scholarly journals A. H. Tammsaare’s Epic Musicality

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Arne Merilai
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Poetic Style

A. H. Tammsaare was drawn to the musical tonality of prose. Importantly though, he did not wholeheartedly embrace sound patterning as a mode of writing. Rather, he preferred a semantic widening of ordinary language within a comprehensively holistic “spherical music”. In his novels, we can detect a deliberate use of rhythmic motion in sentences. This is evident primarily in the wealth of lexical and syntactic repetitions resulting in a parallelism of patterns. An obvious, although discreet, rhythmic design emerges in the thesisantithesis- synthesis parataxis the core words of which are the adversative and coordinating conjunctions aga (‘but’), and integrative ometi (‘yet’, ‘indeed’). The frequency with which these bound conjunctions occur in Tammsaare’s work surpasses that of ordinary speech by about four times, and it is twice as high as the statistical mean for literary texts. One might call this expressive of an epic but-mantra, a prose-poetic but-meter, or a narrative polysyndeton, and, from a philosophical point of view, a but-dialectic. Whenever a reader fails to appreciate Tammsaare’s underlying tone and does not discern the emotional flow of longing scepticism that issues from his dyadic-triadic chains, this pervasive, yet inconspicuously arguing, textual mode may seem unduly pretentious. Indeed, there is nothing to prevent a prose text from featuring a poetic style that is rooted in a poetry-like, paradigmatic parallelism as the poetic principle of formal and semantic equivalence.

scholarly journals Hermeneutics and its New Tendencies: to the Question of Aesthetic Paradigm Change

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
N. F. Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Main Ideas

Introduction. The work examines the main vector of development of contemporary literary and hermeneutics studies. The main aim is to show how the view of the text has changed and what are the important tools in the process of its interpretation.Methodology and sources. Firstly, various philosophical and literary approaches to texts are considered. One of the main ideas behind the research method is the comparison of the modernist, post-modernist and meta-modernist paradigm in the process of text interpretation. Another important aspect is the consideration of symptomatic and surface reading, as an important tool in the discussion of whether the text bears any meaning apart from the directly deducable and what is the most contemporary if not the best way of interpreting it. Most texts analyzed are literary examples, mainly taken from Anglophone literature.Results and discussion. The results of the research state a number of tendencies in the view of contemporary hermeneutics. Among the general conclusion of the shift from modernist to post-modern and meta-modern patterns in the narrative. Regarding the process of text interpretation what is stated is a general tendency to see the surface l evel of the text as bearing all the necessary and important meanings. The older and more conservative approach of bringing meaning into the text is also at work, depending on the traditions. Elimination of text interpretation (or denying it its original im portance) is also an important point of view, as it states that a literary text explains more than any supporting attempt of its explanation. Another important feature is a tendency of a modern literary text to adopt characteristics of poetry. The psychoanalytic view is competing with post-modernist or meta-modernist view.Conclusion. Metamodernist tendency, surface reading and attention to the literary text itself, and not its further explanation seems to be the core of a contemporary view of literary texts, their interpretation and, hense, meaning.

Gemeinsprachliche Ressourcen beim Wissens- und Wissenschaftstransfer - die Rolle der Deixis bei der propositionalen Komposition in universitären Vorlesungen in den Fächern Physik und Maschinenbau

Fachsprache ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 104-122
Author(s):  
Winfried Thielmann
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Academic Teaching

Abstract Languages for special purposes have mainly been considered from the point of view that they are specialized, i.e. that they satisfy the terminological needs of expression of specialized groups. The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that specialized discourses such as university lectures may make specific use of ordinary language devices. An analysis of sections from German lectures in physics and mechanical engineering reveals that deictics play a special role in propositional  composition. The findings are relevant for the general principles of linguistic science and knowledge transfer as well as for teaching German as a first or second academic language. Schlagwörter: Sprache wissenschaftlicher Lehre – Deixis – Physik – Maschinenbau – propositionale Komposition Key words: Language of academic teaching – deictics – physics – mechanical engineering – propositional composition

Bleibende Aufgaben einer phänomenologischen Literaturtheorie

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Eckhard Lobsien
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Reading ◽  
Phenomenological Point

Abstract What sort of object is a literary text? From a phenomenological point of view - phenomenology considered as both a radical theory of reading and a theory of radical reading - a range of answers arise, many of them tinged with deconstructive momentum. This paper aims at pointing out some basic issues in reading literary texts, offering ten theses on the enduring tasks of phenomenological literary theory.

Patriotic Gifts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Grillot
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great War ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Interracial Interactions ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Great War

This chapter looks at these interracial interactions from the point of view of Indians in an effort at writing a historical anthropology of Indian patriotism. At the core of Indians' military participation and commemoration of the Great War, the practice of giving, to non-Indians or to Indians, to outsiders or to insiders, to family members or to complete strangers, structured the expression of patriotism in Indian communities. Examining Memorial and Armistice Days, in particular, this chapter looks at the role these holidays played in allowing Indians to maintain boundaries with their white neighbors and develop a series of adaptations of patriotic symbols and ceremonies that acclimatized patriotism for reservation life on an unprecedented scale.

scholarly journals Chinese Adversative Bèi Passive and Its English Translations in Literary Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Lester Zixian LIU
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Narrative Perspective ◽  
English Translations

This research aims at finding the commonalities and distinctive features of translating bèi (被) passive into English in the context of literary texts and investigating different approaches translators adopt. Twelve English translation in the Spring 2015 edition of Pathlight will be analyzed as a way to develop translation resources. The main approaches to translation are: (1) retaining the original passive sentences and/or passive construction, (2) changing to corresponding active sentences, (3) changing into active sentences with the same narrative perspective, and (4) paraphrasing the original passives. Translation of adversative bèi passive sentences is evaluated from the perspectives of semantic equivalence and aesthetic effect in order to investigate whether they effectively and successfully express the original adversative meaning and represent the original aesthetic effect. Reasons for ineffective and unsuccessful semantic equivalence are analyzed, that include translators failing to recognize the adversative expression of bèi passive, and not paying sufficient attention to preserving the original lexical terms which express the adversative connotation and present the literary effect and adversative resultative compounds in bèi passive.

scholarly journals J. Ladyman and E. J. Lowe: Patterns, Essence, and Truthmaking

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Golovko
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Core

The paper aims to look for an adequate ontological explanation of the «second pattern» existence within Ladyman’s ITSR, the existence of which is a necessary condition that the analyzed pattern is a real pattern indeed. From Ladyman’s point of view, the ontological truthmaker for the epistemic fact is thus that it is a real pattern. As the core interpretation of truthmaking within Ladyman’s concept, we will take the interpretation of truthmaking as essential dependence proposed by E.J. Lowe: an object is a truthmaker for the proposition when part of the essence of the proposition is that the proposition is true if the object exists. Taking into account a number of limitations of Lowe’s concept (essence precedes existence, essence is not an object, etc.), the existence of a “second pattern” within Ladyman’s conception should be understood via defining its essence, regardless of whether its very existence is ever confirmed.

scholarly journals Education for Sustainability: Developing Ecocritical Literature Circles in the Student Teacher Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Lykke Guanio-Uluru
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Young Adult Literature ◽  
Literature Circles ◽  
Student Feedback ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Core ◽  
Literature Circle

Abstract How can student-teachers learn efficient ways to encourage sustainability thinking in their pupils and fulfil the competence aims on sustainability outlined in national subject curriculums as a response to UNESCO’s programme on Education for Sustainable Development, ESD? The core hypothesis of this project was that tailored literature circles, focused on the ecocritical aspects of literary texts, would make student-teachers aware of how they can use literature as a process to reflect on sustainability. This would enable them to incorporate sustainability thinking into their own teaching practices. The project’s tailoring of the standard literature circle roles (Daniels 1994, 2002, 2006) involved the design of reading roles that highlighted ecocritical and generic aspects of the studied texts and the application of an analytical matrix developed by literary scholars researching the representation of nature in children’s and young adult literature. This article presents the results of a small-scale study testing the ecocritical literature circles approach and its impact on student-teachers’ conception of their own ability to meet the competence aims on sustainability in their teaching. The intervention included lectures on ecocriticism and on the posthuman debate prior to the literature circles and student feedback through pre- and post-circle questionnaires. It was implemented in the teacher-training classroom, working with dystopian science fiction texts for young adults. These texts present the reader with visions of the future. The study showed that the ecocritical literature circles, and in particular the ecocritical reading roles, were considered useful by the participating student-teachers. The participants also reported a significant increase in confidence relative to their own ability to discuss sustainability issues with their pupils.

scholarly journals Islam and the Other: A Study on the Image of The Other in Early Muslim Societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-292
Author(s):  
Cemal Özel
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Over Time

In this study, the Byzantine image in the religious and literary texts produced by Muslim societies in the first four centuries of the Hijra has been examined in terms of historical process. To this end, first, a theoretical basis has been established within the framework of the concepts of identity, difference, other, and othering. Then, the imagery of Byzantium is analyzed through the interpretation of the first five verses of the Surah Rûm, with regards to naming, politics, religion, culture, science, philosophy, art and women's descriptions. The main argument of the study is that the Byzantine image of Muslims cannot be addressed independent of the relationships established with Byzantium. From a historical point of view, it is seen that the image of Byzantium, which was initially positive, turned into negative depending on the course of relations and was balanced over time in terms of change, while the style and content of political and political imagery varied, there is very little variation in descriptions of social life with regards to Constantinople, Byzantine craftsmanship, family life and women. While the Qur'an and the Sunnah culture formed the basis of the Byzantine perception in the early days, political developments became dominant over time. On the other hand, Muslims did not deal with Byzantium in a monolithic, shallow and reductive way, but they used the distinction between “us” and “them” to improve the image of Islam and reinforce Muslim identity.

scholarly journals НОВЫЙ ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ МИР В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ АКИ МОРЧИЛАДЗЕ

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (8(38)) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Ната Бердзули
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Postmodern Literature ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Narrative Story ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Narrative Function

The narrative dates from a long time ago and the subject of its research was to study fundamental principles of narration.It is so old that the ideas of its structure have been developed in the ancient times. The etymology of the term "narrative", is derived from the Latin and its meaning is narration. This term was emerged in the literary studies as a result of novelist works by Roland Bart, Claude Bremann, Cvetan Todorov and others. In the twentieth century, many theories were created about the narrative, and in the same century, the main analytical components of narrative - story, sound, time, point of view, character, role were established.Narrative can be considered as a feature of postmodernism, because narrative sources take special significance in postmodernism.While researching modern literature a significant function is given to the variety of narrative usages. The aim of the theme is to research the narrative function on the basis of comparative analysis of Aka Morchiladze's creative works.Aka Morchiladze's novels are filled with familiar literary or historical motives, acting people, stories, but itcreates a different reality through narrative or literary plays.The author creates a narrative text based on literary texts and "historical information". Historical information that is used in the text does not correspond to reality, and we, the readers, think that we are about to learn “historical novel” and the narrator is a historian,-not a novelist. Finally, we realize that we deal with the "fake history", allusion of writer's fantasy and literary and historical facts. Therefore, with regards of the presented issues, it is necessary to take into consideration the specificity of postmodern literature and peculiarities of realization of this specificity in Georgian reality. Narrative sources are of particular importance in postmodernism, which is one of the most important elements of the study of the text to be analyzed.

German Incunabula Herbals from the Russian State Library: Towards Popular Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-87
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Squires ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Popular Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Language History ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
And Function

Early printed herbals have a special place in the 15th-century book production as they were popular both with academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, and with the common reader. The popular response to the mass production of herbal books made possible by the invention of printing left textual and linguistic evidence in the form of handwritten marginal notes. In the present study, six copies of illustrated herbals printed in Mainz by Peter Schoeffer in 1484 and 1485 are compared as to the subject, language and function of the marginal notes found in them. Five of these books are from the Rare Books Department of the Russian State (former Lenin) Library, the sixth copy from the Moscow University Library is used to enable better comparison. The analysis has shown that the types of marginal notes vary significantly depending on the owners’ social status, interest, background, and on the time and region. Marginal notes in Latin or Greek are considered from the point of view of their thematic (content) and chronological (dating) characteristics. As the result of many centuries of natural science, herbals were an important source of professional knowledge for academics, including medical scientists and pharmacists, of the time. Thematically, linguistically and paleographically, marginal notes of this type can be ascribed to professionals or students of natural sciences. Notes made considerably later than the incunabula era can in fact only be explained by an academic interest on the part of the reader (some notes date after 1700). Marginal notes made in German and, judging by the handwriting, dating closer to 1500 reflect work of common medical practitioners or even of lay readers, who used their herbals to cope with practical problems of their everyday life. These German marginal notes are of high interest as a source for German language history, as they contain synonymous names of plants, additional to those used in the printed text. The analysis of their form, dialect, and distribution proves that they offer valuable lexical material (regional names) in the semantic field usually scarcely documented in medieval literary texts. Those descriptions, which are indicative of region or dialect, show a distinct Southern German origin of their authors.

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