scholarly journals Broken tone in Leivu CV’V-words

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Pire Teras
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
The South

Leivu is one of the South Estonian dialects historically spoken in eastern Latvia and influenced by Latvian. One likely influence is broken tone or stød, which was developing in Leivu mainly as a result of the loss of /h/ in first quantity degree words. The aim of this study is to determine what characterises the pronunciation of CV’V-words (lost intervocalic /h/) and differentiates these from CVV-words. Sound durations, F0 and intensity contours of the syllable rhyme were analysed. Vowel duration in CV’V-words tends to be longer than in CVV-words. In CV’V-words, a short drop in intensity can occur between two identical or two different vowels, with the first vowel often being longer than the second one. In some cases, the second vowel in CV’V words was laryngealised. In CV’V-words, an early F0 turning point where F0 starts to fall occurs more consistently than in CVV-words where F0 can also be rising. Kokkuvõte. Pire Teras: Katketoon leivu CV’V-sõnades. Leivu on üks lõunaeesti murretest, mida räägiti Ida-Lätis ja mida mõjutas läti keel. Üks neist mõjudest on tõenäoliselt katketoon, mis oli tekkimas peamiselt esmavältelistes sõnades /h/ kao tulemusel. Liivi keeleski on katketooni kujunemise üheks põhjuseks peetud just /h/ kadu. Selle töö eesmärk on välja selgitada, mis iseloomustab leivu /h/-kaoliste CV’V-sõnade hääldust ja mis eristab neid kolmandavältelistest CVV-sõnadest. Analüüsiti häälikukestusi, põhitooni- ja intensiivsuskontuure. Vokaalikestus on leivu CV’V-sõnades veidi pikem kui CVV-sõnades. CV’V-sõnades võib toimuda intensiivsuse langus ja tõus või järsk intensiivsuse langus nii kahe ühesuguse kui ka erineva vokaali vahel: esimene vokaal on enamasti kestuselt pikem kui teine. Ka CVV-sõnade hilistekkelistes diftongides on esimene osis sageli pikem kui teine. Mõnel juhul larüngaliseerub CV’V-sõnades silbituuma lõpuosa. Põhitoonikontuuris on CV’V-sõnades palju järjekindlamalt varane pöördepunkt ja langev põhitoon kui CVV-sõnades, kus tuleb ette ka hilise pöördepunktiga tõusvat põhitooni.

Mayama, Seika (1878–1948)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohe Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Social Drama ◽  
The South ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Historical Authenticity

Mayama Seika was a novelist, historian, and one of the most prominent playwrights in Japan’s modernist theater movement. Born Mayama Akira in Sendai, he studied medicine at high school and worked as a lay doctor in 1902. While in middle school, he became interested in literature. Inspired by Tokutomi Rokka (1868–1927) to become a novelist, he moved to Tokyo in 1903. Mayama’s first story was published when his mentor, Satō Kōroku (1874–1949), submitted it to meet his own deadline signed with Seika, a name subsequently adopted by Mayama as his own. Also under Satō, he helped to adapt Konjiki Yasha [The Golden Demon] by Ozaki Kōyō for the stage. In 1907 he published Minami Koizumi-mura [The South Koizumi Village], thereby winning recognition as a major naturalist novelist. However, in 1910 his career as a novelist ended in disgrace, however, for double-publishing his manuscripts. Ostracized from the bundan, he turned to scholarly research on Edo history, an abiding passion that engaged him for most of his life, and which not only produced authoritative studies on Ihara Saikaku, but later lent his drama depth and historical authenticity. Following an invitation from actor Kitamura Rokurō, he joined Shōchiku in 1913 as a playwright, gaining life-long patronage from ōtani Takejirō and Noma Seiji, the founders of Shōchiku and the Kōdansha publishing house, respectively. In 1915–1917, he wrote pieces of mostly contemporary social drama for shinpa, including Mihana Adahana [A Flower Is Useless if it Blossoms without Bearing Fruit]. A turning point came in 1918 when he wrote two historical plays which were produced by kabuki, a much more prestigious genre.

scholarly journals WERE THERE POLITICAL ALTERNATIVES IN THE WAKE OF THE SHARPEVILLE-LANGA VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1960?

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUL DUBOW
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
South African ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
African History ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Black Resistance ◽  
Liberation Movements ◽  
New Research

AbstractIn many accounts, the Sharpeville emergency of 1960 was a key ‘turning point’ for modern South African history. It persuaded the liberation movements that there was no point in civil rights-style activism and served as the catalyst for the formation of the African National Congress's armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe. From the South African government's perspective, the events at Sharpeville made it imperative to crush black resistance so that whites could defend themselves against communist-inspired revolutionary agitation. African and Afrikaner nationalist accounts are thus mutually invested in the idea that, after Sharpeville, there was no alternative. This article challenges such assumptions. By bringing together new research on African and Afrikaner nationalism during this period, and placing them in the same frame of analysis, it draws attention to important political dynamics and possibilities that have for too long been overlooked.

scholarly journals Competing Marxist Theories on the Temporal Aspects of Strike Waves: Silver’s Product Cycle Theory and Mandel’s Long Wave Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Cottle
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
The South ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Temporal Aspects

Despite the profound changes in capitalist development since the industrial revolution, strike waves and mass strikes are still a feature of the twenty-first century. This article examines two Marxist theories that seek to explain the temporal aspects of strike waves. In the main, I argue that Silver’s product cycle theory, suffers from an over-determinism, and that turning point strike waves are not mainly determined by lead industries. Mandel’s long wave theory argues that technological innovations tend to cluster and thus workers in different industries feature prominently in strike waves. By re-examining and comparing two competing Marxist theories on the temporality of strike waves and turning points, I will attempt to highlight the similarities but also place emphasis on where the theories differ. I examine the applicability of the theories to the South African case, and reference recent world events in order to ascertain the explanatory power of the competing theories. In the main I argue that Silver’s product cycle lead theory does not fit the South African experience. KEYWORDS  turning point strike waves; product cycle; long waves; capitalism

scholarly journals Quarrel of Mongolian Princes and Dating of the Mongols Campaign to South-Western Rus

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
V.A. Chichinov
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Secret History

The purpose of this article is to research the information by historical sources related with the Mongolian invasion to the South-Western Rus, determination exact dates of the conquest of Russian southern cities and consideration the quarrel of the Mongol princes, as a turning point in the history of the Mongol invasion and the Mongol empire. The author has some several conclusions. Firstly, the Russian chronicles, the chronicle of Rashid al-Din, and the “Secret History of the Mongols” contain the information, by which we can reconstructing the chronology of events past. Secondly, to determination an accurate chronology of the events of the Mongol invasion of South-Western Russia, it is important to use a source such as “The Secret History of the Mongols”, which was written by an eyewitness to the events that unfolded in the residence of the Mongolian emperor. Thirdly, the author was able to date the events associated with the capture of some southern Rus cities by the Mongols. The research has provided information that reveals the specifics of the Mongol conquest of Kiev, namely, the date of the event was clarified, and also identified the commanders who did not participate in this campaign and were mistakenly counted among the conquerors of Kiev, the “mother of Russian cities”.

scholarly journals The development and realization by the nazi leadership of the wehrmacht’s plans of the offensive operation for the spring-summer campaign of 1942 in the south wing of the soviet-german front

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
Sergei Ivanovich Linets ◽  
Ludmila Ivanovna Milyaeva ◽  
Aleksandr Sergeevich Linets ◽  
Margarita Sergeevna Bogoslavtseva ◽  
Olga Borisovna Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
German Army ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The article shows the history of the development by the German High Command of the plans of the Wehrmacht’s offensive operation in the south wing of the Soviet-German front for the spring-summer campaign of 1942. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on some individual aspects of the planning by the Nazi leadership of “Case Blue” (German – Fall Blau) and its subsequent realization. The result of this correction was a quick creation of the two new strategic plans: “Operation Braunschweig” – the offensive against Stalingrad and “Operation Edelweiss” – the offensive against the Caucasus. In the paper, the authors as a conclusion note that such dispersion of the armed forces of the German army led in the end to the shortage of forces for the realization of the both plans and the defeat of the Wehrmacht both in Stalingrad and in the battle of the Caucasus. The victories of the Red Army in those battles resulted in the radical turning-point at the entire Soviet-German front, in the beginning of the liberation of the Soviet territories from the German occupation troops.

The Turning of the Wheel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pesach Malovany ◽  
Amatzia Baram ◽  
Kevin M. Woods ◽  
Ronna Englesberg
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
The South ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
New Phase

This chapter deals with the beginning of the Iranian offensive on Iraqi soil, which were a turning point in the development of the war, and an opening of a new phase. It describes the preparations on the Iraqi side for the continuation of the war, especially in the Basra sector in the south of Iraq, the First Basra Campaign (July 1982) and the five Iranian attacks launched in this sector and their consequences. It deals also with the opening of the war against Iranian oil exports by the air attacks on the island of Kharg (August 1982), as well as the campaign in the Mandali sector against the Iranian attacks in October –November, 1982).

The Failure of Operation Dixie

2020 ◽  
pp. 288-330
Author(s):  
Michael Goldfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
Labor Organizing ◽  
Major Turning Point ◽  
Failed Attempt

Chapter 7 focuses on the failed attempt by unions after World War II to unionize the South, referred to informally as Operation Dixie. Contrary to much extant scholarship, the chapter regards Operation Dixie as an underfunded, misguided attempt at organizing; it was racially backward, had no understanding of what was necessary, and served largely as a primer on how not to organize. Rather than being a major turning point, Operation Dixie is shown to have been at best a coda to earlier failures in southern labor organizing and the end of major union growth in the United States, at least in the private sector.

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