scholarly journals Compatibilidade de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) com Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Claúdia Schlick Souza ◽  
Luciana Claudia Toscano ◽  
Genivaldo David de Souza Schlick ◽  
André Júnior Andrade Peres ◽  
Pamella Mingotti Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Petri Dishes

Resumo. Os agroecossistemas contem vários agentes de controle biológico atuando simultaneamente sobre diferentes ou o mesmo inseto alvo. A cultura do algodoeiro apresenta um rico complexo de inimigos naturais associados às pragas, dentre eles, destaca-se o predador Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) e o fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compatibilidade do fungo M. anisopliae sobre os aspectos biológicos do predador C. externa. O primeiro ensaio avaliou o desenvolvimento de C. externa quando tratado com as seguintes suspensões de M. anisopliae: T1- água (testemunha); T2-105 conídios.mL-1 de M. anisopliae (M.a.); T3- 106 conídios.mL-1 de M.a.; T4- 107 conídios.mL-1 de M.a.;T5- 108 conídios.mL-1 de M.a. No segundo ensaio foram avaliadas a duração das fases larval e pupal do predador, bem como a mortalidade larval em cada tratamento. Para isto, ovos de C. externa foram individualizados em placas de Petri e mantidos em laboratório. Quando as larvas de C. externa eclodiram, foram oferecidas ninfas de mosca-branca em discos foliares oriundos do algodoeiro tratado com: T1 –água (testemunha); T2 - 105 conídios.mL-1  de M.a. e T3 - 108 conídios.mL-1  de M.a. Os resultados sugerem que o fungo M. anisopliae nas doses de 105 e 108 conídios.mL-1 de  M.a. não interferem nos aspectos biológicos do predador C. externa.Compatibility Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) with Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)Abstract. The ecoagrossistemas several biological control agents acting simultane ously on different or the same target insect. The culture of cotton presents a rich complex of natural enemies associated with pests, among which stands out the predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of the fungus M. anisopliae on the biological aspects of the predator C. externa. The first study evaluated the development of C. externa when treated with the following suspensions of M. anisopliae: T1 water (control); T2- 105 conídios.mL-1 de M. anisopliae (M.a.); T3- 106 conídios.mL-1 de M.a.; T4- 107 conídios.mL-1 de M.a.;T5- 108 conídios.mL-1 de M.a.. The second assay measured the duration of the larval and pupal predator and larval mortality in each treatment. For this, C. externa eggswere individualized in Petri dishes and kept under laboratory conditions.  When the larvae of C. externa hatched, whitefly nymphs were offered on leaf discs coming from cotton treated with: T1-water (control); T2 - 105 conídios.mL-1 de M.a. e T3 - 108 conídios.mL-1 de M.a.. The results suggest that the fungus M. anisopliae at doses of 105 e 108 conídios.mL-1 de M.a. not interfere with the biological aspects of the predator C. externa.

scholarly journals Interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the Neotropical predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Implications in biological control of pest

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Scorsetti ◽  
Sebastian Pelizza ◽  
Marilina Noelia Fogel ◽  
Florencia Vianna ◽  
Marcela Ines Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Eriopis Connexa

Abstract Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are serious pests of crops causing direct damage by feeding and indirect by the transmission of plant viruses. The use of conventional insecticides for controlling aphids has caused different problems and insecticide resistance. Accordingly, there is more interest in alternative control methods such as biological control by natural enemies for sustainable agricultural management. Among biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi are one of the most significant microbial pathogens of insects. Also, Coccinellidae, as a major group, is a serious natural enemy. Both larval and adult stages of Coccinellidae feed on different soft-body pests, such as aphids. Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a common species in agroecosystems of the Neotropical region where it is considered to be a potential control agent. Pathogens and arthropod natural enemies may contribute to the control of phytophagous pests; however, it is important to assess potential interactions within biological control agents that share hosts (intraguild interaction) to evaluate their combined use for pest control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility and interaction (lethal and sublethal effects) between E. connexa and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Both are important biological control agents of aphids. The pathogenicity of B. bassiana against larvae, pupae and adults of the predator E. connexa was evaluated, and results showed, that B. bassiana infected the coleopteran. On the other hand, interaction between B. bassiana and the predator was evaluated through infected-prey. The effects of fungus on larvae survival were significantly different when we analyzed the accumulated survival (from first larval instar to adulthood). The daily fecundity was significantly reduced at five days compared to control group. By contrast, no significant differences were observed between the five oviposition days in the rate of hatched eggs. This study shows that despite having received a single dose of the fungus in its life cycle, the population parameters of the predator E. connexa are affected. More studies would be necessary to help identify interactions between microbes and natural enemies to increase and enhance opportunities and further develop biological pest control programs.

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

scholarly journals Phototoxicity of Ultraviolet-A against the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci and Its Compatibility with an Entomopathogenic Fungus and Whitefly Parasitoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Musa Khan ◽  
Ze-Yun Fan ◽  
Dylan O’Neill Rothenberg ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly affects insect life and, as a result, has been widely used to control different invertebrate pests. The current results demonstrate that when Bemisia tabaci first instar nymphs are exposed to UV-A light for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, their developmental and biological parameters are negatively affected by UV-A exposure; the effect increased with an increase in exposure time. We hypothesized that UV-A light is compatible with other biological control agents. Results showed that when the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea was applied to third instar nymphs of B. tabaci previously exposed to UV-A light, the LC50 was 3.4% lower after 72 h of exposure to UV-A light compared to the control. However, when the fungus was exposed to UV-A light, its virulence decreased with an increase in UV-A exposure time. The parasitism rate of Encarsia formosa against 24 h UV-A-exposed third instar nymphs of B. tabaci increased while the adult emergence from parasitized nymphs was not affected after UV-A light exposure. Parasitism rate was significantly reduced however following E. formosa exposure to UV-A light; but again, adult emergence was not affected from parasitized nymphs. The percentage mortality of E. formosa increased with increasing exposure time to UV-A light. The enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, GST, and AChE and the energy reserve contents were negatively affected due to UV-A exposure. Collectively, this study has demonstrated that UV-A light significantly suppresses the immune system of B. tabaci and that UV-A light is compatible with other biological control agents if it is applied separately from the biological agent.

Notes on Insects, Especially Gymnaetron spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Associated with Toadflax, Liniaria vulgaris Mill. (Scrophulariaceae), in North America

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Morris Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Linaria Vulgaris ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Linaria vulgaris Mill., known commonly as toadflax or butter-and-eggs, is worldwide in its distribution but is a serious weed only in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Zilke and Coupland, 1954), where it is increasing in importance (Beck, 1954; Carder, 1956; Forbes, 1957). Smith (1956) correlated its relative insignificance as a weed in the other provinces and in the northwestern United States with the occurrence of the curculionid beetle Gylmnaetron antirrhini (Payk.). Investigations on this and other insects that feed on toadflax and an evaluation of their possible use as biological control agents are reported in this paper; also included are some observations on the weedand its natural enemies made since 1950 in all provinces west of Quebec and in the northwestern United States.

Acigona infusella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an agent for biological control of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. A. Sands ◽  
R. C. Kassulke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
South American ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pontederia Cordata ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractThe biology and host specificity of a South American moth, Acigona infusella (Wlk.), were studied in quarantine facilities in Australia. In choice tests on the host specificity of A. infusella, slight feeding by larvae occured on ginger, lettuce, banana, bullrush (Typha orientalis) and water primrose (Ludwigia peploides), but in starvation tests only waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata) supported complete development. A decrease in larval mortality and increase in egg-mass size of A. infusella occured when a microsporidian, Vairimorpha sp.; infecting the colony was eliminated, suggesting that these insects may then perform more effectively as biological control agents in Australia than in South America. The damage to waterhyacinth cause bu larvae of A. infusella may complement attack by other biological control agents already established in Australia.

scholarly journals Infection and reinfection of Stomoxys calcitrans larvae (Diptera: Muscidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes in different times of exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Américo de Castro Monteiro Sobrinho ◽  
Isadora Luiza Alves Costa ◽  
Graziele Calixto Souza ◽  
Luís Carlos de Souza Rodrigues Leal ◽  
João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Fly Larvae

Abstract Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous dipteran. Several agents are used in biological control, including entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Bioassay I involved an evaluation of the effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 on S. calcitrans larvae in different periods of exposure. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added, which were divided into groups according to the exposure times of 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The purpose of Bioassay II was to evaluate the efficacy of the EPNs in infecting S. calcitrans larvae when they were isolated from stable fly larvae in Bioassay I. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added. In bioassay I, H. bacteriophora caused mortality rates of 51.7, 83.3 and 91.7% in 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, while H. baujardi caused mortality rates of 9.3 (12h), 35 (24h) and 35% (48h). In Bioassay II, H. bacteriophora and H. baujardi resulted in mortality rates of 35% and 25%, respectively. It was concluded that the longest exposure times presented the highest larval mortality and that EPNs isolated from S. calcitrans are not efficient in controlling the larvae fly.

scholarly journals UJI EFIKASI BIOINSEKTISIDA JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN BERFORMULASI CAIR TERHADAP Plutella xylostella (L.) DI LABORATORIUM

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Haperidah Nunilahwati ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Yulia Pujiastuti ◽  
Khodijah Khodijah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Efficacy test of liquid bio-insecticide of entomopathogenic fungi in control against Plutella xylostella in the laboratory.  The insect pest P. xylostella could reduce crop production of Brassicaceae. The aim of research was to test the efficacy liquid bio insecticide with active ingredient of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi to control P. xylostella. Bio-insecticide was applied by spraying  on mustard leaves infested with 50 individuals of third instar larvae of P. xylostella and a density of 1x106 conidia ml-1. Larval mortality was observed every 2 hours and LT50 of larvae was calculated. The study showed that the highest percentage of mortality found in Mt ES and Mt ES (cf) isolates was 99.6%, the lowest mortality at Mt NES isolate was 96.80%. LT50 and LT95 values   Bb ES were the lowest i.e. 2.04 days and 2.95 days. The highest LT50 and LT95 of Mt NES isolate were 2.24 days and 3.32 days. The liquid bio-insecticide of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were effective to control the larvae of P. xylostella.

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