HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT RESPONSE OF STITCHED CFRP LAMINATES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHARI HARRISON ◽  
KALYAN RAJ KOTA ◽  
JACOB A. ROGERS ◽  
PAUL T. MEAD ◽  
ANIKET MOTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Damage Propagation ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Back Face ◽  
Impact Experiments

In this study, hypervelocity impact experiments were performed on both unstitched and through-thickness Vectran™-stitched laminates. Both laminate types were fabricated from DMS-2436 class-72 warp-knit multiaxial carbon fabric, infused with API-1078 resin using a Controlled Atmospheric Pressure Resin Infusion (CAPRI) process. The laminates were impacted by 4 mm diameter, spherical, Nylon 6/6 projectiles at nominal velocities of 4 km/s using a two-stage light gas gun. The primary measures of the performance of the composite at protecting against impact were in plane hole damage areal comparisons and the comparison of the target back-face debris cloud (BFDC) velocities relative to the incoming projectile velocities. Additional post-shot forensics include characterization of damage morphology and analysis of high-speed videos. Initial inferences about the damage produced in the laminate indicate that the Vectran™ stitching can effectively arrest in-plane damage propagation; impacts at or near a stitchline resulted in no damage propagation across the stitchline boundaries.

scholarly journals Dust and atmospheric influence on plasma properties observed in light gas gun hypervelocity impact experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 103833
Author(s):  
Benjamin Estacio ◽  
Gil Shohet ◽  
Sean A.Q. Young ◽  
Isaac Matthews ◽  
Nicolas Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Plasma Properties ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Impact Experiments

Four-View Split-Image Fragment Tracking in Hypervelocity Impact Experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkai Watson ◽  
Nico Kunert ◽  
Robin Putzar ◽  
Hans-Gerd Maas ◽  
Stefan Hiermaier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Tracking Velocimetry ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Hypervelocity Impacts ◽  
Image Fragment ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Impact Experiments

Abstract Hypervelocity impacts (HVI) often cause significant fragmentation to occur in both target and projectile materials, and is often encountered in space debris and planetary impact applications [1]–[5]. In this paper, we focus on determining the individual velocities and sizes of fragments tracked in high-speed images. Inspired by velocimetry methods such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) [6] and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) [7] and building on past work [8], we describe the setup and algorithm used for measuring fragmentation data.

Dynamic Impact Characterization of Al+Fe2O3+30% Epoxy Composites Using Time Synchronized High-Speed Camera and VISAR Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Ferranti ◽  
Naresh N. Thadhani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Wave Interactions ◽  
Impact Experiments

AbstractReverse Taylor anvil-on-rod impact experiments were conducted on Al+Fe2O3+30% epoxy composites to measure their viscoelastic and fracture response to dynamic loading. Impact velocities ranged from 80 to 200 m/s. High-speed camera images capturing transient deformation reveal these materials exhibit significant elastic recovery in both the longitudinal and radial directions. Images were time synchronized with free surface velocity measurements, using VISAR, to track elastic/plastic wave interactions attributed to the material’s dynamic loading response. Some specimens underwent brittle fracture once a critical areal strain was exceeded while the axial strain response appeared unaltered.

Hypervelocity impact experiments up to 9 km/s by a compact multi-stage light-gas gun

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsumi Moritoh ◽  
Nobuaki Kawai ◽  
Shohei Matsuoka ◽  
Kazutaka G. Nakamura ◽  
Ken-ichi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Impact Experiments

scholarly journals TRAJECTORY BASED 3D FRAGMENT TRACKING IN HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT EXPERIMENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Watson ◽  
H.-G. Maas ◽  
F. Schäfer ◽  
S. Hiermaier
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Velocity Data ◽  
Hypervelocity Impacts ◽  
Impact Experiment ◽  
Impact Experiments

Collisions between space debris and satellites in Earth’s orbits are not only catastrophic to the satellite, but also create thousands of new fragments, exacerbating the space debris problem. One challenge in understanding the space debris environment is the lack of data on fragmentation and breakup caused by hypervelocity impacts. In this paper, we present an experimental measurement technique capable of recording 3D position and velocity data of fragments produced by hypervelocity impact experiments in the lab. The experimental setup uses stereo high-speed cameras to record debris fragments generated by a hypervelocity impact. Fragments are identified and tracked by searching along trajectory lines and outliers are filtered in 4D space (3D + time) with RANSAC. The method is demonstrated on a hypervelocity impact experiment at 3.2 km/s and fragment velocities and positions are measured. The results demonstrate that the method is very robust in its ability to identify and track fragments from the low resolution and noisy images typical of high-speed recording.

HyFIRE: Hypervelocity Facility for Impact Research Experiments at Johns Hopkins University

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Simpson ◽  
Matthew Shaeffer ◽  
K.T. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Test Diagnostics

Abstract The Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute (HEMI) recently installed a hypervelocity impact facility (HyFIRE) including a two-stage light gas gun at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD. The HyFIRE launcher has a launch tube bore diameter of 7.62 mm and is designed to attain launch velocities up to 7 km/s. The enclosed ballistic range and terminal test chamber provide multiple axes with which to view both projectile free flight and terminal impact, maximizing diagnostic access to events of interest. Initial test diagnostics include ultra-high-speed optical video and orthogonal 300 kV flash x-ray imaging. Photon doppler velocimetry for surface velocity measurement—currently used in HEMI’s laser shock facility—as well as emission spectroscopy/pyrometry are planned, providing researchers across multiple disciplines with the ability to investigate the coupling of mechanics, physics and chemistry present in high energy density impact events. Initial experiments at the facility investigate the fragmentation of inert impactors on anvil targets, with an aim towards identifying the dominant mechanisms controlling the fragmentation characteristics, temperature distributions and trajectories of generated debris fields.

scholarly journals 5.8 Lunar Ejecta in Heliocentric Space

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
W.M. Alexander ◽  
M.A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Impact Experiments

Studies of the parameters of micron and submicron ejecta particles from laboratory hypervelocity impact experiments have been accomplished using a light-gas-gun to accelerate milligram particles to velocities of 4 km/s onto a basalt like rock target.

scholarly journals Morpho-Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Alloyed Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3847-3850
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Magdalena Modan ◽  
Adriana Gabriela Plaiasu ◽  
Maria Magdalena Dicu ◽  
Marian Catalin Ducu ◽  
Sorin Georgian Moga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Industrial Frequency

Our research focuses on the microstructure and mechanical properties of S6-5-2 speed steel. Studying austenite transformation in martensite and chemical composition changes of high speed steel, under heating conditions for austenitisation and cooling in oil bath, both performed under sub-atmospheric pressure (in rarefied atmospheres) is experimentally determined. The fields were these alloys can be preferred are: the electrical machines for avionics, the magnetic circuits of ultra-rapid relays and of other devices working in DC fields, the measure transformers and other transformers supplied on industrial frequency. To analyze microstructure�s modifications a combination of optical, scanning and electron microscopy was used. The mechanical properties were measured by hardness tests.

The first microseconds of a hypervelocity impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Arnika Gärtner ◽  
Matthias Ebert ◽  
Martin Schimmerohn ◽  
Stefan Hergarten ◽  
Frank Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Ejection Process ◽  
Vapor Cloud

ABSTRACT The earliest ejection process of impact cratering involves very high pressures and temperatures and causes near-surface material to be ejected faster than the initial impact velocity. On Earth, such material may be found hundreds to even thousands of kilometers away from the source crater as tektites. The mechanism yielding such great distances is not yet fully understood. Hypervelocity impact experiments give insights into this process, particularly as the technology necessary to record such rapid events in high temporal and spatial resolution has recently become available. To analyze the earliest stage of this hypervelocity process, two series of experiments were conducted with a two-stage light-gas gun, one using aluminum and the other using quartzite as target material. The vertical impacts of this study were recorded with a high-speed video camera at a temporal resolution of tens of nanoseconds for the first three microseconds after the projectile’s contact with the target. The images show a self-luminous, ellipsoidal vapor cloud expanding uprange. In order to obtain angle-resolved velocities of the expanding cloud, its entire front and the structure of the cloud were systematically investigated. The ejected material showed higher velocities at high angles to the target surface than at small angles, providing a possible explanation for the immense extent of the strewn fields.

scholarly journals Morpho-Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Alloyed Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3847-3850
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Magdalena Modan ◽  
Adriana Gabriela Plaiasu ◽  
Maria Magdalena Dicu ◽  
Marian Catalin Ducu ◽  
Sorin Georgian Moga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Industrial Frequency

Our research focuses on the microstructure and mechanical properties of S6-5-2 speed steel. Studying austenite transformation in martensite and chemical composition changes of high speed steel, under heating conditions for austenitisation and cooling in oil bath, both performed under sub-atmospheric pressure (in rarefied atmospheres) is experimentally determined. The fields were these alloys can be preferred are: the electrical machines for avionics, the magnetic circuits of ultra-rapid relays and of other devices working in DC fields, the measure transformers and other transformers supplied on industrial frequency. To analyze microstructure�s modifications a combination of optical, scanning and electron microscopy was used. The mechanical properties were measured by hardness tests.

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