scholarly journals Wytwarzanie pamięci. Współczesne opowieści o „Gejerelu”

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Justyna Tuszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Memory Studies

Artykuł stanowi analizę utworów przedstawiających nieheteronormatywną rzeczywistość PRL w perspektywie badań nad pamięcią (memory studies). Przedmiot zainteresowania stanowią teksty, które tematyzują zarazem homoseksualność (przede wszystkim męską), jak i sam PRL z jego codziennymi absurdami i społeczno-politycznymi zawiłościami: Płynąc w ciemnościach Tomasza Jędrowskiego, Kryptonim Hiacynt i Zbrodnia, której nie było Andrzeja Selerowicza, Zatoka ostów Tadeusza Olszewskiego oraz Gejerel Krzysztofa Tomasika. Analiza pozwoliła ujawnić szereg strategii i taktyk odzyskiwania, przepisywania i zastępowania pamięci o tej części polskiej historii. Wszystkie omawiane tu utwory realizują te same taktyki, przedstawiają te same motywy, wyrastają z tej samej potrzeby uzupełnienia luk w pamięci zbiorowej. Co za tym idzie, tworzą (brakującą) narrację, wchodzą w dialog z historią. Można je zatem traktować, zgodnie z definicją sformułowaną przez Marianne Hirsch, jako działania postpamięciowe.

Investigating the Ease-of-Retrieval Effect in an Eyewitness Context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Groncki ◽  
Jennifer L Beaudry ◽  
James D. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Bayesian Testing ◽  
Finding Study ◽  
Identification Confidence

The way in which individuals think about their own cognitive processes plays an important role in various domains. When eyewitnesses assess their confidence in identification decisions, they could be influenced by how easily relevant information comes to mind. This ease-of-retrieval effect has a robust influence on people’s cognitions in a variety of contexts (e.g., attitudes), but it has not yet been applied to eyewitness decisions. In three studies, we explored whether the ease with which eyewitnesses recall certain memorial information influenced their identification confidence assessments and related testimony-relevant judgements (e.g., perceived quality of view). We manipulated the number of reasons participants gave to justify their identification (Study 1; N = 343), and also the number of instances they provided of a weak or strong memory (Studies 2a & 2b; Ns = 350 & 312, respectively). Across the three studies, ease-of-retrieval did not affect eyewitnesses’ confidence or other testimony-relevant judgements. We then tried—and failed—to replicate Schwarz et al.’s (1991) original ease-of-retrieval finding (Study 3; N = 661). In three of the four studies, ease-of-retrieval had the expected effect on participants’ perceived task difficulty; however, frequentist and Bayesian testing showed no evidence for an effect on confidence or assertiveness ratings.

Memory Practices in the Classroom

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Ahlrichs ◽  
Katharina Baier ◽  
Barbara Christophe ◽  
Felicitas Macgilchrist ◽  
Patrick Mielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
History Education ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Videos ◽  
Memory Practices

This article draws on memory studies and media studies to explore how memory practices unfold in schools today. It explores history education as a media- saturated cultural site in which particular social orderings and categorizations emerge as commonsensical and others are contested. Describing vignettes from ethnographic fieldwork in German secondary schools, this article identifies different memory practices as a nexus of pupils, teachers, blackboards, pens, textbooks, and online videos that enacts what counts as worth remembering today: reproduction; destabilization without explicit contestation; and interruption. Exploring mediated memory practices thus highlights an array of (often unintended) ways of making the past present.

Jerusalem’s Alternative Collective Memory Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Menachem Klein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
East And West ◽  
Use Of The Internet

Jerusalem played an important role in the establishment of collective memory studies by Maurice Halbwachs in the early twentieth century. Recent studies in this field draw attention to the contribution of a variety of agents to building, maintaining, and challenging collective memory realms. Following suit, this article deals with the methods that agents of an alternative collective memory for Jerusalem use to challenge the Israeli hegemonic narrative. Before reviewing their activities in East and West Jerusalem and their resources and impact, I summarize the hegemonic narrative as presented in four memory realms. Special attention is given to both sides’ use of the Internet as a means of overcoming the physical limitations of memory realms.

Prophecies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Harpers Ferry ◽  
John Brown ◽  
Prophetic Imagination ◽  
Southern Nationalism

Focusing on Edmund Ruffin, this chapter interprets the prophecies of secessionists. During a national craze for John Brown relics after the Harpers Ferry raid, Edmund Ruffin circulated Brown’s pikes to each southern legislature or governor to promote southern nationalism and secession. This chapter inverts memory studies to interpret how antebellum novels by Ruffin, John B. Jones, and Beverley Tucker forecasted civil war and elevated white supremacy. The prophetic imagination of secessionists like Ruffin empowered masters at the expense of women, yeomen, and slaves. By identifying themselves as conservative prophets rebelling against modern transgressions of timeless laws, southern nationalists adopted a historical consciousness that predicted a looming revolution to restore order and harmony. Their prophecies imagined bloodshed and destruction that exceeded the actual war and echoed earlier revolutions, particularly the American, French, and Haitian.

‘Putting heart’ into history and memory: Dialogues with Maya-Tseltal philosopher, Xuno López Intzin

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aída Hernández Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Memory Studies ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
History And Memory

In this article, the author shares her dialogues with the Maya-Tseltal scholar Xuno López Intzin, to open an analytical window to Non-Western conceptions of memory and time. It focuses on the cyclical conceptualization of time, and the embodied experience of history and memory of Maya peoples in the Chiapas Highlands. This Mayan perspective is explained by Xuno López Intzin, in an analytical dialogue with the author, who questions her own linear ethnohistorial perspectives. It aims to contribute to the decolonization of memory studies by giving an academic platform to this subaltern, nonlinear conception of time and history.

Like Daughter, Like Grandson: Queering Post-Traumatic Memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 175069802098201
Author(s):  
Golan Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Queer Studies ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Trauma Theory ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Post Traumatic

Queer and trauma theory both concern internal experiences that challenge normative social frameworks. Considering the roles of queerness within trauma and memory studies opens interpretive pathways for otherwise discredited or inaccessible meanings. It also relates survivors’ receding knowledge to those currently “queered” or endangered. With a focus on childhood and mother-child relationships, this article maps intersections of memory studies, queer theory, and trauma theory, applying subsequent insights to an “autotheoretical” analysis of the author’s own transnational, post-Holocaust family across four generations. It explores the possibility through queer studies of excavating new post-traumatic meanings and relating those meanings to present contexts.

Friction, Fragmentation, and Diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Salmi-Niklander ◽  
Sofia Laine ◽  
Päivi Salmesvuori ◽  
Ulla Savolainen ◽  
Riikka Taavetti
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Everyday Interaction ◽  
Legal Processes

This collection focuses on difficult memories and diverse identities related to conflicts and localized politics of memories. The contemporary and history-oriented case studies discuss politicized memories and pasts, the frictions of justice and reconciliation, and the diversity and fragmentation of difficult memories. The collection brings together methodological discussions from oral history research, cultural memory studies and the study of contemporary protest movements. The politicization of memories is analyzed in various contexts, ranging from everyday interaction and diverse cultural representations to politics of the archive and politics as legal processes. The politicization of memories takes place on multiple analytical levels: those inherent to the sources; the ways in which the collections are utilized, archived, or presented; and in the re-evaluation of existing research.

Witnessing in the echo chamber: From counter-discourses in print media to counter-memories of Argentina’s state terrorism

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1057
Author(s):  
Muireann Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
Echo Chamber ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
The Relationship

While the importance of journalism in memory studies has often been overlooked in academic scholarship, media discourses can be considered ‘memory’s precondition’ on both active and passive levels. First, journalists record events as they happen building on narratives and testimonies. Second, sometimes decades later, these can be invoked in legal and social post-dictatorship processes. Applying the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis to memory studies, this research explores the relationship between counter-journalism and counter-memories as a response to and rejection of the ‘echo chamber’ of authoritarian discourse which dominated the mainstream media and promoted official memory during Argentina’s last dictatorship. The methodological approach of the study is mixed, combining qualitative synchronic-diachronic text analysis with a corpus analysis of concordance lines to trace strategies of counter-discourse in two newspapers which opposed the dictatorship. The motivations of their editor-journalists for challenging official discourse and institutional memory in the climate of state terrorism are framed in the context of Margalit’s ‘moral witnessing’.

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