MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLULAR AND TISSUE REACTIONS IN TUBERCULOUS INFECTIONS CAUSED BY DRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS

One of the main causes of the epidemic of tuberculosis in our country is the spread of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are multiple and extensively drug-resistant. This serious drug resistance structure is explained by the wide circulation of strains of mycobacteria of the genetic family Beijing in the Russian Federation. Each of the stages of such an evolving infectious process is characterized by certain tissue and cellular reactions, shifts in metabolism and functional state of cells involved in the inflammatory process. The literature review covers the biological properties of this strain, the morphology of mycotuberculous inflammation from the position of cell-tissue reactions, the role of the vascular bed in this inflammation, and the study of the functional activity of cellular elements in the zone of tuberculous inflammation with the help of immunohistochemical study

Download Full-text

The Biology and Role of Interleukin-32 in Tuberculosis

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2018/1535194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wu Li ◽

Wanyan Deng ◽

Jianping Xie

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Host Molecule ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Important Host ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with nearly 10.4 million new cases of incidence and over 1.7 million deaths annually. Drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, especially multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant strains, have further intensified the problem associated with tuberculosis control. Host-directed therapy is a promising alternative for tuberculosis control. IL-32 is increasingly recognized as an important host molecule against tuberculosis. In this review, we highlight the proinflammatory properties of IL-32 and the mode of action of IL-32 in mycobacterial infections to inspire the development of novel immunity-based countermeasures and host-directed therapies against tuberculosis.

Download Full-text

Role of Alanine Racemase Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosisd-Cycloserine Resistance

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01575-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yoshio Nakatani ◽

Helen K. Opel-Reading ◽

Matthias Merker ◽

Diana Machado ◽

Sönke Andres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alanine Racemase ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Evolutionary Patterns ◽

Content Type ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Selection For ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT A screening of more than 1,500 drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed evolutionary patterns characteristic of positive selection for three alanine racemase (Alr) mutations. We investigated these mutations using molecular modeling, in vitro MIC testing, as well as direct measurements of enzymatic activity, which demonstrated that these mutations likely confer resistance to d-cycloserine.

Download Full-text

Increase of Virulence and Its Phenotypic Traits in Drug-Resistant Strains of Candida albicans

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01223-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 927-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Letizia Angiolella ◽

Anna Rita Stringaro ◽

Flavia De Bernardis ◽

Brunella Posteraro ◽

Mariantonietta Bonito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Infection Model ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Homozygous Mutation ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT There is concern about the rise of antifungal drug resistance, but little is known about comparative biological properties and pathogenicity of drug-resistant strains. We generated fluconazole (FLC; CO23RFLC)- or micafungin (FK; CO23RFK)-resistant strains of Candida albicans by treating a FLC- and FK-susceptible strain of this fungus (CO23S) with stepwise-increasing concentrations of either drug. Molecular analyses showed that CO23RFLC had acquired markedly increased expression of the drug-resistance efflux pump encoded by the MDR1 gene, whereas CO23RFK had a homozygous mutation in the FSK1 gene. These genetic modifications did not alter to any extent the growth capacity of the drug-resistant strains in vitro, either at 28°C or at 37°C, but markedly increased their experimental pathogenicity in a systemic mouse infection model, as assessed by the overall mortality and target organ invasion. Interestingly, no apparent increase in the vaginopathic potential of the strains was observed with an estrogen-dependent rat vaginal infection. The increased pathogenicity of drug-resistant strains for systemic infection was associated with a number of biochemical and physiological changes, including (i) marked cellular alterations associated with a different expression and content of major cell wall polysaccharides, (ii) more rapid and extensive hypha formation in both liquid and solid media, and (iii) increased adherence to plastic and a propensity for biofilm formation. Overall, our data demonstrate that experimentally induced resistance to antifungal drugs, irrespective of drug family, can substantially divert C. albicans biology, affecting in particular biological properties of potential relevance for deep-seated candidiasis.

Download Full-text

On the Role of Schistosome Mating Structure in the Maintenance of Drug-resistant Strains

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology ◽

10.1007/s11538-005-9001-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 209-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dashun Xu ◽

Jason Curtis ◽

Zhilan Feng ◽

Dennis J. Minchella

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistant ◽

Mating Structure ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Download Full-text

Renaissance of Tuberculosis in the 19905: Lessons for the Nephrologist

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686089401400302 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 209-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Stephen I. Vas

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant ◽

Therapeutic Recommendations ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Objective To call attention to the worldwide increase in tuberculosis and to review the disease in peritoneal dialysis patients. Data Sources Recent epidemiological publications. Data Extraction Epidemiological data summarized in tables and diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations reviewed. Conclusions Tuberculosis is on the rise worldwide. Multiple drug-resistant strains are emerging, causing therapeutic problems. The role of atypical mycobacterial infections in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is reviewed. Early diagnosis of cases and thorough chemotherapy are advocated.

Download Full-text