Spatio-temporal distribution of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in streams of a sub-basin of the Uruguay river basin, southern Brazil

Adult females of most black flies species (Diptera, Simuliidae) exhibit a blood-sucking habit. Immature stages develop in water courses and are important in the ecology of lotic environments. We aim to understand the distribution of immature simuliids in the hydrographic sub-basin of the Comandaí river, in Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For that purpose, simuliids were sampled in three stretches (source, intermediate and mouth) of nine streams, distributed along the three main regions of the sub-basin. Evaluations of the influence of abiotic factors in different spatial and temporal scales were made. Sampling was carried out in two seasons: between September and November 2016 (spring), and between April and July 2017 (autumn). In total, 17,146 individuals were sampled (larvae of last instars and pupae), which resulted in the identification of eleven Simuliidae species. The most abundant species were Simulium pertinax Kollar (77.55%), followed by Simulium incrustatum Lutz (14.56%) and Simulium subpallidum Lutz (2.35%). Regarding the identification of indicator species, S. pertinax, Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon, S. subpallidum and Simulium orbitale Lutz stood out in mouth stretches, and Simulium rubrithorax Lutz in source stretches. Environmental variables such as conductivity, altitude, canopy cover and stream width were interpreted as important conditioning factors for the distribution of simuliid immature stages. In general, we concluded that Simuliidae are more abundant during spring in the study area, mainly downstream. This information may contribute to the implementation of efficient measures to control species of health importance in southern Brazil.

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Spatial and temporal distribution of Pseudis minuta (Anura, Hylidae, Hylinae) and environmental variables related to its reproductive activity in Reserva Biológica do Lami, southern Brazil

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212010000200010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 145-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Caroline Zank ◽

Marcos Di-Bernardo ◽

Raúl Maneyro ◽

Patrick Colombo ◽

Luciana A. Fusinatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Abiotic Variables ◽

Temperature Water ◽

Pseudis Minuta

We studied the reproductive biology of a population of Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 from Reserva Biológica do Lami (30º 15' S; 51º 05' W), Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. We assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals (males, females, juveniles) and explored potential relationships with environmental variables. Field activities encompassed bimonthly surveys in three semi-permanent ponds, each one during approximately two days and two nights, from August 2004 to July 2005. We recorded differences in the sites used by males, females and juveniles, with males occupying deeper and more distant places from the border. The temporal distributions of individuals, calling sites and amplectant pairs indicated that the reproductive activity of P. minuta is related to some of the studied abiotic factors. Calling males presented statistical differences in relation to non-calling males for all daily abiotic variables analyzed (air temperature, water temperature, relative humidity and rainfall), as well as to monthly temperature and rainfall. The number of active males, females and juveniles was influenced by at least one of the daily or monthly environmental variables analyzed. We conclude that the reproduction in this species is seasonal and may be partially determined by abiotic factors.

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Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from crepuscular period in an Atlantic Forest area in Southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.09815 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. Orlandin ◽

E. B. Santos ◽

M. Piovesan ◽

M. A. Favretto ◽

A. H. Schneeberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Forest Area ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Specific Composition ◽

Etiological Agents

Abstract Crepuscular period is one of the factors that may influence the biting activity of mosquitoes. Many of these insects have a peak activity in this period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the afternoon crepuscular activity of Culicidae in a remaining area of Atlantic Forest in western Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Moreover, the possible influence of abiotic factors, the abundance and species richness were verified. In order to better analyze the influence of crepuscular period in specific composition and abundance of mosquitoes, the dusk was divided into three periods: pre-sunset, sunset and post-sunset. At the end of the study, nine hundred and eight four specimens distributed in 12 genera and 23 species were collected. Trichoprosopon pallidiventer (Lutz, 1905) (59.76%), Aedes crinifer (Theobald, 1903) (8.13%), Ae. scapularis (Rondani, 1848) (5.89%) were the most abundant species. Spring time presented the greatest abundance and species richness. During the study, among the three periods evaluated, pre-sunset had the greatest abundance and post-sunset the lowest. Pre-sunset and sunset had the greatest similarity between species. Regarding to the abiotic factors evaluated seven and 15 days before sampling, they did not present significant correlation for the three most abundant species. However, temperature had a positive correlation to these species. Moreover, the correlation between collected species and its possible role as vectors of etiological agents of diseases was discussed.

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A Geographical Information System (GIS) study of Triassic vertebrate biochronology

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s001675680500083x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 142 (4) ◽

pp. 327-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

E. J. RAYFIELD ◽

P. M. BARRETT ◽

R. A. McDONNELL ◽

K. J. WILLIS

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Western Europe ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Late Triassic ◽

Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽

Potential Index ◽

The Stability ◽

Land Vertebrate

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been applied extensively to analyse spatial data relating to varied environmental issues, but have not so far been used to address biostratigraphical or macroevolutionary questions over extended spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use GIS techniques to test the stability, validity and utility of proposed Middle and Late Triassic ‘Land Vertebrate Faunachrons’ (LVFs), a global biostratigraphical framework based upon terrestrial/freshwater tetrapod occurrences. A database of tetrapod and megafloral localities was constructed for North America and Western Europe that also incorporated information on relevant palaeoenvironmental variables. This database was subjected to various spatial analysis techniques. Our GIS analysis found support at a global level for Eocyclotosaurus as an Anisian index taxon and probably Aetosaurus as a Norian indicator. Other tetrapod taxa are useful biostratigraphical/biochronological markers on a regional basis, such as Longosuchus and Doswellia for Late Carnian time. Other potential index fossils are hampered, however, by taxonomic instability (Mastodonsaurus, Metoposaurus, Typothorax, Paleorhinus, Pseudopalatus, Redondasaurus, Redondasuchus) and/or are not clearly restricted in temporal distribution (Paleorhinus, Angistorhinus, Stagonolepis, Metoposaurus and Rutiodon). This leads to instability in LVF diagnosis. We found only in the western Northern Hemisphere is there some evidence for an Anisian–Ladinian biochronological unit amalgamating the Perovkan and Berdyankian LVFs, and a possible late Carnian unit integrating the Otischalkian and Adamanian.Megaplants are generally not useful for biostratigraphical correlation in the Middle and Upper Triassic of the study area, but there is some evidence for a Carnian-age floral assemblage that corresponds to the combined Otischalkian and Adamanian LVFs. Environmental biases do not appear to strongly affect the spatial distribution of either the tetrapods or megaplants that have been proposed as index taxa in biostratigraphical schemes, though several examples of apparent environmental bias were detected by the analysis. Consequently, we argue that further revision and refinement of Middle and Late Triassic LVFs is needed before they can be used to support global or multi-regional biostratigraphical correlations. Caution should therefore be exercised when using the current scheme as a platform for macroevolutionary or palaeoecological hypotheses. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of GIS as a powerful tool for tackling palaeontological questions over extended timescales.

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ECOLOGY OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE SOURIS RIVER, MANITOBA AS A BASIS FOR CONTROL STRATEGY

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent113223-3 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 223-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. R. Westwood ◽

R. A. Brust

Keyword(s):

Control Program ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Pest Species ◽

Black Flies ◽

Black Fly ◽

Simulium Vittatum ◽

Late Instar ◽

Simulium Decorum ◽

Fly Control ◽

Wire Cage

AbstractTen species of black flies were collected from the Souris River, Manitoba between April 1977 and October 1978. Adults of Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel, Simulium meridionale Riley, Simulium venustum Say, Simulium verecundum Stone and Jamnback, and Simulium johannseni johannseni (Hart) were collected feeding on livestock and humans, and are well known pest species. Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt was the most abundant species, but was not a pest on man or domestic animals. Simulium tuberosum (Lundström) and Simulium johannseni duplex Shewell and Fredeen were the least abundant species. Simulium j. johannseni, S. j. duplex, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. tuberosum, and Cnephia dacotensis (Dyar and Shannon) appeared to be univoltine species while S. luggeri, S. meridionale, Simulium decorum Walker, and S. vittatum were multivoltine in the Souris River.An evaluation of cone, plate, rope, and wire cage sampling devices for black fly larvae and pupae indicated that cone samplers provided a more representative sample for population assessment.In a black fly control program, of the Souris River, Manitoba two separate larvicide treatments in spring may be necessary. In the case of two treatments, the first should be aimed at late instar larvae of S. j. johannseni, S. venustum, and S. verecundum. Since the majority of S. luggeri and S. meridionale would be in the egg stage at this time, a second treatment, 10–14 days later, would be necessary to control late instar larvae of these species.

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Spatial and temporal distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Pampa biome streams, Brazil

Biologia ◽

10.1007/s11756-021-00859-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tieli Cláudia Menzel ◽

Sirlei Maria Hentges ◽

Cristiane Maria Loebens ◽

David Augusto Reynalte-Tataje ◽

Milton Norberto Strieder

Keyword(s):

Temporal Distribution ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

Black Flies ◽

Pampa Biome

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Abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948 (Palaemonidae) in the Amazon estuary, north of Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.00316 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 594-601

Author(s):

D. V. Cavalcante ◽

B. S. Bentes ◽

J. M. Martinelli-Lemos

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Artisanal Fisheries ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Amazon Estuary ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽

The City

Abstract Macrobrachium surinamicum is a small shrimp that inhabits rivers of low salinity. It is mainly caught as bycatch in Amazon shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum fisheries, which is widely exploited by artisanal fisheries for food and economic needs of the riverside population. This study aimed to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of the freshwater shrimp M. surinamicum in the Guajará Bay and on Mosqueiro Island, correlating the abundance of this species with abiotic factors (temperature and salinity). Samples were taken from May 2006 to April 2007 in six locations: Mosqueiro Island (Furo das Marinhas and Porto do Pelé); Icoaraci district; Arapiranga Island, edge of the city of Belém; and Combu Island, using traps named 'matapis'. A total of 361 shrimps were caught. The abundance was higher in December and lower in July 2006. The biggest catch occurred on Arapiranga Island and the lowest on Mosqueiro Island. The abundance differed significantly in December 2006 and no variable studied had significant influence on M. surinamicum abundance. In Guajará Bay, particularly the more sheltered places, as Arapiranga and Combu islands, favor the development of M. surinamicum, indicating that this species has preference for less disturbed areas.

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Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832009000200010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 325-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Luis Fernando Chavez ◽

Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽

Cimélio Bayer ◽

Newton Junior La Scala ◽

Luisa Fernanda Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Pore Space ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Static System ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Dynamic Chamber

Agricultural soils can act as a source or sink of atmospheric C, according to the soil management. This long-term experiment (22 years) was evaluated during 30 days in autumn, to quantify the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage-CT and no-till-NT) on the soil CO2-C flux in a Rhodic Hapludox in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. A closed-dynamic system (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) and a static system (alkali absorption) were used to measure soil CO2-C flux immediately after soybean harvest. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously with CO2-C flux, by Licor-6400 soil temperature probe and manual TDR, respectively. During the entire month, a CO2-C emission of less than 30 % of the C input through soybean crop residues was estimated. In the mean of a 30 day period, the CO2-C flux in NT soil was similar to CT, independent of the chamber type used for measurements. Differences in tillage systems with dynamic chamber were verified only in short term (daily evaluation), where NT had higher CO2-C flux than CT at the beginning of the evaluation period and lower flux at the end. The dynamic chamber was more efficient than the static chamber in capturing variations in CO2-C flux as a function of abiotic factors. In this chamber, the soil temperature and the water-filled pore space (WFPS), in the NT soil, explained 83 and 62 % of CO2-C flux, respectively. The Q10 factor, which evaluates CO2-C flux dependence on soil temperature, was estimated as 3.93, suggesting a high sensitivity of the biological activity to changes in soil temperature during fall season. The CO2-C flux measured in a closed dynamic chamber was correlated with the static alkali adsorption chamber only in the NT system, although the values were underestimated in comparison to the other, particularly in the case of high flux values. At low soil temperature and WFPS conditions, soil tillage caused a limited increase in soil CO2-C flux.

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Characteristics and frequency of large submarine landslides at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth

10.5194/nhess-2017-371 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Arnaud Beckers ◽

Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari ◽

Christian Beck ◽

George Papatheodorou ◽

Marc de Batist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Distribution ◽

Large Mass ◽

Simultaneous Occurrence ◽

Submarine Landslides ◽

Earthquake Triggering ◽

Historical Sources ◽

Western Basin ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Conditioning Factors ◽

Gulf Of Corinth

Abstract. Coastal and submarine landslides are frequent at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth, where small to medium failure events (106–107 m3) occur on average every 30–50 years. These landslides trigger tsunamis, and consequently represent a significant hazard. We use here a dense grid of high-resolution seismic profiles to realize an inventory of the large mass transport deposits (MTDs) that result from these submarine landslides. Six large mass wasting events are identified, and their associated deposits locally represent 30 % of the sedimentation since 130 ka in the main western Basin. In the case of a large MTD of ~ 1 km3 volume, the simultaneous occurrence of different slope failures is inferred and suggests an earthquake triggering. However, the overall temporal distribution of MTDs would result from the time-dependent evolution of pre-conditioning factors, rather than from the recurrence of external triggers. Two likely main pre-conditioning factors are (1) the reloading time of slopes, which varied with the sedimentation rate, and (2) dramatic changes in water depth and water circulation that occurred 10–12 ka ago during the last post-glacial transgression. Such sliding events likely generated large tsunami waves in the whole Gulf of Corinth, possibly larger than those reported in historical sources considering the observed volume of the MTDs.

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Diversity and spatial distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Ijuí river drainage basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v12i2.845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Tieli Cláudia Menzel ◽

Sirlei Maria Hentges ◽

David Augusto Reynalte Tataje ◽

Milton Norberto Strieder

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Indicator Species ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Principal Component ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Black Flies ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract. In southern Brazil there are several problems regarding the hematophageal activity of black flies, and the information on the distribution of species are still insufficient. In this study, our main goals were to recognize Simuliidae species and to analyze abiotic factors regarding the distribution of immature stages (larva and pupa) in streams from the Ijuí River basin, Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We sampled simulids specimens in 27 study sites, covering three regions (high, intermediate and low altitude). Concomitantly, we recorded abiotic factors in the studied sites, such as: temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, atmospheric pressure, pH, altitude and stream width. For data analysis, we performed Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Analysis of Indicator Species and Canonical Correspondence (CCA). A total of 10 species of black Flies was recorded. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz and Simulium orbitale Lutz were the most frequent. There was no significant difference in richness and density of the species between the different regions studied, except for Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. The sampled environments were segregated according to the location within the basin, and only S. jujuyense was considered an indicator species of the upper region. These results can be explained by the homogeneous conditions of the Ijuí River basin, which have suffered anthropogenic pressure mainly due to agricultural activities, resulting in losses in local aquatic biodiversity. Also, it may indicate that the control must be conducted considering the basin as a whole, and not only as isolated stretches of the streams.Diversidade e distribuição espacial de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilResumo. No sul do Brasil existem problemas com atividade hematofágica de borrachudos e as informações referentes à distribuição das espécies ainda são insuficientes. O presente estudo visa reconhecer as espécies de Simuliidae e analisar fatores abióticos quanto a distribuição dos estágios imaturos (larva e pupa) em riachos da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletados simulídeos em 27 pontos de estudo, cobrindo três regiões da bacia (alta, intermediária e baixa altitude). Concomitantemente, foi feito o registro de fatores abióticos nos trechos estudados, tais como: temperatura, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, pressão atmosférica, pH, altitude e largura do riacho. Foram realizadas análises de Kruskal-Wallis ou ANOVA, Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), Análise de Espécie Indicadora e de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). Foi registrado um total de 10 espécies de Simuliidae. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz e Simulium orbitale Lutz foram as mais frequentes. Não ocorreu diferença na riqueza e na densidade das espécies entre as diferentes regiões estudadas, exceto para Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. Os ambientes nos pontos de amostragem foram segregados de acordo com a sua localização na bacia, e apenas S. jujuyense foi considerada uma espécie indicadora da região alta. Tais resultados podem ser explicados pelas condições homogêneas da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, que vêm sofrendo pressão antropogênica principalmente devido às atividades agrícolas, resultando em perdas na biodiversidade aquática local. Também, indicam que o controle deve ser realizado considerando a bacia como um todo e não apenas em trechos isolados dos riachos.

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Temporal distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the eastern extreme of the Amazon region

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201901261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 12-23

Author(s):

Elias da Costa ARAUJO ◽

Lucas Pereira MARTINS ◽

Marcelo DUARTE ◽

Gisele Garcia AZEVEDO

Keyword(s):

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Amazon Forest ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

ABSTRACT Rainfall is one of the most influential factors driving insect seasonality in the Amazon region. However, few studies have analyzed the temporal dynamics of fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Amazon, specially in its eastern portion. Here, we evaluated the diversity patterns and temporal distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies in a remnant of eastern Amazon forest in the Baixada Maranhense, northeastern Brazil. Specifically, we tested whether fruit-feeding butterflies are temporally structured and whether rainfall influences species richness and abundance. Butterflies were collected with baited traps in both the rainy and dry seasons for two consecutive years. In total, we captured 493 butterflies belonging to 28 species, 15 genera and eight tribes. Three species comprised about half of the overall abundance, and Satyrinae was the most representative subfamily. The fruit-feeding butterfly assemblage showed a strong temporal structure during the second year of sampling, but not during the first year. Species composition and richness did not differ between rainy and dry seasons, and neither abundance nor richness was influenced by rainfall. Our results indicate that seasonality is not a strong environmental filter in this region, and that other biotic and abiotic factors are probably driving the community structure. The predominance of palms in the Baixada Maranhense, which are used as host plants by larvae of several lepidopteran species (specially satyrines) and are available year-round, might have contributed to the observed patterns of temporal diversity.

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