Tropes variations: the topic of particulars beyond Sellars’s myth of the given

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, I would like to bring into the light the almost unexplored Sellars’s theory of particulars. Second, I would like to show its surprising degree of compatibility with the thesis supported by some contemporary tropists (Lowe, Gozzano and Orilia (eds), Tropes, Universals and the Philosophy of Mind, Ontos Verlag, 2008; Moltmann, Mind 113:1–41, 2004 and Moltmann, Noûs 47:346–370, 2013). It is difficult to establish whether Sellars possessed an own theory of tropes, developed independently by the classical form it took in Williams 1953, but as a matter of fact the peculiar features of his “complex particulars” model it is very much like Williams’s theory. So much so that to all intents and purposes it represents a tropes variation. One of its strengths is that it is not part of a constituent ontology, since it is essentially developed from a linguistic and phenomenological point of view. It is for these reasons that this theory manages to avoid some of the classic objections to tropes and it shows to be compatible with the argument of Jonathan Lowe’s “proper visibility” as well as with Friederike Moltmann’s exquisitely linguistic interpretation of tropes.

A Phenomenological Approach to Skeptical Theism

"The purpose of the present essay is to present a version of the evidential argument from evil and to propose a ‘skeptical theistic’ response from a phenomenological point of view. In a word, the problem with the evidential argument from evil is that it attempts to put forth as justified an interpretation of the moral significance of historical events which actually exceeds the limits of human knowledge and which is based on a misinterpretation of experience. The essay also corrects certain analytic-philosophical notions regarding the nature of appearance, terminating with a discussion of the familiar critiques of analytic skeptical theism and the question of whether the belief in the existence of God might not be affected by the apparent skepticism implied by the phenomenological approach to knowledge in general. Keywords: existence of God, argument from evil, skeptical theism, phenomenology, analytic philosophy "

Experiencing Values in the Flow of Events: A Phenomenological Approach to Relational Values

This paper explores the notion of ‘relational values’ from a phenomenological point of view. In the first place, it stresses that in order to make full sense of relational values, we need to approach them through a relational ontology that surpasses dualistic descriptions of the world structured around the subject and the object. With this aim, the paper turns to ecophenomenology’s attempt to apprehend values from a first-person perspective embedded in the lifeworld, where our entanglement with other beings is not a theoretical construction but a palpable reality. Overall, the article’s main purpose is to show that, in our direct and raw experience, values do not appear as subjective judgments or as objective properties but as events in which we participate alongside other human and non-human beings.

Exploration of Everydayness in Schizophrenia: A Phenomenological Approach

This article explores everydayness as a specific form of experience of the world and its alterations in schizophrenia. In the field of phenomenological psychopathology, the transformations of subjective experience in schizophrenia have been the subject of a great deal of work, but the relationship between these alterations of subjective experience and the experience of the everyday remains largely unexplored. A phenomenological point of view leads us to explore everydayness as a constitutive framework of experience, one that may be impeded in schizophrenia. The question of the everyday allows us to bridge the gap between the descriptions of subjective experience proposed by phenomenological psychopathology and what is at stake in therapeutic treatment. It seems to us that the work of constructing an individual narrative of the everyday may be a useful psychotherapeutic approach for helping patients rebuild the framework of everydayness.

Shadows: A Phenomenological Analysis

Shadows are intriguing phenomena. They do not have mass or energy. So, they are unable to have some basic characteristics of the objects of which they are shadows: they cannot move by themselves and they cannot experience the same kind of changes. At first sight, any theory of perception can skip this optical phenomenon or look at it only as a side-effect. Actually, in order to be seen objects must be illuminated and one of the consequences of this is that they project a shadow over the surrounding space. Is that all? In this paper I will argue that, from a phenomenological point of view (or at least from a Husserlian oriented phenomenology), shadows, with their specific hyletic data, must be considered as an element of the process of constitution of spatial-temporal objectivities. In other words, shadows no less than other predicates, like extension or hardness, although in a different manner, belong to the a priori structure of those objectivities. This means that their ontological status is quite different from that of fictitious objects or hallucinations. To show this I will draw mainly in Husserl’s Lesson Thing and Space, from 1907, and other unpublished texts during Husserl’s lifetime, like the second volume of the Ideas and the Lesson of 1925 on Psychological Phenomenology.

Picturing Big Data with Expanded and Virtual Reality : Agenda and Challenges Faced

This paper gives a multi-disciplinary review of the exploration issues and accomplishments in the field of Big Data and its representation methods and instruments. The principle point is to sum up difficulties in perception strategies for existing Big Data, just as to offer novel answers for issues identified with the present status of Big Data Visualization. This paper gives a characterization of existing information types, scientific strategies, perception procedures and instruments, with a specific accentuation set on reviewing the development of representation approach over the previous years. In light of the outcomes, we uncover detriments of existing perception techniques. This paper will examine utilizing vivid augmented simulation conditions for envisioning, collaborating and sorting out enormous information. It uncovers that a large number of the created applications don't legitimize their ways to deal with introduction or association. A phenomenological point of view of encapsulated recognition and collaboration is examined to ground future turns of events. Besides, we examine the effects of new innovations, for example, Virtual Reality shows and Augmented Reality head protectors on the Big Data perception just as to the arrangement of the fundamental difficulties of incorporating the innovation.

PHENOMENOLOGY AND HERMENEUTICS OF REVELATION. TWO-VOICE OF PAUL RICOEUR AND JEAN-LUC MARION

Revelation is a key category for both phenomenology and hermeneutics. The first domain deals with the possibility of revelation, while the second through its interpretation seeks to understand the reality. Hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur is characterized by a focus on understanding the human ipseity (soi) and as such refers to phenomenology. Ricoeur is the author of the term 'hermeneutic phenomenology'. Initially, he emphasized the separation between the revelation of the sacrum and the verbal message of religious traditions. With time, however, he noticed that the religious word assumes the functions of numinosum, becoming a place of revelation. After all, Ricoeur remains on the content side of revelation, and therefore the phenomenology of Jean-Luc Marion, who treats revelation from a purely phenomenological point of view, is a valuable complement to this research. Revelation is the giving of the phenomenon as such, on its own initiative, starting from itself, independent from the subject, saturated phenomenon. From this two-voice of Ricoeur and Marion emerges a full picture of the philosophy of revelation, confirming at the same time the need for cooperation between phenomenology and hermeneutics

Embodied “inter-practice” in organizations – the contribution of Merleau-Ponty to carnal organizational practices and studies

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to develop a critical and extended understanding of practices in organizations from a phenomenological point of view. It explores the relevance of Merleau-Ponty's advanced phenomenology and ontology for understanding the role of the lived body and the embodiment of practices and change in organizational lifeworlds.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review and phenomenology, the role of embodied and relational dimension, the concept of an emergent and responsive “inter-practice” in organizations is developed systematically.FindingsBased on the phenomenological and relational approach, the concept of (inter-)practice allows an extended more integral and processual understanding of the role of bodily and embodied practices in organizational lifeworlds as emerging events. The concept of inter-practice(ing) contributes to conceiving of new ways of approaching how responsive and improvisational practicing, related to change, coevolves within a multidimensional nexus of organizations.Research limitations/implicationsSpecific theoretical and methodological implications for exploring and enacting relational practices as well as limitations are offered.Practical implicationsSome specific practical implications are provided that facilitate and enable embodied practices in organizational contexts.Social implicationsThe responsive inter-practice is seen as embedded in sociality and social interactions and links to sociocultural and political as well as ethical dimensions are discussed.Originality/valueBy extending the existing discourse and using an embodied approach, the paper proposes a novel orientation for reinterpreting practice that allows explorations of the emergence and realization of alternative, ingenious and more suitable forms of practicing and change in organizations.

Modern Qur’anic Hermeneutics

Many Muslim philosophers have studied the Qur’an; many times the Qur’an has been used to support philosophical arguments. But this does not represent a ‘philosophical Qur’anology’, that is something akin to the ‘philosophical Christology’ developed over a long time in Christian Western thought. This chapter’s object is then the Qur’an as a main inspirational principle of philosophy. Many hermeneutical paths have been taken in order to fathom and disclose the secrets of a Scripture so multi-layered and complex. In the chapter, a philosophical path is proposed especially from a phenomenological point of view. The chapter is divided into two parts. The first is the pars destruens and examines a number of hermeneutical problems from the point of view of content, history, methodology, and implications, showing their values and advantages and disadvantages and the need to go further. In the second construens part, the chapter proposes a theoretical path within the Qur’an, searching to demonstrate that God’s transcendence (tanzih) can be read in phenomenological terms. Phenomenology ischosen as a useful key to open the door of the secrets of Being. Being in Islam is God and God discloses Himself in the Qur’an. Thus, phenomenology is a key to probing the Qur’an. Phenomenology offers a direct route to an investigation of the ontological reality of God and opens the door to the straight human action in history and society.