Biotechnologies et Protection des Végétaux : Intérêt de la Microflore Colonisatrice des Plantes = Biotechnologies and Plant Protection : Interest of Colonizing Microflora of Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (Numéro Spécial) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
P. Rey ◽  
E. Bruez ◽  
J. Gerbore
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection Des Végétaux

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

Institute For Plant Protection

1920 ◽  
Vol 2 (2supp) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Vernon Kellogg ◽  
R. M. Yerkes ◽  
H. E. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection

EVOLUTION OF CHEMICAL METHODS OF PLANT PROTECTION FROM PESTS IN RUSSIAN HUMID SUBTROPICS AND THE PROBLEM OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY

2014 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
N.N. Karpun ◽  
◽  
Ye.A. Ignatova ◽  
E.B. Yanushevskaya ◽  
N.N. Leonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Humid Subtropics

RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF WEED CONTROL IN INDUSTRIAL CROPS OF CORN FOR GRAIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Negreba ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bondarenko ◽  
M.A. Belik ◽  
T.A. Yurina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Plant Protection System ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Basic Version

The article presents the results of research on modern technologies for weed control in production crops of corn for grain. The best results were obtained in the basic version of technology No. 5 with the following plant protection system: mechanical treatment of crops (cross-row harrowing and three row-to-row cultivation) in combination with chemical treatment with the herbicide Mаister-150 g/ha.

Comparative Advantage of Using Biopesticides in Ukrainian Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrat Arjjumend ◽  
Konstantia Koutouki ◽  
Olga Donets
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Irreversible Damage

The use of unsustainable levels of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals has resulted in a steady decline in soil and crop productivity the world over. Soil biology has undergone irreversible damage, coupled with a high concentration of toxic chemical residues in plant tissues and human bodies. Agricultural practices must evolve to sustainably meet the growing global demand for food without irreversibly damaging soil. Microbial biocontrol agents have tremendous potential to bring sustainability to agriculture in a way that is safe for the environment. Biopesticides do not kill non-target insects, and biosafety is ensured because biopesticides act as antidotes and do not lead to chemical contamination in the soil. This article is part of a larger study conducted in Ukraine by researchers at the Université de Montréal with the support of Mitacs and Earth Alive Clean Technologies. The responses of farmers who use biofertilizers (“user farmers”) and those who do not (“non-user farmers”), along with the responses of manufacturers or suppliers of biofertilizers, and research and development (R&D) scientists are captured to demonstrate the advantages of applying microbial biopesticides to field crops. Participants reported a 15-30% increase in yields and crop production after the application of biopesticides. With the use of biopesticides, farmers cultivated better quality fruits, grains, and tubers with a longer shelf life. Moreover, while the risk of crop loss remains high (60-70%) with chemically grown crops, this risk is reduced to 33% on average if crops are grown using biopesticides. The findings indicate that a large proportion of farmers would prefer to use biopesticides if they are effective and high quality products. In this context, the quality and effectiveness of products is therefore very important. Despite their benefits to soil, human health, and ecosystems, biopesticides face significant challenges and competition vis-à-vis synthetic pesticides for a variety of reasons. Therefore, the development of biopesticides must overcome the problems of poor quality products, short shelf life, delayed action, high market costs, and legal/registration issues.

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