scholarly journals COVID-19 IDD: A global survey exploring the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Linehan ◽  
Tal Araten-Bergam ◽  
Julie Beadle-Brown ◽  
Christine Bigby ◽  
Gail Birkbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
National Level ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Survey Team ◽  
The Impact

Background: This protocol outlines research to explore the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on individuals who have intellectual and developmental disabilities and their caregivers. Evidence suggests that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities experience disparities in healthcare access and utilisation. This disparity was evident early in the pandemic when discussions arose regarding the potential exclusion of this population to critical care. Methods: An anonymous online survey will be conducted with caregivers, both family members and paid staff, to explore the impact of COVID-19 on this population in terms of demographics, living arrangements, access to services, the impact of social distancing, and also carer wellbeing. The survey will be developed by the research team, many of whom are experts in intellectual disability within their own jurisdictions. Using back-translation our team will translate the survey for distribution in 16 countries worldwide for international comparison. The survey team have extensive personal and professional networks in intellectual disability and will promote the survey widely on social media with the support of local disability and advocacy agencies. Statistical descriptive and comparative analyses will be conducted. Ethical approval has been obtained for this study from University College Dublin’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HS-20-28-Linehan). Dissemination: Study findings will be prepared in a number of formats in order to meet the needs of different audiences. Outputs will include academic papers, lessons learned paper, practice guidelines, reports, infographics and video content. These outputs will be directed to families, frontline and management delivering disability services, national-level policy makers, healthcare quality and delivery authorities, national pandemic organisations and international bodies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 IDD: A global survey exploring family members’ and paid staff’s perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their caregivers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Christine Linehan ◽  
Tal Araten-Bergam ◽  
Jennifer Baumbusch ◽  
Julie Beadle-Brown ◽  
Christine Bigby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
National Level ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Survey Team ◽  
The Impact

Background: This protocol outlines research to explore family members’ and paid staff’s perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their caregivers. Evidence suggests that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities experience disparities in healthcare access and utilisation. This disparity was evident early in the pandemic when discussions arose regarding the potential exclusion of this population to critical care. Methods: An anonymous online survey will be conducted with caregivers, both family members and paid staff, to explore their perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 in terms of demographics, living arrangements, access to services, social distancing, and carer wellbeing. The survey will be developed by the research team, many of whom are experts in intellectual disability within their own jurisdictions. Using back-translation our team will translate the survey for distribution in 18 countries worldwide for international comparison. The survey team have extensive personal and professional networks and will promote the survey widely on social media with the support of local disability and advocacy agencies. Statistical descriptive and comparative analyses will be conducted. Ethical approval has been obtained for this study from University College Dublin’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HS-20-28-Linehan). Dissemination: Study findings will be prepared in a number of formats in order to meet the needs of different audiences. Outputs will include academic papers, lessons learned paper, practice guidelines, reports, infographics and video content. These outputs will be directed to families, frontline and management delivering disability services, national-level policy makers, healthcare quality and delivery authorities, national pandemic organisations and international bodies.

scholarly journals ‘We have been in lockdown since he was born’: a mixed methods exploration of the experiences of families caring for children with intellectual disability during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e049386
Author(s):  
Jeanne Wolstencroft ◽  
Laura Hull ◽  
Lauren Warner ◽  
Tooba Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
William Mandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Extreme Change ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the experiences of parents caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) during the UK national lockdown in spring 2020, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignParticipants were identified using opportunity sampling from the IMAGINE-ID national (UK) cohort and completed an online survey followed by a semistructured interview. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingInterviews were conducted over the telephone in July 2020 as the first UK lockdown was ending.Participants23 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities aged 5–15 years were recruited.ResultsThemes reported by parents included: managing pre-existing challenges during a time of extreme change, having mixed emotions about the benefits and difficulties that arose during the lockdown and the need for appropriate, individualised support.ConclusionsOur findings confirm observations previously found in UK parents of children with IDD and provide new insights on the use of technology during the pandemic for schooling and healthcare, as well as the need for regular check-ins.

The Effects of Technology Supports on Community Grocery Shopping Skills for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 016264342198997
Author(s):  
Sojung Jung ◽  
Ciara Ousley ◽  
David McNaughton ◽  
Pamela Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In this meta-analytic review, we investigated the effects of technology supports on the acquisition of shopping skills for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) between the ages of 5 and 24. Nineteen single-case experimental research studies, presented in 15 research articles, met the current study’s inclusion criteria and the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards. An analysis of potential moderators was conducted, and we calculated effect sizes using Tau-U to examine the impact of age, diagnosis, and type of technology on the reported outcomes for the 56 participants. The results from the included studies provide evidence that a wide range of technology interventions had a positive impact on shopping performance. These positive effects were seen for individuals across a wide range of ages and disability types, and for a wide variety of shopping skills. The strongest effect sizes were observed for technologies that provided visual supports rather than just auditory support. We provide an interpretation of the findings, implications of the results, and recommended areas for future research.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MENTAL HEALTH AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Jung Nam Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
National Level ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

This descriptive study provides basic data for developing a mental health promotion program by analyzing the mental health status under the impact of COVID-19 and verifying the factors affecting mental health. This study aims to identify the prevalence and associated factors of mental health after the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted targeting a total of 156 Korean adults aged 19~64 years. Using the SPSS Win 19.0 program, the frequency, mean, t-test or ANOVA, X2-test, linear regression, and logistic regression analysis were performed. A total of 31.4%, 20.5%, and 12.8% of all subjects classified depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation risk, respectively, and intolerance of uncertainty affected depression (β = .51) and anxiety (β = .63). In addition to intolerance of uncertainty, self-efficacy (β = -.16) was a factor affecting depression. The variables explain 35% of depression and 44% of anxiety. Further, employment status affected suicidal ideation, which increased the risk of suicidal ideation 2.71-fold with unemployed status. This paper is novel because it seeks to find that the intolerance of uncertainty was the common factor affecting mental health during COVID-19. The early detection of risk due to COVID-19 and the intolerance of uncertainty are common factors underlying mental health issues, underscoring the need for cognitive interventions at the individual level and sufficient information and psychological support related to the COVID-19 at the national level.

The Experiences and Perceptions of College Peer Mentors Interacting with Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-287
Author(s):  
Lindsay S. Athamanah ◽  
Marisa H. Fisher ◽  
Connie Sung ◽  
Jinny E. Han
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Peer Mentoring ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Peer Mentors ◽  
The Impact

Peer mentoring programs provide an opportunity for individuals with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to learn, socialize, and work together in supportive and inclusive environments. In this study, we used a phenomenological research design to explore the impact of a college campus-based peer mentoring program on the experiences and perceptions of participating college peer mentors ( n = 13) toward high school students with IDD who were enrolled in a school-to-work transition program housed on campus. Using thematic analysis across four different data sources, we identified three main themes that peer mentors discussed based on their experiences in the program: (a) mentors’ personal development: constructing meaning of self, (b) mentee growth: perceived work and social impact, and (c) campus community benefits: normalizing disability. Peer mentors reported their own attitudes toward individuals with IDD were changed based on participating in the peer mentoring program and they observed improvements in their mentees’ personal and work-related social relationships. We discuss how these outcomes have impacted the peer mentors’ attitudes, career choices, and lives in general. We also provide implications for future research and practice regarding development and implementation of peer mentoring programs in the community.

Lessons Learned From Our Elders: How to Study Polypharmacy in Populations With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Stortz ◽  
Johanna K. Lake ◽  
Virginie Cobigo ◽  
Hélène M. J. Ouellette-Kuntz ◽  
Yona Lunsky
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Associated Variables

Abstract Polypharmacy is the concurrent use of multiple medications, including both psychotropic and non-psychotropic drugs. Although it may sometimes be clinically indicated, polypharmacy can have a number of negative consequences, including medication nonadherence, adverse drug reactions, and undesirable drug–drug interactions. The objective of this paper was to gain a better understanding of how to study polypharmacy among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). To do this, we reviewed literature on polypharmacy among the elderly and people with IDD to inform future research approaches and methods on polypharmacy in people with IDD. Results identified significant variability in methods used to study polypharmacy, including definitions of polypharmacy, samples studied, analytic strategies, and variables included in the analyses. Four valuable methodological lessons to strengthen future polypharmacy research in individuals with IDD emerged. These included the use of consistent definitions of polypharmacy, the implementation of population-based sampling strategies, the development of clinical guidelines, and the importance of studying associated variables.

Factors Associated With Living in Developmental Centers in California

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Harrington ◽  
Taewoon Kang ◽  
Jamie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
At Home

Abstract This study examined need, predisposing, market, and regional factors that predicted the likelihood of individuals with developmental disabilities living in state developmental centers (DCs) compared with living at home, in community care, or in intermediate care (ICFs) and other facilities. Secondary data analysis using logistic regression models was conducted for all individuals ages 21 years or older who had moderate, severe, or profound intellectual disability. Client needs were the most important factors associated with living arrangements, with those in DCs having more complex needs. Men had higher odds of living in DCs than in other settings, whereas older individuals had lower odds of living in DCs than in ICFs for persons with developmental disabilities and other facilities. Asians/Pacific Islanders, African Americans, and Hispanics were less likely to live in DCs than to live at home. The supply of residential care beds for the elderly reduced the likelihood of living in DCs, and the odds of living in a DC varied widely across regions. Controlling for need, many other factors predicted living arrangements. Policymakers need to ensure adequate resources and provider supply to reduce the need by individuals with intellectual disability to live in DCs and to transition individuals from DCs into other living arrangements.

Impact of Medicaid Managed Care on Illinois's Acute Health Services Expenditures for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Yamaki ◽  
Coady Wing ◽  
Dale Mitchell ◽  
Randall Owen ◽  
Tamar Heller
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Managed Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Medicaid Managed Care ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract States have increasingly transitioned Medicaid enrollees with disabilities from fee-for-service (FFS) to Medicaid Managed Care (MMC), intending to reduce state Medicaid spending and to provide better access to health services. Yet, previous studies on the impact of MMC are limited and findings are inconsistent. We analyzed the impact of MMC on costs by tracking Illinois's Medicaid acute health services expenditures for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) living in the community (n = 1,216) before and after their transition to MMC. Results of the difference-in-differences (DID) regression analysis using an inverse propensity score weight (IPW) matched comparison group (n = 1,134) design suggest that there were no significant state Medicaid cost savings in transitioning people with IDD from FFS to MMC.

scholarly journals Adaptive Functioning (AF) Evaluations of Foreign Nationals Facing Capital Punishment

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1285
Author(s):  
A Chacon ◽  
A Barragan ◽  
T Judd ◽  
D Safi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
American Association ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities

Abstract Objective The US Supreme Court ruled against the application of the death penalty to individuals with intellectual disability (ID) (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002). Diagnostic criteria for ID require subnormal adaptive functioning (AF) in addition to IQ test scores (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) recommend using culturally sensitive approaches. Assessing AF in immigrants is a challenge because their cultural backgrounds are different than those of the standardization samples of United States AF measures. When typical AF measures are not appropriate, AAIDD (2010) offers guidelines about appropriate sources such as school, work, and medical records, prior psychosocial evaluations, and qualitative adaptive behavior interviews with multiple informants. However, defendants facing the death penalty are often raised in impoverished areas with a paucity of pertinent documentation. This study identifies and discusses issues related to the use of self-report, selection of respondents, questions, collateral information, and clinical judgment in AF evaluations of immigrants facing the death penalty. Case Description We present a case study of an AF evaluation of a Mexican national seeking ID exemption from capital punishment. Discussion We offer a framework for developing and judging the quality of an AF evaluation that adheres to the (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) guidelines, and includes 1) strengths and limitations of adaptive functioning in relation to others of his age group and culture; 2) reliable evidence concerning the individual’s history in specific periods of time; 3) an account of the individual’s cultural and linguistic differences; and 4) an account for potential bias on the respondents’ side. References Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002). American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. fifth ed. Washington, DC: APA; 2013. American Psychological Association. (2016). Revision of ethical standard 3.04 of the “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” (2002, as amended 2010). American Psychologist, 71, 900. Schalock, R.L., Borthwick-Duffy, S.A.,Bradley, V. J., Buntix, W.H.E.,.Coulter, D.L., Craig, E.M…..Yeager, M.H. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. (11th ed.).Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. doi:978-1-935304-04-3. Schalock, R.L., Luckasson, R.A., Bradley, V., Buntinx, W.H.E., Lachapelle, Y., Shogren, K.A…Wehmeyer, M.L. (2012). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and system of supports: User's Guide. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

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