraine, assessment of the main tasks and specifics of organization and provision of palliative and hospice care (PHC) under COVID-19 conditions. As a result of the sociological investigation, using the questionnaire methods and experts’ evaluations, we have analyzed the socio-psychological characteristics of the elderly internally displaced persons, the specifics of their social adaptation, financing and medico-social servicing at the level PMSA, including structural modernization and optimization of organizational provision. The introduction of an affordable and economically viable system allows for the interaction of specialists from health care and social protection institutions, and optimizes compliance with the standards and principles of medical care. Within the framework of the PНC, we use the European approaches of formation of the strategy of palliative care expansion under COVID-19 pandemic. One of the main tasks is the provision of constant PHC. Introduction of the organization-structural system of the medical-social care at the PMSA level and provision of accessible and highly qualitative constant PHC are actual for the elderly displaced people, who are in the group of high risk COVID-19 death group.

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The challenges of internally displaced persons and the way forward: the Nigerian experience

University of Cape Coast Law Journal ◽

10.47963/ucclj.v1i1.221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-36

Author(s):

Agbo Friday Ojonugwa

Keyword(s):

Armed Conflict ◽

Internal Displacement ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Lasting Peace ◽

History Of ◽

Displaced People ◽

The Government ◽

Peace And Development

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are usually forced to flee or leave their homes, particularly in situations of armed conflict. They are displaced within their national territories and are generally subject to heightened suffering and vulnerability in many cases. It is also essential to state that the issue of internal displacement has become prominent because of the realisation that peace and reconstruction in conflict-ridden societies depend on the effective settlement and reintegration of displaced persons. Nigeria is a country that has a history of conflicts and displaced people. There has been a challenge in finding lasting peace through the employment of conflict resolution techniques and also the challenge of catering for the welfare of internally displaced persons in the country. However, peace and development without taking into account the settlement, return, and reintegration of IDPs. These desirous objectives are proving quite difficult in Nigeria as many challenges confront the government, policymakers, and humanitarian NGOs in providing the IDPs with their rights and needs. Some of the challenges can easily be overcome while some are more tasking requiring concerted efforts and massive resources to overcome. The aim of this article is to highlights the significant challenges confronting IDPs and provides some solutions to these challenges. In adopting the doctrinal method in discussions, the article finds that enormous challenges abound that confront IDPs in Nigeria, and it finds that there is the need for the government to find urgent solutions to the challenges of IDPs for the wellbeing of IDPs

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Improving environmental conditions for involuntarily displaced populations: water, sanitation, and hygiene in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and IDP settlements

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2018.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 785-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nikki Behnke ◽

Ryan Cronk ◽

Marielle Snel ◽

Michelle Moffa ◽

Raymond Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Future Research ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Displaced Populations ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Access To Water ◽

Development Outcomes ◽

Sustainable Development Goal 6 ◽

The University

Abstract Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations is an important component of Sustainable Development Goal 6: achieving universal and equitable access to basic WaSH services by 2030. To date, households have been the main priority in the WaSH sector, and other settings have received less attention. Ensuring that involuntarily displaced persons have adequate WaSH and environmental health services is of critical importance for human rights and development outcomes. The Water Institute at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and World Vision organized a side event at the 2017 UNC Water and Health conference to discuss obstacles and opportunities related to improving environmental conditions in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) settlements. Participants discussed the characteristics of each setting in breakout discussion groups, and then came together to discuss the similarities and differences between the three settings. Our goal was to allow common themes and lessons to emerge and to develop recommendations and shape future research. This side event provided an opportunity for participants from different professional backgrounds to share their experiences working with involuntarily displaced populations and discuss ways forward.

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Some reflections on the IFRC's approach to migration and displacement

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s1816383118000255 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 99 (904) ◽

pp. 153-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastien Moretti ◽

Tiziana Bonzon

Keyword(s):

Migration Policy ◽

Red Cross ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Irregular Migrants ◽

The Past ◽

Cross Border ◽

Displaced People

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the development of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’ (IFRC) approach to migration and displacement. The focus of the IFRC and its member National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies) in this regard has traditionally been on refugees and other so-called “displaced persons” – that is, people who have been compelled to flee their place or country of origin and for this reason are deemed to be particularly vulnerable. However, this focus has been extended recently, in the course of the past decade, to cover all people who find themselves in a vulnerable situation in the context of migration. The IFRC Migration Policy, which was adopted in 2009, has offered much-needed guidance to National Societies in dealing with all migrants, including irregular migrants. However, it is argued that there is a need today – taking into consideration the increasing number of displaced people worldwide and the numerous contexts in which National Societies are dealing with refugees, internally displaced persons or cross-border disaster-displaced persons – to better understand the programmatic aspects that are specific to displacement compared with migration. This is a necessary condition in view of the development of more adequate and effective responses to the vulnerabilities and needs of migrants and displaced persons.

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Urbanisation by subtraction: the afterlife of camps in northern Uganda

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x14000457 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 597-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Susan Reynolds Whyte ◽

Sulayman Babiiha ◽

Rebecca Mukyala ◽

Lotte Meinert

Keyword(s):

Northern Uganda ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Water Supplies ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Displaced People ◽

The Dead ◽

Local Leaders

ABSTRACTAs peace returns to northern Uganda, a unique arithmetic of development is evident in the former Internally Displaced Persons camps. Small trading centres whose populations multiplied as they became camps now envision futures as Town Boards. Subtraction is necessary: the displaced people and the dead buried in the camps are being returned to their rural villages. Urban planners have produced meticulous drawings that envisage the division of land into plots for development. Donors are making additions in the form of new market buildings and water supplies. Yet this arithmetic must reckon with new problems as time passes. The article is based primarily on fieldwork in Awach, a former IDP camp now slated for status as a Town Board. In analysing material from interviews with landowners, ‘remainders’ who stayed behind after the camp closed, local leaders and officials, we emphasise the paradoxes, tensions and conflicts of this special path to development.

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Prioritizing a Research Agenda of Transitional Care Interventions for Childhood-Onset Disabilities

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.682078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Duncan ◽

Dorothy Luong ◽

Laure Perrier ◽

Mark T. Bayley ◽

Gail Andrew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research Agenda ◽

Transitional Care ◽

Research Evaluation ◽

Consensus Meeting ◽

Future Research ◽

Adult Health ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Modified Delphi ◽

Delphi Approach ◽

Health And Social Care

Transitional care interventions have the potential to optimize continuity of care, improve health outcomes and enhance quality of life for adolescents and young adults living with chronic childhood-onset disabilities, including neurodevelopmental disorders, as they transition to adult health and social care services. The paucity of research in this area poses challenges in identifying and implementing interventions for research, evaluation and implementation. The purpose of this project was to advance this research agenda by identifying the transitional care interventions from the scientific literature and prioritize interventions for study. A modified-Delphi approach involving two rounds of online surveys followed by a face-to-face consensus meeting with knowledge users, researchers and clinician experts in transitional care (n = 19) was used. A subsequent virtual meeting concluded the formulation of next steps. Experts rated 16 categories of interventions, derived from a systematic review, on importance, impact, and feasibility. Seven of the 16 interventions categories received a mean score rating of ≥7 (out of 10) on all three rating categories. Participants then rank ordered the reduced list of seven interventions in order of priority and the top four ranked interventions advanced for further discussion at a consensus meeting. Using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist as a guide, the participants identified that a study of a peer system navigator was worthy of future evaluation. This study highlighted that transitional care interventions are complex and multifaceted. However, the presence of a peer to support system navigation, advocacy and individual and family education was considered the most ideal intervention addressing the current gap in care. Future research, which aims to engage patients and families in a co-design approach, is recommended to further develop this intervention.

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IDP and Refugee Return to Northern Iraq: Sustainable Returns or Demographic Bombs?

Refuge ◽

10.25071/1920-7336.21376 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

David Romano

Keyword(s):

Social Economic ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

High Expectations ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Northern Iraq ◽

Political Situation ◽

The Social ◽

The Future ◽

Displaced People

Regime change in Iraq has opened the door to the return of hundreds of thousands of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), the majority of whom were expelled from Kirkuk and other areas in northern Iraq. The Iraqi case presents three broad, readily identifiable categories of displaced persons: refugees in Iraq's neighbouring states, internally displaced persons, and refugees and migrants in third countries further afield. The first two categories include the largest numbers of displaced people as well as the majority of those with a great desire or pressing need to return to their homelands in Iraq. Although some of those displaced have succeeded in making a good life for themselves in their new new homes, those who did not manage well after their displacement generally long to return to their original towns and homes. However, the following general problems, in order of gravity, impede the success and sustainability of returns to northern Iraq: (i) sectarian competition over political structures and power distributions in post-Saddam Iraq; (ii) increasing lack of security in Iraq; (iii) insufficient preparations and slow policy implementation by the former CPA and Coalition Forces; (iv) insufficient financial resources to deal with the full magnitude of the displacement problem in Iraq; and (v) high expectations of returnees vis-a-vis continuing lack of opportunities and the slow rate of positive developments in the social, economic and political situation in Iraq. However, the emerging political contests over the future of the new Iraq greatly complicate effective and comprehensive return programs; the ultimate test of success and sustainability of return to Iraq will depend on the future of post-Saddam Iraq itself.

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FAITH-BASED INTERVENTIONS IN THE REINTEGRATION OF DISPLACED BOKO HARAM VICTIMS INTO THE SOCIETY: A REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) ◽

10.36713/epra4986 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 297-314

Author(s):

Adebayo Ola Afolaranmi

Keyword(s):

Conflict Transformation ◽

Religious Violence ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Boko Haram ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Faith Based ◽

Displaced People ◽

Nigerian Government ◽

Faith Based Organizations

Boko Haram insurgency has affected many people in the northeastern part of Nigeria. Many of these victims have migrated to other parts of the country. While some of these people become internally displaced persons (IDPs) in IDP centres or camps, some prefer to migrate to, and live among their ancestral relatives. The latter are referred to as migrated displaced persons. Many faith-based organizations especially churches of the Nigerian Baptist Convention have been making efforts to transform the lives of these displaced people and reintegrate them into the society. The paper reviews some related themes such as terrorism and religious violence, Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, jihad, trauma, internally displaced persons, Christian theological bases for humanitarianism, Baptist policy/theological stands on humanitarianism, and religious responses to crisis in transforming lives of displaced people from conflict-affected areas. The paper ends with some recommendations for faith-based organizations and the Nigerian government. KEYWORDS: Boko Haram, terrorism, conflict transformation, internally displaced persons, migrated displaced persons, faith-based organizations, Nigerian Baptist Convention, Nigeria

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Forced Displacement from Ukraine’s War-Torn Territories: Intersectionality and Power Geometry

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1017/nps.2020.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 690-706

Author(s):

Irina Kuznetsova ◽

Oksana Mikheieva

Keyword(s):

International Organizations ◽

Economic Resources ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Public Officials ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

State Recognition ◽

Protracted Conflict ◽

Displaced People ◽

Power Geometry

AbstractThe number of internally forcibly displaced persons is growing every year across the globe and exceeds the number of refugees. To date, Ukraine has the highest number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Europe, with about 1.4 million people forced to flee from the conflict in eastern Ukraine. Employing Massey’s concept of ‘power geometry’, the modalities of borders, and taking an intersectional approach, this article theorizes how IDPs are situated politically within a protracted conflict. Such an approach offers the chance to see how the reaction to the war brings authorities to see displaced people as a static category and reproduces a war-lexicon in policies, which fractures the space of everyday life. Drawing upon qualitative research on IDPs, the civil society, international organizations, and public officials in Ukraine, the article concludes that intersections of gender and older age with displacement, and the lack of state recognition of these differing groups of IDPs, together with the lack of the economic resources for social policy, produces multiple forms of social exclusion.

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International legal framework for the protection of internally displaced persons

Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools ◽

10.33531/farplss.2019.1.38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 203-208

Author(s):

A. Sheludchenkova ◽

O. Spector ◽

A. Derkach

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Legal Status ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Internal Displacement ◽

Internally Displaced Persons ◽

Displaced Persons ◽

Internally Displaced ◽

Internally Displaced People ◽

Or Groups ◽

Displaced People

The author defines the notion of the internally displaced people, analyses the reasons of their appearance and compares the internally displaced people and refugees’ legal status. Internally Displaced Persons were defined in 1992 by the Commission on Human rights as “Persons or groups who have been forced to flee their homes suddenly or unexpectedly in large numbers, as a result of armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights or natural or man-made disaster, and who are within the territory of their own country”. There is no universal legally binding instrument for protecting and assisting internally displaced persons. The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were recognized by the UN General Assembly are not of a binding character.

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