scholarly journals Nature of gamma radiation variations during atmospheric precipitations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Алексей Германенко ◽  
Aleksey Germanenko ◽  
Юрий Балабин ◽  
Yuriy Balabin ◽  
Борис Гвоздевский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Geophysical Institute ◽  
Polar Geophysical Institute ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The complex facility for continuous monitoring of various components of secondary cosmic rays was developed in the Polar Geophysical Institute. Increases in gamma-radiation during precipitation are found to occur during the year regardless of a season. As shown in a series of experiments, there is no precipitation pollution by any radionuclides of natural or artificial origins. Radiation spectrum does not have any characteristic lines of elements. The mechanism which satisfactorily describes this phenomenon was proposed.

scholarly journals Nature of gamma radiation variations during atmospheric precipitations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алексей Германенко ◽  
Aleksey Germanenko ◽  
Юрий Балабин ◽  
Yuriy Balabin ◽  
Борис Гвоздевский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Geophysical Institute ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Polar Geophysical Institute ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Precipitation Events

The Polar Geophysical Institute has developed a complex facility for continuously monitoring various components of secondary cosmic rays. Gamma radiation during precipitation events has been found to increase the year round regardless of the season. A series of experiments has revealed that there is no precipitation pollution by any natural or artificial radionuclides. Radiation spectrum does not have any characteristic lines of elements. We propose a mechanism providing a satisfactory description for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of soft gamma-radiation variations in the atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Aleksei Germanenko ◽  
Evgenya Mikhalko ◽  
Evgeny Maurchev ◽  
Boris Gvozdevsky ◽  
Igor Yankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Geophysical Institute ◽  
Polar Geophysical Institute ◽  
Main Components

Soft gamma-radiation (20-400 keV) arriving from the atmosphere is being monitored by Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI), Apatity, Russia, at several stations located between Spitsbergen and the Causases. In Apatity and Spitsbergen, it has been carried out for ten years already. Detectors of the same type with output integral channels > 20 keV and > 100 keV are used. All the stations record increases in the gammaradiation flux, which are sometimes as high as 100%. These increases occur all the year round, in winter and summer and are recorded at all the stations. A great database on these increases has been used to analyze their characteristics. The detector used in Apatity, is integrated into a complex set carrying out monitoring over the main components of the secondary cosmic rays. According to the earlier experiments, no radioactive contamination has been found in precipitation. The integral and differential data have been analyzed to reveal the peculiarities of the phenomenon studied.

scholarly journals Common features of gamma-radiation increase at different stations from Arctic to mid-latitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Yury Balabin ◽  
Boris Gvozdevsky ◽  
Alexey Germanenko ◽  
Evgeny Mikhalko ◽  
Evgeny Maurchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Polar Geophysical Institute ◽  
Background Gamma Radiation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electromagnetic Component ◽  
Soft Radiation

Background gamma-radiation (20-400 KeV) monitoring in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere has been carried out by Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI) for many years. This radiation originates in the atmosphere by cosmic rays. In propagation through the atmosphere, the flux of soft radiation experiences variations which are induced by various processes in the atmosphere. A unique and extensive database has been collected on the level of the soft gamma-radiation occurring in 2009-2017. Measurements are made with the help of similar detectors developed at PGI. All the stations observe the event which was for the first time discovered by the authors: gamma-background increase at precipitation. These increases are not related to any radionuclides in precipitation. Increases are observed only in the electromagnetic component originating in the atmosphere from cosmic rays. The complex analysis of the data collected has shown that the characteristics of the events (such as amplitude, duration, the count-rate, a total energy) have clear differences through the seasons at each station. The analysis of the events shows that variations of the background gamma-radiation can be used to study some atmospheric processes in the lower atmosphere.

Production ofπMesons and Gamma Radiation in the Galaxy by Cosmic Rays

1963 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 2684-2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Pollack ◽  
G. G. Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
The Galaxy

scholarly journals Evaluation of tactile cues for simulated patients’ status under high and low workload

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuphar Katzman ◽  
May Gellert ◽  
Joseph J. Schlesinger ◽  
Tal Oron-Gilad ◽  
Jeremy R. Cooperstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the most complex areas in hospital care, as patients require continuous monitoring by physicians and nurses. Currently, clinicians are informed about the patients’ physiological conditions through visual color-coded signals and auditory alarms. Previous studies have shown that vibrotactile cues can be used to inform clinicians of a patient’s vital signs status, either in a unisensory or multisensory alarm scheme. We present the results of the first in a series of experiments devoted to examining the feasibility to use tactile cues to convey detailed physiological information about more than one patient, rendered through a lower-leg tactile interface. The current experiment utilized a simulated clinical environment with 14 undergraduate students. Participants were required to interpret information delivered by the tactile interface, for two different patients, while they performed a continuous cognitively demanding task. Results indicate that under such conditions, it is possible to deliver critical information with a successful interpretation rate of approximately 85% but not without cost to the continuous demanding task. Future experiments should evaluate more tactile patterns in order to increase their interpretation success rate, and evaluate the use of these tactile cues with clinicians.

scholarly journals Results of microwave monitoring of middle atmosphereozone in polar latitudes for two winter seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Kulikov ◽  
◽  
A.F. Andriyanov ◽  
V.G. Ryskin ◽  
V.M. Demkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Geophysical Institute ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Polar Geophysical Institute ◽  
Mesospheric Ozone ◽  
Dynamic Components ◽  
Microwave Data

We present data continuous series of microwave observations of the middle atmosphere in winters 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. In each of these winters sudden stratospheric warming were marked.Measurements were carried out with the help of mobile ozonemeter (observation frequency 110836.04 MHz), which was established at Polar Geophysical Institute in Apatity (67N, 33E). The parameters of the device allow to measure a spectrum of the ozone emission line for time about 15 min a precision of 2%. On the measured spectra were appreciated of ozone vertical profiles in the layer of 22 60 km which were compared to satellite data MLS/Aura and with the data of ozonesonde at station Sodankyla (67N, 27E). The microwave data on the behavior of mesospheric ozone (altitude 60 km) indicate the presence of bothphotochemical and dynamic components in its changes.

scholarly journals Anomalous Absorption of Cosmic Rays in Lead

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
WL Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Absorption Curve ◽  
Anomalous Absorption ◽  
Lead Absorption ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Anomalies in the lead absorption curve of the vertical component of cosmic radiation have been reported by several authors using counter telescopes (Aiya 1944; George and Appapillai 1945; Swann and Morris 1947; Kellermann and Westerman 1949; Fenyves and Haiman 1950; Mazzolli de Mathov. 1951; Abd EI-Wahab Khalil 1952). However, in a recent detailed series of experiments, results of which were published as the experiment to be described here was nearing completion, Heyland and Duncanson (1953) found no evidence of any anomaly in the absorption curve.

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