To Estimate Pulmonary Arterial Compliance and Pulse Wave Velocity in Cerebral-Cardiovascular Patients Using CT Cardiac Images

Recently, there has been renewed interest in estimating total arterial compliance. Because it cannot be measured directly, a lumped model is usually applied to derive compliance from aortic pressure and flow. The archetypical model, the classical two-element windkessel, assumes 1) system linearity and 2) infinite pulse wave velocity. To generalize this model, investigators have added more elements and have incorporated nonlinearities. A different approach is taken here. It is assumed that the arterial system 1) is linear and 2) has finite pulse wave velocity. In doing so, the windkessel is generalized by describing compliance as a complex function of frequency that relates input pressure to volume stored. By applying transmission theory, this relationship is shown to be a function of heart rate, peripheral resistance, and pulse wave reflection. Because this pressure-volume relationship is generally not equal to total arterial compliance, it is termed “apparent compliance.” This new concept forms the natural counterpart to the established concept of apparent pulse wave velocity.

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Variation in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation pressure and augmentation index during different phases of menstrual cycle

Annals of Medical Physiology ◽

10.23921/amp.2018v2i3.10454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nudrath Kahkashan ◽

Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin ◽

Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari ◽

Safia Sultana ◽

Farah Fatima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Augmentation Pressure

Physiological variation of estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle is well known. They not only have an effect on blood pressure control, but also seem to have a role in regulating arterial compliance. This study was done to find out whether there are any changes in central arterial parameters during different phases of menstrual cycle. Thirty female subjects in the age group of 18-22 years with normal, regular menstrual cycles participated in this prospective observational study at our teaching hospital. Anthropometric parameters were recorded. Blood pressure in all 4 limbs was recorded using cardiovascular risk analyzer-Periscope™ on Day 3rd to 5th (follicular phase), Day 12th to 14th (ovulation phase), Day 22nd to 24th (luteal phase) of their menstrual cycle. We collected blood samples during these three phases for estimation of estradiol and progesterone by ELISA technique. Analysis of variance and correlation statistics were done using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. No significant statistical changes were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, aortic systolic pressure, aortic diastolic pressure, aortic augmentation pressure, aortic index and pulse wave velocity during the three recorded phases of the menstrual cycle. There are many studies which correlate changes in peripheral artery blood pressure with different phases of menstrual cycle. But there is scarcity in data available which correlates central arterial pressures and arterial stiffness with natural hormonal variations in different phases of menstrual cycle. However, our results show that although there are subtle changes in blood pressure parameters along with estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle, yet these were not statistically significant.

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Decreased arterial compliance assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity is an important parameter for monitoring of blood pressure in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases

Russian Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 4036

Author(s):

H. Yilmaz Ak ◽

Y. Ozsahin ◽

N. Baskurt Aladag ◽

F. Gencoglu ◽

B. Sahin Yildiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Control Group ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Arterial Blood

Aim. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are more likely to have higher risk of cardiac events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be used to measure the aortic dis-tensibility and it is known as inversely related to the arterial compliance. Increased aortic stiffness which is assessed by PWV, is seem to be associated with arterial blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the arterial compliance by PWV in patients with CID including RA and FMF.Material and methods. We studied 25 patients with RA, 33 patients with FMF and 31 healthy subjects without a history of any cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia (89 subjects in total). We measured the arterial compliance by automatic carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV using Complior Colson (France) device. PWV (m/s) = distance (m)/transit time(s).Results. It is seen that, patients with CID have higher carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV (8,76±2,09 vs 8,07±0,94 m/s) compared to control groups (p=0,03). There were significant correlations between PWV and age, body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure. (p<0,001, r=0,65; p<0,001, r=0,36; p<0,001, r=0,42; p<0,001, r=0,46; p<0,001, r=0,48, respectively).Conclusion. Arterial compliance, which is assessed by carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV, is decreased in patients with CID such as RA and FMF when it is compared to healthy control group.

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Abstract 420: The Ratio of L-arginine to Asymmetric Dimethylarginine is Associated With Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.33.suppl_1.a420 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nobuyuki Masaki ◽

Yasunaga Shiraishi ◽

Yuko Nakaya ◽

Takehiko Kujiraoka ◽

Hirotaka Yada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Angiography ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Arterial Compliance ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vasomotor Function

Background Endothelial dysfunction decrease vasomotor function and cause vascular stiffening in addition to the structural changes. Relative L-arginine deficiency to ADMA influencing NO synthesis may increase arterial stiffness in elderly individuals. We investigated the relationship between the L-arginine / ADMA ratio and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) of the patients with suspected or already known coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results The cross-sectional study enrolled 74 patients (67 ± 10 y/o) undergoing coronary angiography. There were 54 (73%) patients with CAD including 3 of coronary bypass surgery, and 11 of old myocardial infarction. Exclusion criteria were ankle brachial index (ABI) less than 0.9 in both lower extremities and hemodialysis. baPWV and ABI were obtained using an automatic waveform analyzer. Serum L-arginine, ADMA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of L-arginine to ADMA was associated with baPWV (γ= -0.323, p=0.005) (Figure). Although the value of baPWV was dependent on systolic blood pressure and heart rate at measurement as reported previously, the ratio was a significant predictor of baPWV in multivariate analysis (β= -0.448, p<0.001). Additionally, serum L-arginine, and L-arginine / ADMA ratio were also independent contributing factors to baPWV in the subgroup of 46 elderly patients (>64 y/o). Conclusion We observed that many ageing patients with cardiovascular disease had low L-arginine / ADMA ratio accompanied with high baPWV. The findings suggested that correction of serum L-arginine level can be a therapeutic option to recover arterial compliance for the population.

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